Software Engineering and Product Development

The assignment delves into various aspects of software engineering and product development. It covers topics such as software development models (Spiral Model), code inspection specifications, prototyping methodologies, structured design, system testing, and the role of product strategy in software development. References are provided from reputable sources like IBM System Communication Division, Addison-Wesley, and IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. The document aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these concepts within the context of modern software engineering practices.

Introduction
There is nothing unusual in the website that can hamper the social value, and
nothing personnel interactions would not displayed here. The main purpose of
this report is to provide the detailed information of the e-business and internet
transaction considering the situation of the Concord Textile Ltd.
There is a comment place about the product for customer review (Ascoly et al,
2006). This part is monitored by the Concord staff to ensure there are no bad
comments that can hamper the visitor’s social and family status.
Extranet controlled private network by using internet, extranet helps Concord
Textile Ltd internal and external stakeholders to use internet traffic. It is an
external traffic requested by the client for using internet or data.
For extranet they need to use Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies.
Customers need to use a router and public IP as well as firewall for using
extranet and it’s not a local traffic. To communicate between office and the other,
it is necessary to use Website of Concord Textile as it was developed to meet all
the requirement of the visitors (Baker and Hart, 2007). There is nothing unusual
in the website that can hamper the social value, and no personnel interactions
would be displayed here. There is a specific place for comment about the
product as well for customer review.
E-business has some shortfalls stated by (Davis and Olson, 2012). The anxiety
of cyber bother and online deception is lingering on the online business and
transaction is at a risk sometimes. It has been found out that the qualities are not
being maintained as expected. Even after customers has purchased goods and
print out their receipt.
Task 1
a) Environment of the e-business and business transaction types
The internet and information communication technology play important role for
increasing productivity and economic growth. There are two types Internet based
technologies which are internet, intranet and extranet reduce cost and open new
market opportunities for the organisation. Concord Textile Ltd. is a clothing

organization based in the UK. Operating its business offline. But, due to changes
reoccurring in the business environment these has increase competition in the
clothing industry. For the purpose to increase sales, Concord industry has move
toward e-commerce and e-business technologies in order to improve business
operations (Chaudhury and Kuilboer, 2001).
For real e-business implementation, environment needed for Concord
Textile Ltd these as follows: From the firm point of view ,corporate websites with
e-commerce facilities, intranet and IT-employees will be required to manage the
information flow of clothing business-commerce system will require integrating
online business activities including sales, marketing and supply chain
management etc. in an appropriate manner. Reliable internet infrastructure,
banking institution (processing credit card payment), third party authentication is
required to successfully execute online transactions. Legal government
framework necessitates electronic documents and signature etc. and cost
efficient transport facilities also needed for small packages delivery (Porter,
2001).
Examples of two Business transaction types are Brokerage model and
community model.
Business to business model: this type of transaction is used by the
organization in the virtual market place to make a global network between
sellers. They charge fees for each transaction e.g. E-bay websites link are
provided for selling and buying products (Daniel and Wilson, 2003).
Business to customer model: It is based on the user utility and subscription
fee charged for premium services and high amount of time is required to execute
transactions. Newsletters, chat rooms and discussion lists are important tools of
this model. Concord Textile Ltd. can use this social marketing for its business in
order to increase sales as well as improve relations with their partners and
suppliers for textiles etc.
Customer to customer model: C2C model can be used by the enterprise to make
a global network between customers. By developing web-site and implement
customer relationship management (CRM) technique, an enterprise can be able
to improve its business and maintain better relationship with customers
Customer to business model: In this model, customer create value of business
through consume products and services of firm. It connects large people

together through bidirectional network.
b) Benefits and barriers to a business in online presence
E business offers the customers the litheness of 24X7 services from any place
around the world (Davis and Olson, 2012).
Consumers can now handle their payment system and purchasing process
portfolios accurate from the reassure of their homes. In addition, different kinds
of online cash payment system provide the maximum time saving opportunity
and avoid physical visiting in terms of purchasing any product.
E-business has some shortfalls too. The anxiety of cyber bother and online
deception is lingering the online business and transaction at a risk sometimes.
Sometimes it has been also found that the qualities are not being maintained
highly. Even right after the purchase customers get receipted (Ascoly et al,
2006).
It will help them to conduct day to day business operation and run the business
activities. The client or the customers will have the facility to provide cash by
using credit card, online banking system or different kinds of online cash
payment system that provides the maximum time saving opportunity and avoid
physical visiting in terms of purchasing any product.
So it would be a great challenge for Concord Textile Ltd to ensure the quality of
the product even when they are selling products online. The company has to be
more careful about online business promotion and campaign (Baker and Hart,
2007).
Website of Concord Textile will develop to meet all the requirement of the visitors
and consumers. There is nothing unusual in the website that can hamper the
social value, and no personnel interactions would be displayed there. There is a
place for comments about the product review. This part is monitored by the
Concord staff to ensure there are nothing bad comments that can hamper the
visitor’s social and family status.

