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MODULE 2
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 4
Lesson 4
Exercise on the Uses of Learning Theories
1. Observe a group of people (students, teachers, others) undergoing
training or instruction or engaging in an activity. Note and list at
least three (3) instances where classical conditioning has taken
place. Explain why you consider such as examples of conditioning.
You may show Pavlov’s experimental procedure and explain the
contiguity principle underlying the classical conditioning theory of
learning (NOTE: PASTE PICTURES TO DOCUMENT THE ACTIVITY YOU
HAVE OBSERVED)Date:
First Activity: The teacher enters into the classroom, all the
students get up to wish him. He hands over white sheets to all
the students of the class and asks each student to draw a
picture of what comes in their mind first whenever they think
of the chapter in literature they have studied. The time he
gives to all the girls are 20 mins (maximum).
Participants: The participants are all the students of the class
(fourth standard)
Examples of Classical Conditioning: The examples of classical
conditioning that is seen in the respective activities are
provided hereafter.
1. The teacher over here has given the children a typical
positive environment in the classroom where the children
are able to overcome any kind of anxiety, reluctance or
fear. The teacher in the particular scenario has presented
the students with an optimistic outlook and manner and has
told them that whatever they might draw, good or bad,
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would be accepted and acknowledged without any
reluctance or discrimination. Such attitude has conditioned
the students positivity in their mind and they have been
ready to give their best performance.
2. Tone: One of the most customary stimulus for the students
is the tone with which the tutor or the mentor addressses
the students. For making the classroom environment more
positive and serious. In the respective scene, the tone of
the mentor seems to be friendly and positive. The tone by
which he has addressed the girls is important to understand
the classical conditioning the students have been subjected
to. The tone of the tutor has made the class assertive and
interested to carry out the fun and frolic filled activity
based on the literature chapter that they have studied.
3. Ringing of the bell heraling time span: While the activity
was being given, the ringing of the bell at the beginning of
the activity heralded that it is the starting time. After 20
mins, the ringing of the bell again meant that it was the
time to quit the activity and submit the work to the teacher.
The stimulus that follows after the girls hear the ringing of
the bell also signifies that it is a quintessential case of
classical conditioning where the students have been
conditioned to believe that after the bell has rung, its exact
time to start or to stop. Therefore, it is one of the most
customary classical conditioning case that the classroom
has experienced in the respective activity.
Date:
Second Activity: The science teacher enters the classroom. All
the students get up to wish her. She instructs the children to
take their seats. She asks the children to take out their
classwork copies and write down five questions related to
“animal kingdom” that they find to be interesting and want to
know more about it. She gives the students access to internet
and 30 minutes time to cover the entire assignment.
Participants: The participants are all the students of the class
(fourth standard)
Examples of Classical Conditioning: the examples of classical
conditioning that is seen in the respective activities are
provided hereafter.
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1. Bringing a cane: The science teacher is highly concerned
about the discipline of the classroom. Therefore, in order to
keep the unruly children in a proper way, she brings cane to
the classroom. Whenever she enters into the classroom on a
daily basis, she brings cane with her in order to show the
students how serious she is in her disposition. By looking at
the cane, the girls are a little perturbed and a sense of fear
enters into their mind. This is a typical example of a
classical conditioning behavior in a classroom environment.
2. Bringing goldfish crackers to the classroom: The science
teacher knows the history of the class. She knows that
sometimes being harsh towards the beautiful children can
causse issues. She brings goldfish crackers with her in order
to psychologically lure the students to do the work. When
the teacher entered into the class with the goldfish crackers
with her, the students realized that they would be rewarded
for their assignment. So, a sense of positivity and interest
enters into the mind of the students and they become
enthusiastic to work.
3. Ringing bell for lunch: While the activity was being given,
the ringing of the bell at the beginning of the activity
heralded that it is the starting time. After 30 mins, the
ringing of the bell again meant that it was the time to quit
the activity for lunch and submit the work to the teacher.
The stimulus that follows after the girls hear the ringing of
the bell also signifies that it is a quintessential case of
classical conditioning where the students have been
conditioned to believe that after the bell has rung, its exact
time to start or to stop.
Date:
Third Activity: The English teacher enters the classroom. All
the students get up to wish her. She instructs the children to
take out dictionaries and find out 3 words that are completely
new and make five different sentences with the chosen three
words. She gives 45 minutes time to the students to complete
their work.
Participants: The participants are all the students of the class
(fourth standard)
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Examples of Classical Conditioning
The examples of classical conditionings are:
1. When the students get up to wish the teacher: it has
become a norm in the schools to wish a teacher whenever
he/she enters into the room. It is a quintessential example
of classical conditioning because the very presence of the
teacher makes the student realize the importance and
solemnity of the situation.
2. Bell that rings before lunchbreak: When the kids are hungry
during their school hours and if they like the food they must
be carrying that day, the sound of the ringing of the bell is
enough to cause them salivate in their mouth after the
classes are over and it is the time of break period. It is a
typical example of classical conditioning in teaching.
3. Bell that rings after the school is over: If the children are
tired and need to get back home to their parents, the
ringing of the dispersal bell alleviates their mood from drab
mood to a better one as they understand that they are now
free from the classes and have the fortune to go back to
their homes to their caregivers.
2. Read thoroughly about the experiment of John B. Watson on a baby
named Albert who was conditioned to fear a small white rat by
pairing the sight of the rat with a loud noise. Why was the
experiment ethically questionable?
Ans: The experiment of classical conditioning by John B. Watson was
ethically questionable and dubious because it did not protect the little
Albert (who was a nine month old infant) from psychological harm because
the purpose of the experiment was to induce fear and taking a human to
experiment it is completely immoral and goes against the principles of
humanity. Many theorists have also claimed that the infant was taken for
the experiment without his mother’s consent.
3. List some ways in which the following individuals can utilize or
benefit from classical conditioning as a learning theory.
a. Policy-Makers : The educationists and educational policy
makers can benefit from classical conditioning. They can
incorporate certain aspects of classical conditioning in
pedagogical skills in curriculums and syllabi. Certain subjects
such as mathematics and literature can be made interesting by
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