Using Motivational Theories to Boost Employee Morale at Jack Discount Stores - Tesco Case Study

This report focuses on the use of motivational theories to boost up the morale of the employees at Jack Discount Stores. It discusses different motivational tools and techniques used by Tesco to make employees satisfied with their work and boost up the productivity of the organization. The report also covers different sources of finance and investment appraisal techniques for business expansion.

Coursework 1 and 2 -
Portfolio

Table of Contents
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................7
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

TASK 3
INTRODUCTION
This report focuses on the use of motivational theories to boost up the morale of the
employees (Baig and Ali, 2019). In this Tesco, is opening a jack store to compete with the Aldi
and Lidl. This store opened will be managed and funded by Tesco only. It is taken care of jack
stores maintained same values and cultures as Tesco stores. So, in these motivational theories are
used to make them satisfied with their work and at the same time it boost up the productivity of
organization. Motivated employees contribute more to the organization and work with high job
satisfaction and loyalty. So, here, Tesco is taking utmost care of employee needs and wants to
maintain their satisfaction.
MAIN BODY
Motivation:
It is the process of understanding what excites a person to contribute more to accomplish
goals or outcomes. It is important for business to keep motivation of employees high in order to
generate more profits (Gross, Malinova, and Mendling, 2019). Because motivated employees are
highly productive a more productivity leads to more profitability. There are two types of
motivation intrinsic and extrinsic. As per intrinsic motivation employees are internally motivated
to work and help in accomplishing goals and targets. Whereas, external motivation means
outside factors which includes monetary or non monetary benefits which boost their morale to
work. There is this fact, every employee has different meaning of motivation for some its money,
others its social belongingness.
Motivational theories:
In relation to jack discount stores, Tesco will use various motivational tools and
techniques to raise the motivation of employees such as:
Rewarding for their good performance : In this employee reward scheme works like miracle, it
goes a long way to motivate team members and increasing the productivity of organization.
There are number of ways through which employee morale can be raised such as, team outing or
arranging some fun activities for them (de Padua Pieroni, McAloone and Pigosso, 2019). In this
Tesco, will conduct deep analysis of what all techniques works best for team members.

Trust : it means both the parties have faith and trust on each other words. Building this aura will
positively impact the organizational reputation and boost its growth. Along with this, it will
motivate the staff members to give their best of efforts in accomplishing the goals of
organization.
Career advancement opportunities: It will help employees to grow personally as well as
professionally (Schroeder, A. and et.al., 2019). As per this, workers want to use their skills and
want to learn so many things to grow exponentially in all areas. So, as per this, Tesco has to
come up with the expectations of employees and allow them to build their career by giving them
opportunities of decision making and learning.
Maslow needs hierarchy theory:
In relation to jack discount stores, Tesco is using this motivational theory to influence
workers. This is one of the mostly implemented theories in the organization. Here, the needs of
employees are arranged in sequence. It goes like this,
 Physiological needs: this includes all the basic needs of workers such as food, shelter,
water and so on.
 Safety and security needs: this includes all kind of funds and grants contribution from
employers and employees for their safe future. In this, companies have policies regarding
contributing in various pension and employees security schemes which make them feel
safe (Teng and Zhang, 2018).
 Social needs: these are social requirements of workers. As they want love, friendship,
trust with other workers. So, Tesco has to take care of the fact take they are holding some
interesting activities and discussions on consistent basis which will help them to interact
with each other and fulfill their social needs.
 Self esteem needs: It is used by the organizations to boost up their confidence and
improve their productivity. As it includes, rewarding and recognizing employees for their
good work done, as well as appreciating workers for their work will help to boost up the
morale of employees.
 Self actualization needs: it is a need which is fulfilled by giving them the opportunities
of fulfilling the purpose due to which they are working.
So, satisfaction of all these will fulfill their needs and wants of jack stores workforce. All of
these will help them to contribute more and work on to improving their productivity (Fransen

