Analysis of National Waste Policy 2019 in Australia

This report analyses the National Waste Policy 2019 in Australia, discussing its development, key stakeholders, outcomes, strengths, challenges and recommendations. The policy aims to provide a framework for waste and resource recovery in Australia, with a collective, national action on recycling, waste management and resource recovery to 2030.

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Introduction/Background
There were various burden of diseases and risk factors before implementation of national
waste policy such as, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses,
Tuberculosis, diarrhoea and pneumonia were extensive list of diseases and infections spread
through bio-medical waste. Some of the risk factor that were present before implementation
of policy such as, social factors, technical factors and environmental factors.(Halkos &
Petrou, (2019)) Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus on health-related issues is that
it targets the immune system which the virus destroy the functions of immune cells and
gradually become immunodeficient. HIV spread on each other as it sexual transmitted disease
and it spread through sharing of needles, syringes and through transmission of blood which
cause impact on population. In this report there will be discussion on how policy was
developed and with key stakeholders, also a outcomes and strengths of policy on successful
achievement, lastly 2 strategies that were unsuccessful in policy.
Policy analysis
Discuss how the policy was developed? Who were the key stakeholders in
this development and what were their role?
The national waste policy provides a framework for waste and resources recovery in
Australia, it also provide a collective, national action on recycling, waste management and
resource recovery to 2030. (Herat, (2021)) The policy was developed through the ban of
exports of waste plastic, tyres, paper and glass as banning them while increasing countries
capacity to generate the use of high value recycled commodities will help in increasing
recovery rate and produce more high quality material to reuse. Also by phasing out the
problematic and unnecessary plastics, government can use their purchasing power to increase

recycling and improvement in data collection & information sharing about the waste
management helped in developing the national waste policy. (Islam & Huda, (2019)) The key
stakeholders in this development policy are businesses, government, communities and
individuals with their own role on implementation of the policy such as for businesses
increase use of recycled material in production an build a demand for recycled in products in
market. For government as they can oversee that the policy is properly being followed and
implemented through out the country with related policies for successful implementation.
Describe the expected outcomes and the strengths of the policy based on its
successful achievements?
The expected outcomes on successful achievement of the policy were-
 It improves in air and water quality with reduce in greenhouse gas emissions.
 Due to policy it minimise the extraction of resource with reduction of pollution and
energy consumption which generally cause by manufacturer.
 The most significant changes that happen is that it protect the environment and health
of the population in long term period.
 It also reduce with protection of natural resources includes minerals, water and wood
through reusing, reducing and recycling.
The national waste policy has some significant changes which led to its successful
achievement with its core strengths that help in success.(Mahmoudi, Huda & Behnia, (2019))
The plan has a strong base through which it reduce waste and make productive use of waste
as resources and as the national action plan is developed and agreed by Australia businesses
and industry through the Australian packaging covenant organisation that help to separate
policies committed by each state and territory jurisdiction. Through the strong base of the
action plan with proper support it ensures the success of the national waste policy
establishment and achievement with future success.

Discuss 2 challenges or strategies that have been less successful or
unsuccessful related to the policy.
National waste policy has some core strength with successful achievement, but it
faced some challenges during the implementation which were unsuccessful such as. (King &
Boxall, (2019)) There are around 75 million tonnes of waste generating of which around 57%
were recycled in national waste policy which is less than 80% target based in action plan,
Due to which the action plan is not being fully achieved.
 There were constraints on collection and processing of recyclable waste that includes
product design and insufficient demand that leads to end up in landfill, contribution to
shortfall. Due to which the recycling waste were not getting in use by manufacture
because of low demand of recycling products and end in dump yard which cause
more wastage and cause health problems.
 There were less of recovery facilities in process which are causing highly
contaminated waste particularly in remote and regional areas of Australia, because of
under-developed domestic reuse markets which result on export of waste in
international markets. With limited landfill capacity and sorting facilities impact on
increasing logistics costs to waste which are being transferred to distance for
processing and disposal.
Recommendations and conclusions
Provide 3 evidence-based recommendations to improve the implementation
and/or efficacy of the policy based on your policy analysis.
From the above report appropriate recommendations to improve implementation of
national waste policy are such as, government should focus more on creating compost site
and increase the capacity of landfill for separating recyclable products for further production
in manufacturing. (Griffin & Nishido, (2020))Government should implement more policies
related to waste management for businesses and every other individual which will led to
increase in reuse and recycle of products rather than throwing them. Businesses should focus
on creating more demand of recyclable products in market which will help in creating uses
more recyclable products, and also businesses should focus on using of electronic media
instead of printing which will help in decreasing uses of natural resource and preserve them

for future aspects.
From the above report it is concluded that national waste management policy is
implemented successfully and achieving goals and objectives of action plan 2019 Australia,
as policy banned export of waste which cause result in less wastage and more recyclable,
reusable and reduce of plastic based products. Also due to implementation the uses of natural
resource got reduce which is beneficial for future aspects, and national waste management
policy has some strong core strength and positive outcomes for successful achievement. With
some positive there were some challenges that were causing some drawbacks in action plan
which government can resolve by implementation some appropriate solutions.

REFERENCES
Book and Journal
Halkos, G., & Petrou, K. N. (2019). Assessing 28 EU member states' environmental
efficiency in national waste generation with DEA. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 208, 509-521.
Islam, M. T., & Huda, N. (2019). E-waste in Australia: generation estimation and untapped
material recovery and revenue potential. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237,
117787.
Mahmoudi, S., Huda, N., & Behnia, M. (2019). Photovoltaic waste assessment: Forecasting
and screening of emerging waste in Australia. Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, 146, 192-205.
King, S., & Boxall, N. J. (2019). Lithium battery recycling in Australia: Defining the status
and identifying opportunities for the development of a new industry. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 215, 1279-1287.
Herat, S. (2021). Application of Circular Economy towards Waste Management and
Resource Recovery in Australia. 심심심심, 2021(1), 137-138.
Griffin, D., & Nishido, T. (2020). The case for establishing a National Energy from Waste
policy. AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENT REVIEW, 34(9/10), 216-221.