c) Securities and legislative issues facing in online business
When Concord Textile Ltd will run their business online then they will face
security related threats including malware and viruses, physical data thefts,
wireless security, disgruntled employees threat etc. Viruses, worms, and other
malware can create problems during online transaction and reduce efficiency of
the system (Earl, 2000).
Along with this, legislation related to internet policies (trademark and copy
right infringement risks), legal protection laws like National conference of
commissioners on Uniforms state laws (digital signature and encrypt legislation)
can affect the clothing business. By considering these security practices,
organization would be able to make e-commerce and e-business activities
simpler, safer and more reliable. Clothing organization should prepare for active
malicious threats which infect computers and steal information of customer. The
enterprise should use password to secure their wireless networks from outsiders.
Hence, textile organization should overcome security related threats by
considering internet and email polices and privacy & security related policies in
their business (Joshi and Phippen, 2004).
d) Modes of communication in e-business and application
There are different types of the communication methods would be available for
Concord Textile Ltd to successful run clothing business online including E-mail,
instant messaging, video-chat, blogs, social networks, shopping carts etc.
Electronic fund transfer and Electronic data interchange techniques would be
available to the organization, so that firm can receive/pay money and execute
online transaction with suppliers and customers in the better manner.
E.g. through developing website, textile firm can be able to provide shopping cart
facility to their customers, so that enterprise can sale its products online and
penetrate more clients towards its brands and it will also maintain better relations
with business partners and stakeholders to expand its retail sales (Castells,
2001). By creating features of social networking sites including face-book, twitter
and linked in, an organization can communicate with their businesses, celebrities
and customers to solve their queries and fulfill their demands in an appropriate
manner

Task 2
a) Internet and its importance
Concord Textile Ltd can employ intranet, extranet, client server system, wireless
communication, packet switching system and Electronic fund transfer related
internet technologies to make e-business more successful. E.g. Packet switching
would be beneficial for the enterprise to communicate message over the internet
and it can be used for setup of a dedicated connection between business
partners and they will be able to send more than 2 MB of data at stipulate
time.By using this technique, thousands of the employees around the world can
log into the company network at the same time. On the other hand, EFT and EDI
techniques will be helpful for the enterprise in online data exchange and fund
transfer in an appropriate manner. The textile organization can also use extranet
to develop their private network to share information in a more secure way
(Cassidy, 2005). TCP/IP, HTTP, and database HTML/XML and WEB application
server technologies would be advantageous for the enterprise to set-up IT
infrastructure in making an e-business successful.
b) Main features of HTTP and FTP
Hypertext markup language is used to construct static webpage and it contains
small markup tags. HTML language has several features including Elegant forms
(create web-forms more lucrative), Mutuality (used for supports stream video
and high quality of video), Client -Side database (session storage and local
storage to store cookie) and user friendly web-page (drag and drop feature) and
accessibility (web-page design in structured manner so coding part will be
simple).
<Html>
<head>
**It shows the document head of the web-page**
<title> Concord Textile Ltd </title>
** It appears in the title bars**

</head>
The document body section contains all the information about the content
which are loaded on the web-page.
<body>
**It is basic structure of the HTML language and all elements are nested within
the start and end statement**.
<font face-= " times new roman " size = "4" color=" green">
**This text is use to set the font size, type and color of the web-page**.
<imgsrc= "pic_mountain.jpg" alt=mount view" style="Width :304px; height:
228px">
**This tag is used in HTML to display the image in the form or set background
image in a proper manner**.
Concord Textile Ltd is a clothing company and offers variety of the products for
kinds, men and women.It wants to expand their retail sales with help of e-
business and e-commerce.
</font>
</body>
</html>.
c) Functions of client server and browser and role of search engine
Client server is the powerful computer that serves the client, serves like print
service, web service, file service and dhcp or network services etc. Clients
depend on server for using resources and for using the server they need to
request on the server. For requesting the server to serve, they need browser.
Figure Client Server Model
Three-tier architecture would be beneficial for the Concord Textile Ltd in which
client layer can be used to design front web-page of the website. The layer is
used to define textbox, labels, and images and load the contents of website.
Business layer would be useful for the enterprise to make fast communication
between client and data layer and it provides business logic for the access of
data (Adams and et.al. 2001).Data layer can be employed by the firm to store
information of the customers, business partners and employee in a secure
manner. The main feature of the web-server is to increase browser compatibility

