Negotiation: A Technique for Settling Differences

This document provides an overview of negotiation as a technique for settling differences and reaching agreements. It explores the concept of negotiation in various contexts, such as business, personal, and organizational situations. The document also discusses the skills and rules involved in negotiation and highlights the importance of flexibility and understanding in the negotiation process.

Running head: NEGOTIATION
Negotiation

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Introduction
Negotiation is a technique where an individual settles the differences. It is a procedure
through compromise and agreement is reached when eliminating disputes and arguments. In
any disagreements, an individual can aid to attain the best possible result for their position. In
a business scenario, negotiation can be done with the boss regarding raising salary.
Furthermore, negotiation could be used by customers for negotiating on products and services
(do Prado and Martinelli, 2018). Another example of negotiation is desired price and group of
oil and mining corporations to develop a proposal for addressing the joint venture in the
exploration of offshore oil and international affairs of US and Soviet Union. For making
negotiation, a negotiator can seek to make agreement on nuclear weapons; negotiation amid
nations on WTO accession as well as lovers may negotiate from each other regarding the
places for hanging out and food choices (Hanegraaff, 2015).
All these are considered in the negotiation. Thus, it can be evaluated that negotiation is not a
procedure reserved only for a skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate for an
organized lobby. It is something that everyone does, almost daily (Dinnar and Susskind,
2018). There are different circumstances existed where an individual has requirement of
negotiation, but high amount of condition is not related to negotiation in daily routine
because it may be related to routine affair (Lyu, and Hwang, 2017).
It is evaluated that negotiation can happen in daily routine, but how to attain significant
negotiation is a complex task. Particularly, in business, requirement of each company is to
maximize the revenue. This relied on political, and negotiation of joint venture in market
(Brett, 2017). Economic negotiation is only diverse, really rich and endorses its significant
role as development of social construction with the higher extents, commodity launching at a
higher amount, and interactions may be existed on strong nationalized range but also in

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across the globe. With respect to integration, negotiation is more developed as well as more
complicated (Beamish and Lupton, 2016).
‘Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or
ardent advocate for an organized lobby; it is something that everyone does, almost
daily’
Negotiation is a procedure where two or more parties have their own goals and perspectives
as well as coordinates their interested area by compromise and concession in order to make
an agreement. It is also used to take a joint decision regarding areas of common issues in a
situation where both of side does not want to use the power (Davies, et. al., 2016).
Negotiation is a discussion amid more than two disputants who making efforts to work on the
solution of particular issues. It indicates that when issues have not been dealt effectively then
negotiation procedure has not attained (Pittl, Mach, and Schikuta, 2016). It is created while
two and set of individuals wish to distribute basket of mangoes that are very valuable and
rare, but they may wish to distribute more. Furthermore, sophisticated individuals cannot go
back in using violence and focus on making negotiation (Gjerald and Lyngstad, 2015).
According to Lügger et al. (2015), negotiation is the procedure where two and more parties
share their ideas on particular products and services and making efforts for agreeing on
exchange rate for them. Through the negotiation, common awareness would be developed
and solutions will be most satisfied. Negotiation can be used to develop a relationship amid
the parties and it may lead to understanding as well as respect others in depth when both
parties wish to keep long-term liaisons.
In contrast to this Lügger et al. (2015) stated that negotiation is the basic technique to attain
what individual desires from mothers. It is a communication procedure that is designed to
make a contract amongst parties. These parties have the authority of sharing and get the
advantageous (Friis, et. al., 2015). Negotiation situation has basically the same objective such