and et.al., 2018). Therefore, management has to be aware of all needs and wants of employees
and fulfilled these on timely basis. Non fulfillment of these will demotivate workers and they
will be less interested to work. Besides this, they will not work with zeal which will ultimately
lower the productivity of workforce.
Mc Clelland’s thory of motivation:
As per this theory it has three motivation drivers that has no criteria of gender and age.
All employees are different and as per that their motivation can differ. So, Tesco plc is using this
theory while conducting the operations of business concern. These three motivational drivers
discussed here are,
 Achievement: as per this, it includes the ones who wants to take responsibility and work
hard to accomplish the goals of organization. Moreover, they are goal oriented and want
to stand apart of its competitions. So, for them motivation is accomplishing tasks on time
and getting appreciation for that.
 Affiliation: As per this factor, some people crave for love, belongingness, friendship at
workplace. They love to become part of social gatherings and avoid any kind of conflicts
(Vargas-Salfate and et.al., 2018).
 Power: It means some gets motivated by putting control on their own work or work of
others. In addition to this, they are the ones who gets motivated by exercising power and
influence over others.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it is concluded, Tesco will be using motivational tools and
techniques to boost up the motivation of employees. It will ultimately satisfy the needs and wants
of workforce and improve the productivity of concern. These motivational tools are drivers in
boosting up the profits of organization and urges workers to work with full enthusiasm.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Gross, S., Malinova, M. and Mendling, J., 2019, January. Navigating through the maze of
business process change methods. In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii international
conference on system sciences.
de Padua Pieroni, M., McAloone, T. and Pigosso, D., 2019, July. Business model innovation for
circular economy: integrating literature and practice into a conceptual process model.
In Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering
Design (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 2517-2526). Cambridge University Press.
Schroeder, A. and et.al., 2019. Capturing the benefits of industry 4.0: a business network
perspective. Production Planning & Control, 30(16), pp.1305-1321.
Teng, L.S. and Zhang, L.J., 2018. Effects of motivational regulation strategies on writing
performance: A mediation model of self-regulated learning of writing in English as a
second/foreign language. Metacognition and Learning. 13(2). pp.213-240.
Fransen, K. and et.al., 2018. The power of competence support: The impact of coaches and
athlete leaders on intrinsic motivation and performance. Scandinavian Journal of
Medicine & Science in Sports. 28(2). pp.725-745.
Vargas-Salfate, S. and et.al., 2018. A comparison of social dominance theory and system
justification: The role of social status in 19 nations. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin. 44(7). pp.1060-1076.

TASK 4
INTRODUCTION
Business investment are the accounting assets that are purchased with the view to earn money
with their use (Cui and et.al., 2020). For example, a commercial vehicle is purchased by the
business for the transportation of gods from one place to another. Zylla Ltd. provides river
crossing services for the passengers, goods and vehicles. To cater the demand of the market the
company wants to expand its business process by purchasing ferries. The report is divided into
two parts, first part aides the Board of Directors about different short and long term source of
finances. And the second section is all about the different investment appraisal tools to check
whether the project is feasible or not.
MAIN BODY
1. Sources of fund to maintain the working needs and for purchase of ferries.
Sources of finance are used by the organisation to meet their short and long term finance
requirements (Wong and et.al., 2019). It depends on organisation to organisation basis that for
what purpose it wants to finance. In the following case Zylla limited finance requirement can be
fulfilled through different sources of finance. Following are the modes through which company
can source its fund:-
Long term finance :-
Issue of Share:- The organization can issue Equity Shares in the general public so that
then can buy and company can arrange funds. There is no need to pay it back as the share holders
are the owners of the business and there is no need to pay any interest to them. They are only
entitled for the share in the profit of the company.
Debentures:- It is another source of long term finance through which the business is
able to get finance and have to pay a fix interest for a specific period of time. This fund can be
used to finance the ferries. As the organisation has to pay a interest lower than the banks and also
does not have to offer ownership in the business.
Short term finance:-
Loans from Banks:- Organization can take loans from the banks and repay a fix sum of
amount(principal and interest) . The company has to repay the amount in fixed span of time.