and data storage. On the other hand, browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla,
Safari and Google chrome are used to send information to server and vice
versa. It is working as the mediator between clients and servers. Functions of the
web-browser are sending /receiving information from the server, store
information and provide interaction between clients and servers. Role of the
Search engine can be explained as follows: Crawling (find website addresses
and performing locating, storing and sorting functions), Indexing (Search specific
content on the Internet) and Storage (large amount of data storage in a proper
manner) etc.
d) Intranet and extranet for business communication
Intranet is the local area network (LAN) of the business. It is the internal
communication between the company employees. Like employees are using
workstation and using the business resources internally and all the traffic are
generated among the local staffs. All the work stations are connected to each
other using a switch and no public is required for intranet.
Extranet is controlled private network using internet, extranet helps Concord
Textile Ltd users to use internet traffic. It is an external traffic requested by the
client for using internet or data.
For extranet they need to use Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies. They
need to use a router and public IP as well as firewall for using extranet and it’s
not a local traffic (Ascoly et al, 2006). To communicate between one office and
the other over it is necessary.
Task 3
a) Different distributor/procedure model
Distribute process used by e-bay and Amazon is beneficial for Concord Textile
Ltd in managing supply chain management related activities and manages better
relationship with its suppliers. This model will help firm in generating revenue
and fulfilling the needs of the customers in a proper manner.

Figure 3: Distribution model
(Source: Cassidy, 2005)
Concord Textile Ltd can employ this model to sell clothing products and increase
profit margin.. The company has done partnership with local enterprise of India
to keep the production price low and provide various ranges of the products. By
using this model, it can easily improve relation with its business partners and
textiles suppliers to enhance the retail sales (Chaffey, 2007).
On the other hand, B2C business model can be used by the Textile
organization to directly communication with customers and sell their clothes
online in an appropriate manner. E.g. Amazon and bestbookbuys.com used this
model to offer a wide range of products to their customers (Alter, 2001).
.
b) Analysis of each model to generate revenue
B2C Model
B2C is the business to consumer model that sells the products directly to the
retailer in online like Amazon.com.
B2B Model
Business to business involves in trading the product to other business authority
through internet. Thus as it is direct sales approach so it generate revenue well.
C2B Model
C2B is unique model where customer creates value and then sells it to the
business, for shopping business it is much popular as it increases the sales.
C2C Model
This model is getting popularity now-a-days becuse consumers are the buyers
and sellers and both party get benefited.

c) Future model of e-business
Business strategies are now being changed. Customer wants to get the product
at his home. Due to the large growth of the internet technologies, e-business
become is getting so much popular.
E- Business refers to the process of electronic business carried out over the
internet which not only indicates the process of buying and selling but also refers
to the process of accumulating the target group of customers and to collaborate
with the required business partner.
Video, picture and audio files are also supported in the HTML structure. By
creating this page anyone can become the active member of the World Wide
Web. Website of Concord Textile will develop to meet all the requirement of the
visitors. There is nothing unusual in the website that can hamper the social
value, and nothing personnel interactions would not displayed here.
4.1 The key elements of a good website are mentioned below as:
·Appearance- Every website is required to be well polished and professional in
every aspects. Concord
·Textile Ltd, should considered the fact that the website will reflect the company
along with all its products and services. Therefore, it needs to be very attractive
in order to make lasting impression on the mind of all viewers. Concord
·Textile Ltd, can make its website attractive by using effective colour scheme
and combination. In addition to this, it needs to make sure that the text in website
consist of easy read combination. Graphics play a very important role in website
and thus Concord
·Textile Ltd, is required use meaningful graphics at the time of developing its
website.
·Content- Concord
·Textile Ltd, needs to become aware of the fact that along with effective
appearance, the website should have appropriate content. The organization
needs to upload content or information which can assist them in making
appropriate decision. Along with this, Concord
·Textile Ltd, will also require to update its content at regular intervals in order to
make its website more effective.
·Functions- All then functions and component of website needs to work quickly
as well as in correct manner. Concord
·Textile Ltd, needs to ensure the fact that its website do not feature poor
functionality which further can results in dissatisfaction among all the visitors.