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as negotiation during war among nation; negotiate for the business agreement among seller
and purchasers, and labor condition between labor and management (Abigail, Eden, and
Ideris, 2018). Negotiation could be used in finding a sponsor company for huge events that
involve the apportion benefits and resolving the conflicts. The different expression, as well as
terminology, could be practiced in resolving the conflicts and meeting the needs and desires
(Son, Leu, and Long, 2016). Equivalent to expect position where parties wish to resolve the
conflicts and the needs are corresponds to basic advantageous of their own then negotiation
can be developed. The negotiators may demonstrate different desire as per the prospective
distribution of benefits. Under the global business, negotiation is an obligatory practice that is
specifically significant (Zhao and Nie, 2015).
Negotiation is created wherever needs of resolving the personal conflicts, attaining the
demand, developing agreement and keeping the relationships. Each individual wants to
contribute to the decision but, very few individuals accept the decision that is developed by
others (Burnette, 2015). An individual who does not like an individual may negotiate to
resolve the difference. In the existing scenario, negotiation may be highly used and it can be
performed in the darkness, lights and in the conference (Thomas, et. al., 2018). Negotiation
could be used in different manners such as diplomatic, political, business and military.
While considering the negotiation, negotiators should address workflow as compared to the
game. There is a different situation that can be dealt with by negotiation. Following are a
certain aspect of negotiation:
Personal situation: An individual client can make huge negotiation in terms of buying a
house, car and other precious assets (Thompson, et. al., 2018).
Organizational circumstances: It is an internal concept, in which staffs and management
demonstrate fundamental functions of business like developing objectives, negotiation in

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business, negotiate regarding outside aspects and resources like communication among two
and more parties in an agreement of business (Agndal, Åge, and Eklinder-Frick, 2017).
Client situation: Negotiation can be feasible to sell the products and services with long-term
liaison to different customers (Leu, Pham, and Pham, 2015).
The negotiation in business could be obtained on the price. The expectation of purchasers and
sellers could be different. Since, sellers want to gain price whereas the needs for purchaser is
declining price and static. It could be a key cause for negotiation in each buying procedure.
The negotiation is considered by the management of the company (Postigo, 2016).
Management always considered negotiation in both internal and external aspects. A case
defines the differences between two aspects such as between labor and management (Fujita,
Ito, Zhang, and Robu, 2015). Due to high amount of companies, the cost of performing work
would be less at the workplace. In the industrial manufacturing company, income relies on
different factors such as the cost of inputs (Ahammad, et. al., 2016).
Due to rising profits, there is a need for the company to re-distribute the interests to
employees in the form of auxiliary bonuses and it could be threatened while demand was not
attained (Artinger, Vulkan, and Shem-Tov, 2015). In addition, the relationship between
management and employees transformation relies on circumstances that could be stressful
and suspect each other in spite of sound financial condition (Baber, and Ojala, 2015). The
company can make continue hard work for gaining the production in accordance with the
program orientation for years (Fujita, et. al., 2017).
The negotiation will create while a leader has the intention to enhance the payment system. It
would apply in transformation such as increasing wage rate related to production outcomes.
It may also apply in minimizing the wage rate. For instance, when negotiating on wage rate is
increasing, as anticipated in each year, then both of side may acquire 5% as foundation for
negotiation (Tan, and Kuo, 2018). However, the procedure of negotiation can be quite tough

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debate and both sides of an agreement may get 2 to 3% (Doh, McGuire, and Ozaki, 2015).
The two sides may exchange the view of each other as well as the recognizable tricks of a
trade union may be aggressive to beat (Groves, Feyerherm, and Gu, 2015). Moreover, leaders
of business do not eliminate the discussion, proposed new policies related to wage,
implementation plan as well as assesses the income of all employees in accordance with the
outcomes produced in the company (Perkov, Primorac, and Kozina, 2016).
The board discusses with the union regarding the fundamental transformation in the period of
switching with thee certain assurance (Passera, Smedlund, and Liinasuo, 2016). Transforming
the negotiating position regarding annual salary rate could be discussed by the leader by
introducing the new wage policy. A leader can apply new payment period for a longer time
period (Yao, 2016). The transformation of negotiation content may lead to parties to express
the higher satisfaction (Chan, and Ng, 2016).
For eliminating the conflict, an individual can turn around in different manners in order to
provide the cooperation amongst negotiating parties (Idemudia, 2017). Moreover, negotiation
cannot only associate with the business practices but also, it is foundation of individual
practices (Adnan, Hassan, and Aziz, 2018). For example, an individual drives motorbike for
long period and invested a high amount of wealth for repairing and now it cannot perform
anymore then, they will attract by new vehicle promotions and initiatives to exchange new
motorbike (Kennedy, 2017). In addition, an individual may focus on pay difference when
making a decision regarding changing vehicles (Coutinho, et. al., 2016). Hence, an individual
may decide to go into negotiation with shop owners for buying a new car.
It is evaluated that the key objectives of negotiation are to create the agreement; hence it has
certain basic skills and rules in negotiation (Xiao, 2018). The globalization of business
activity and economic requires an individual from all professions and disciplines in order to
create a deal with corporations throughout the globe. Hence, in negotiation, negotiators

