Millimeter Wave: Uses, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Security Issues

This presentation discusses the uses, strengths, weaknesses, and security issues of millimeter wave technology in wireless communication. It explores its applications in 5G, communication satellites, HD video, automotive, and more.

Millimeter wave:
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Introduction
 Millimeter wave which is also referred to as millimeter band is a band of the spectrum which ranges in
between 30 to 300 gigahertz (GHz). In the current modern wireless technology advancement, Researchers
are using millimeter wave’s spectrum to test the 5G broadband technology.
 International Telecommunication Union usually refers to millimeter wave as an extremely high frequency
(EHF) which can be utilized in the communication of wireless broadband which requires high speed.
 Millimeter wave is a band of the spectrum which is undeveloped and can be utilized in the diverse
variety of service and products such as point to point wireless local area network, access to broadband
and high-speed frequency.
 Millimeter waves are mainly used in Telecommunication for a range of services in the wireless network
and on mobile because it permits a high data rate up to approximately 10Gbps (Poularakis, Iosifidis,
Sourlas, & Tassiulas,2016).

Introduction cont…
 The wavelength of the Millimeter waves are very short and it ranges from 1 millimeter to
10 millimeters and in addition they pose attenuation from high atmospheric and also it has
the ability to absorb gases in the atmosphere.
 The millimeter can be affected by a condition known as rain fade where the performance
and signal strength is affected by rain and humidity.
 The millimeter waves usually travel by line of sight since it has a short range of less than
one kilometer, the millimeter wave wavelength which is of high frequency can be
obstructed by physical objects which include trees, mountains, and tall buildings.

Introduction cont…
 The point to point communication links of high bandwidth is utilized on the millimeter
waves ranging from starting from 72 GHz - 77 GHz, 82 GHz - 87 GHz and 93 GHz - 96 GHz, and
need to be licensed by the (FCC)Federal Communications Commission.
 In our discussion, we shall focus our discussion on discussing the wireless
current technology which is millimeter waves which are used by many
researchers to test 5G. In our discussion, we shall discuss how the millimeter
wireless technology is used, their real-life application, and the strength and
weaknesses, and security issues.

Uses of millimeter wave
 Millimeter wave is commonly used in transmitting a large amount of data.
Each type of wireless communication which includes a cell phone, radio
and satellites utilize a certain variety of the wavelength.
 Every application providers like radio, broadcaster, and television have an
exclusive channel assignment, this will allow the applications to
communicate with each other without interfering with each other. The said
channel poses a bandwidth which is large enough in order to pass
information from broadcaster transmitter to the users.
 In general terms, millimeter waves are greatly used in broadcasting in
airing the information to the listeners (Wang, Song,& Vucetic, 2015)

Uses of millimeter wave cont…
Applications
 Millimeter wave has various applications in wireless communication which is required to address
the application includes:
 Small cell concept and 5G
 The most discuss technology in the current world is the 5G technology and due to the needs of 5G
to support a high rate of data then, thus 5G will be utilizing Millimeter wave that ranges from
25GHz to 86Ghz.
 Technological companies are investing and testing in WLAN infrastructure with millimeter waves
support. For the implementation of the small cell concept in future then it must use millimeter
waves. Millimeter waves will replace the traditional fiber optic transmission lines which are
connecting mobile based stations.

Uses of millimeter wave cont…
Communication satellite
 Millimeter waves work for hand in hand with satellite communication for
instance at higher altitudes of orbits, it greatly operates with a huge
data rate and low latency.
HD video applications
 Millimeter waves can be utilized in the transmission of ultra-high
definition video to HDTV wirelessly.
 Tiny transmission modules can be integrated into devices for HD
transmission from digital set-top boxes, HD game stations, and other
high definition video sources.

Uses of millimeter wave cont…
Automotive applications
 Autonomous is the current interesting topic in the today world since it
needs the detection of the passengers and other obstruction in the low
latency and the real time.
 Accurate detection is a very crucial and reliable decision which is
needed to be made in the millisecond time frame. Millimeter waves are
widely used in the detection radar for automobiles.
Body scanner
 Millimeter wave human body scanners are becoming more and more
popular and reliable in today world. It has a high ability to scan with
accuracy and it is harmless to the human body. The researchers now
have introduced millimeter wave’s human body scanners for the
security in the airport.
 It utilizes the transmit power of 1Mw and it largely operates a frequency
that ranges from 60 GHz to 70 GHz.