·Search engine optimizer- The search engine optimizer is also a very important
element of an good website. Concord
·Textile Ltd, can ensure this fact by including adequate content in format of
HTML. Other than this, important key words can be used at regular intervals to
make the website more and more effective.
4.2 The impact of a well-designed website on an e-business.
Good and attractive website design has an direct impact on the sales and
profitability of any business. When customers visit the website of an e-business
then they try to give opinion and views about the products and services offered
by a particular e business. A good website is always able to attract more and
more visitors. Further it can be stated that more visitors can will results in
increasing sales and profitability of the e-business. This other than this, a well
designed website also helps in retaining customers and visitors. Attractive
website and good information can help e-businesses to develop a sense of
satisfaction among all its visitors. On the other hand, content is considered as
king of any website focused and concise content helps in meeting the need and
expectation of all visitors. Effective website are also able to enhance the
experience of visitors of the e-business.
4.3 The issues concerning website usability
One of the most common issue of challenge which is faced at the time of
using website is the mistakes which are found very commonly. Every
organization needs to make sure that its website do not have any kind of
problem associated with usability . The visitors not only get frustrated but are
also encouraged not to visit the website again of they find any kind of usability
issues in the same. The main issues in aspect of website usability is of poor site
navigation which enhances the degree of dissatisfaction among all the visitors.
Other than this, poor readability is another issues which has been faced by
visitors at the time of the using a particular website. Sometimes, website
developers also use images which do have any kind of relationship with the
context in text of the website. Visitors are not able to judge the use of images
that are not linked with the text. Poor formatting is an another issues which has
been faced by customers while they use a particular website. Too much text,
lack of page anchors, excessive use of multimedia and advertisement are other
major issues which are associated with website usability. It can be stated that
the website developers are required to take care of all these issues in order to
attract and retain visitors.
Conclusion
The client or the customers will have the facility to provide cash by using credit
card, online banking system or different kinds of online cash payment system;
that provides the maximum time saving opportunity and avoid physical visiting in

terms of purchasing any product (Baker and Hart, 2007).
In order to introduce online business in the Concord Textile Ltd is they need to
ensure both the internal and external environment and infrastructure. It will help
them to conduct day to day business operation and run the business activities.
The client or the customers will have the facility to provide cash by using credit
card, online banking system or different kinds of online cash payment system
that provides the maximum time saving opportunity and avoid physical visiting in
terms of purchasing any product.
Reference
·Ascoly, J., M. Cafferty, S. Gruen, and O. Kohli, (2006) Code Inspection
Specification," TR-21 620, Kingston, New York: IBM System
Communication Division.
·Baker, M and Hart, S. (2007) Product Strategy and Management. FT
Prentice Hall
·Boehm, B. W., (2011) The High Cost of Software," In Practical Strategies for
Developing Large Software Systems, edited by E. Horowitz, 3-14,
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
·Boehm, B. W., (2009) A Spiral Model of Software Development and
Enhancement," Computer, 21,5: 61-72.
·Davis, G. B., and M. H. Olson, (2012) Management Information Systems:
Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and Development, New York:
McGraw-Hill,.

·Dev, C. S. & Don E. S. (2005) In the Mix: A Customer-Focused Approach
Can Bring the Current Marketing Mix into the 21st Century, Marketing
Management.
·Freedman, D. P., and G. M. Weinberg, (2011) Handbook of Walkthroughs,
Inspects, and Technical Reviews, Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
·Hollensen, S. (2011) Global Marketing-A Decision-oriented Approach,
Pearson, USA.
·Johansson, J. K. (2009) Global marketing: foreign entry, local marketing &
global management. (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
·Kerin, R. & Peterson, R. (2007) Strategic marketing problems. New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
·Lantz, K. E., (2012) The Prototyping Methodology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall,.
·Larson, R. R., (2012) Test Plan and Test Case Inspection Specifications,"
TR-21.586, Kingston, NY: IBM System Development Division.
·McCabe, T. J., and G. G. Schulmeyer, (2011) System Testing Aided by
Structured Analysis: A Practical Experience," IEEE Transactions on
Software Engineering, SE-11, 9 917-921.
·Myers, G. J. (2009) Composited/ Structured Design, New York: Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1976.
·Naumann, J. D., and A. M. Jenkins, (2010) Prototyping: The New Paradigm
for Systems Development, MIS Quarterly, 6, 3: 29-44.