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should be committed, keep their rights, must understand the ways for responding openly, and
innovatively in each specific case (Coupey, 2016).
Negotiation is a procedure of evaluation, agreement amongst parties to approach to consent
hence it is a procedure to create a request, and accept allowance when doing well. Each party
would attain the intention of each aspect as compared to the procedure of persisting on
maintaining their regulations (Aslani, et. al., 2016). Hence, people should prepare cautiously,
and developing the objective of negotiation in a scientific manner. They may prepare solid
arguments for convincing the partners and consistently defend the objectives (Hiles and Hon,
2016).
Negotiators should be assessed, flexible, quick, and address the plan of partners (Jardim-
Goncalves, Grilo, and Popplewell, 2016). It may provide higher benefits to parties but, in
certain cases, there may be subtle changes, and accepts the plan of partners in order to attain
the goal (Liu, and Zhang, 2016). In addition, the negotiator should understand how to
harmonize the security of interest in keeping and building an association with the partners
(Hak, and Sanders, 2018).
Negotiation is the procedure of discussion and exchange amongst the parties who convinced
that they have common goals, but also they have a disagreement in some points in order to
enlarge the common and narrow part of divergence to go to integrated explanation (Cordell,
2018). Effective negotiation is to maintain association and benefits with the parties. Hence,
negotiation is the agreed procedure amongst conflict and collaboration (Smith, Grosso, and
Grosso, 2015).
In negotiation, an individual should be avoided and negotiation style should be too soft and
just keep emphasizes on the association of two sides without regards to their position (Wood,
and Danylchuk, 2015). This may lead to face the rivalry from this concession to others and
may eventually suffer the agreement. In contrast to this, the company should not be hard as

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well as protects its position and should not breach the discussion in order to perform well. A
negotiator should make sure the role to get mutual benefits (Khan and Baldini, 2019).
As per the view of Age Herbst and Hedberg (2017), negotiation is defined as the game of
chess and not to struggle winner and battle to demolish and integrates the opponents until
pass away. It is considered as a negotiation where an individual mutually gets career benefits.
Negotiators should keep their own interest in recognized range that can create higher
advantageous (Khan, and Baldini, 2019). On the contrary, any individual can meet their
lowest requirement of the enemy (Thomas, Manrodt, and Eastman, 2015).
Specifically, in global business, negotiation is a global exchange practices hence it may rely
on political association and discretion of concerned nations. When negotiating with global
corporations, a company should stand for a good way and foreign policy associated with the
nation (Cao, et. al., 2015). Moreover, policies, regulations, and legislation should be
associated to import of partner nation in order to prevent the risk and learns the ways
(Peleckis, 2015). Negotiators should understand the ways for implementing the approach in a
diverse circumstance and implements general competencies for attaining the objectives as per
negotiation circumstances (Hayder, and Husain, 2018).
There are the different strategy of negotiation such as cooperative, compromise, mediation,
control and avoiding strategy. Under the cooperative approach, negotiation for the conflict is
resolved as well as personal relationships can be retained. This strategy can make sure two
sides for attaining the goals. In this cooperative solution, parties need to hold the view of
“win-win” (Brett, Gunia, and Teucher, 2017).
In the compromise strategy, the company finds a strategy to attain win-win that could be
impossible in certain cases. Furthermore, negotiators with respect to outcome involve small
success and small number of losses (Kazeminia, Del Chiappa, and Jafari, 2015). This style
can be used to persuasion and influence the both parties. Compromise situation indicates that