Uses of millimeter wave cont…
Radar applications
 The technology from High-frequency radar has been created and emerging for
multiple applications. It utilizes beam width which is one of the properties of
Millimeter waves.
 Miniature sized radar on a single chip has been made using complex
semiconductors technology.
 It can also be used for automatic doors, intrusion alarm devices, motion
sensors, and avoidance alarm.

Strength of millimeter wave
 A millimeter wave is very advantaged current wireless technology since it can
greatly support higher data rate due to that it has higher bandwidth.
 Conventional higher data rate transmission requires the installation of fiber optic
cable installation. Millimeter wave technology can easily accomplish a 10GBps
data rate for communication.
 Strength of Millimeter wave technology is its tiny component size. Current mobile
phones and smart devices have become small in size and efficient.
 In addition millimeter, waves are most complex and it enhances high-security
security transmission.

Weaknesses
 There are several weaknesses when using Millimeter wave’s line of sight
communication. One of the obvious weaknesses is that millimeter waves can
experience distortion from the atmosphere. This scenario can be seen in
digital video broadcasting. During the cloudy atmosphere, DVB services will
be altered due to poor signal quality.
 And due to higher distortion from atmospheric conditions such as dust and
fog, is not required for long distance communication. Millimeter waves
architecture is complex since it needs a more advanced technology
infrastructure to design and develop the system.
 In the current technology of implementation of millimeter wave technology
then developing of the infrastructure of millimeter wave is costly and it
required the highly skilled personnel for implementation of the system (Kong,
Khan, Chen, & Zeng, 2017).

Security issues
 The security and privacy issues have become a great concern to the
communication companies especially companies who are opting to use the
millimeter wave’s technologies. There are various trends to this millimeter
technology which includes denial to the services is can occur when the
users are utilizing the network (Li, S., Da Xu, & Zhao,2018).
 Another security issue which we can talk that can pose a great challenge to
the millimeter wave is interference due to that millimeter waves travel
through vacuum then this waves can be interfered by weather, mountain
and also fog and dust.
 Since millimeter waves technology needs a complex infrastructure then for
it to be well implemented it should be build using high technology concepts
and if the security concern is not addressed then this technology may fail to
offers services to various users (Agiwal, Roy, & Saxena, 2016).

Antenna type
 The antenna type which will support Millimeter waves in the future is the (MIMO)
applying MIMO features to millimeter technology then it results in significant
performance gain due to diverse freedom is given by MIMO, thus millimeter waves
can be sent to various destination (Yang, Wang, Geraci, Elkashlan, Yuan, & Di
Renzo, 2015).
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conclusion
 In conclusion, it is very clear that the Emerging of millimeter wave technology in today's
world has posed a great improvement in only in the communication sector but also in the
various industries.
 Millimeter wave has various uses and application in today’s life which includes small
concept and 5G, communication satellites, body scanner, HD video application, and
automotive application (MacCartney, & Rappaport, 2017).
 In addition, the millimeter waves technology is faced by various weaknesses that should be
addressed and also millimeter is usual in many industries, and last we shall implement
antenna for the future (Sharma, Bogale, Chatzinotas, Wang, & Ottersten, 2018).
 In addition millimeter wave technology is among the fastest growing technologies in the
current world. Various applications of millimeter wave such as HD gaming, surveillance,
and security will leads millimeter waves to the next level in that it will endlessly offer a wide
spectrum of applications in the future.

References
 Rappaport, T. S., MacCartney, G. R., Samimi, M. K., & Sun, S. (2015). Wideband
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 Kong, L., Khan, M. K., Wu, F., Chen, G., & Zeng, P. (2017). Millimeter-wave
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References cont…
 MacCartney, G. R., & Rappaport, T. S. (2017). Rural macrocell path
loss models for millimeter wave wireless communications. IEEE
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 Choi, J., Va, V., Gonzalez-Prelcic, N., Daniels, R., Bhat, C. R., &
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Magazine, 54(12), 160-167.
 Qiao, J., Shen, X. S., Mark, J. W., Shen, Q., He, Y., & Lei, L. (2015).
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Reference cont..
 Zhang, B., & Zirath, H. (2016). Metallic 3-D printed rectangular waveguides for millimeter-
wave applications. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing
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 Li, Y., & Luk, K. M. (2016). A multibeam end-fire magnetoelectric dipole antenna array for
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 Zhang, B., Guo, Y. X., Zirath, H., & Zhang, Y. P. (2017). Investigation on 3-D-printing
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 Li, Y., & Luk, K. M. (2016). A multibeam end-fire magnetoelectric dipole antenna array for
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