Trade Credit:- It is provided by the raw material and goods supplier of the organisation.
The management can finance its short term finance by trade credit and use the money for the
sum left with organisation for the purchase of ferries. But it is not a feasible way of funding as it
would affect the short term finance of the business.
1.Evaluation of different appraisal techniques
It mainly describes the the performance of the new project. When a business gets a idea of
expansion the first thing that comes in mind of an investors is the how much profitable the new
idea is and which project among all will the most feasible as per the investment it requires. To
help the management in knowing the most viable idea that suits suits all the objectives of the
business. These techniques are payback period, internal rate of return, net present value,
accounting rate of return, etc. Following are the investment appraisal techniques:-
Payback Period(PBP)
This techniques is used to know the period in which the initial investment would be recovered if
they invest in the project (Delen and Ram, 2018).
YEAR ANNUAL CASH FLOW CUMULATIVE CASH
FLOW
0 ( Initial Investment ) -150000 -150000
1 55230 -94770
2 70045 -24725
3 88375 63650
4 79870 143520
5 102555 246075
Note: The amount of 45,000 which is the sale of decommissioned ferry is being included in the
cash flows of the year in which it is being sold.
Payback Period = The period up to n-1 + cumulative cash flow in n-1 year / Cash inflow
during the nth year
n=year in which cumulative cash flow turned positive
Payback Period of Ferry = 2 + 24725 / 88375

= 2 + 0.27
= 2 Years and 2.7 Months
Payback Period of Ferry is 2 years and 2.7 Months
Net present value(NPV)
This is another technique for investment appraisal, it states the present value of the returns the
business will get in the future by investing in the project (Bocken and et.al., 2018). This refers to
the present value of the future cash flows of the project.
Cash Flows of Ferry PV factor PV Cash Flows
55230 0.'971 53628.33
70045 0.'943 66052.43
88375 0.'915 80863.12
79870 0.'888 70924.56
102555 0.'863 88504.96
TOTAL 359973.4
Note: The amount of 45,000 which is the sale of decommissioned ferry is being included in the
cash flows of the year in which it is being sold.
Net Present Value of Ferry = Total of PV Cash Flows – Initial Investment
= 359973.4 – 150000
= 209973.4
The Net Present Value of Ferry is $ 209973.4
Accounting rate of Return(ARR)
This technique is discounting cash flow technique which states the rate of return the organisation
will earn from the project (Lin, 2018).
Accounting Rate of Return = Average Cash Inflow / Average Investment
= {( 55230 + 70045 + 88375 + 79870 + 57555) / 5 } / [(150000 – 45000) / 2]
= (351075 / 5) / (105000 / 2)

= 70215 / 52500
= 1.33 %
From the above calculations it can be interpreted that it is highly beneficial for Zylla to make the
investment in the Ferry. The business is able to earn a profit of $ 209973.4 on its investment of £
150000 which is a great aspect for the business.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that business growth is a major part of any business's
success. The business of zylla is now aware if they should invest in a new ferry or not. The
above document discusses about how short and long term point of finance helps the enterprise to
maintain its fluidity and investing aspects. The assorted investment assessment techniques show
how Ferry is a viable project to invest in.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Baig, W. and Ali, H.M., 2019. An experimental investigation of performance of a double pass
solar air heater with foam aluminum thermal storage medium. Case Studies in Thermal
Engineering. 14. p.100440.
Bocken, N.M. And et.al., 2018. Pay-per-use business models as a driver for sustainable
consumption: Evidence from the case of HOMIE. Journal of Cleaner Production. 198.
pp.498-510
Cui, L. and et.al., 2020. Environmental remediation of the difficult-to-return zone in Tomioka
Town, Fukushima Prefecture. Scientific reports. 10(1). pp.1-8.
Delen, D. and Ram, S., 2018. Research challenges and opportunities in business
analytics. Journal of Business Analytics. 1(1). pp.2-12.
Lin, P., 2018. Adapting to the new business environment: The rise of software robots in the
workplace. The CPA Journal. 88(12). pp.60-63.
Wong, L.A. And et.al., 2019. Review on the optimal placement, sizing and control of an energy
storage system in the distribution network. Journal of Energy Storage. 21. pp.489-504.