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two sides accept as well as make an aspect related to “win-loss and lossless” (Guerrero, and
Richards, 2015).
Mediation strategy is another tool of negotiation. The approach is used by negotiator for
maintaining individual liaison in any terms. It is less associated or does not have liaison with
the parties (Prudence, Jeberson, and Mazumdar, 2016). In addition, compromise, concession
principles as well as avoiding the conflicts can be seen as a method of maintaining the
association. In this strategy, lose-win aspect is considered where views of negotiators are
permitting the other to win (Brett and Thompson, 2016).
The accommodating strategy is another technique of negotiation. This strategy focuses on
providing the opposing side what a negotiator want. The implementation of accommodation
may occur while one of parties wishes to maintain the peace and observes the problem as
minor (Thomas, Manrodt, and Eastman, 2015). For instance, a business may make policy of
formal dress and it may call as a casual Friday policy. It indicates company has maintained
peace with higher extent. Workforces who exercises accommodation in managing the
conflict, can keep the track and develops the resentment (García Mayo, and Imaz Agirre,
2016).
Under the control strategy, the negotiators may decline the conflicts for comprehending the
phases required to make sure satisfying personal intentions and focuses on relationships.
Moreover, it is a negotiated settlement where physical forces may be used with the
perspective of what is right and trying to win. The avoiding strategy could be also used for
negotiation (Asikainen, 2015). The negotiators may use eliminating conflict. The key theme
of this style is vague as disappointing outcomes can be used for parties involved in
negotiation (Nell, Puck, and Heidenreich, 2015).
The purpose of the party cannot meet and relationships cannot be maintained. The main point
of withdrawal is that views of negotiators cannot be retreated and accepted defeat. It may also

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allow another side to win the honor. The main focus of strategic behavior is central to the
micropolitical strategy (Jeong, 2016).
Depending on behavior, place and time of another party together with how negotiators keep
their own interests, the company may select the feasible strategy and the resources. It may
also consider the resolution of conflicts for making sure the right that could be a success in
negotiation (Radu, 2017). The outcome could be effective or not, it’s relied on the
competency of negotiators at the time of doing the negotiation.
The negotiators can master in function of negotiation, in smooth speech, and corresponding
to capacity (Li, et. al., 2017). In addition, negotiators should generate the knowledge by
focusing on listening, generating rational space for negotiation, take notes, and particularly
do not loathe on key market players (Olivares, 2015). The negotiators should focus on body
language such as building a relationship first, observes the transformation in a challenger and
learns the traditions of negotiation in diverse nations (García Mayo, and Imaz Agirre, 2016).
Conclusion
From the above interpretation, it can be concluded that each individual could be a negotiator
in their life but, for participating in negotiation, there is need to evaluate components that
may affect the negotiation procedure and apply the rules of negotiation. It can be summarised
that negotiation is behavior and procedure where parties will mutually interacts, evaluate
scenarios and measures to mutually resolve the agreed issues.
It can also be concluded that negotiation is a situation that is highly close to the expected
benefits. Furthermore, it is evaluated that reached with contract is the achievement of parties.
Moreover, negotiation is essential aspect in life that involves business, occupation, social,
political, and personal life where an individual faces negotiation in each day. The outcome
may directly influence the advantageous of negotiators. Hence, the ability of negotiation

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could be highly significant. This will support in the negotiation with confidence and grabbing
the opportunities for winning and avoiding the mistakes that lead to letdown.
The achievement of negotiation may highly relies on research, experience, and bravery. As
per above assessment, it can be concluded that negotiators should identify the core of
negotiation, evaluates the goals and outcomes that would be attained. Negotiators can
develop the negotiation procedure efficiently and openly practice the competencies. It could
be logical procedure with good proficiency to support negotiators to perform promptly,
feasibly and remedies the issues, as well as addresses the bad situation that may affect the
negotiation procedure.

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