Role of New Technology in Enhancing Contactless Check-in and Check-out in Hospitality Industry
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This research investigates the role of new technology in enhancing contactless check-in and check-out in the hospitality industry, with a focus on Park Plaza London. It examines the challenges faced by the industry due to COVID-19, explores useful digital technologies adopted by the industry, and proposes the right type of technology to enhance contactless check-in and check-out at Park Plaza London.
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Research
(To investigate the role of the introduction of the new
technology to enhance contactless check in and check
out in hospitality industry)
(To investigate the role of the introduction of the new
technology to enhance contactless check in and check
out in hospitality industry)
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Chapter Two: Literature Review.....................................................................................................5
Chapter Three: Methodology...........................................................................................................8
Chapter Four and Five: Findings and Discussion of Data Interpretation......................................11
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS..........................................................................................11
Frequency distribution table.................................................................................................11
Data interpretation table.......................................................................................................13
Chapter Six: Conclusion, Recommendations and Implications for Further Research...................21
Reflection.......................................................................................................................................23
Alternative research methodology.................................................................................................24
Questionnaire........................................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................................................27
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Chapter Two: Literature Review.....................................................................................................5
Chapter Three: Methodology...........................................................................................................8
Chapter Four and Five: Findings and Discussion of Data Interpretation......................................11
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS..........................................................................................11
Frequency distribution table.................................................................................................11
Data interpretation table.......................................................................................................13
Chapter Six: Conclusion, Recommendations and Implications for Further Research...................21
Reflection.......................................................................................................................................23
Alternative research methodology.................................................................................................24
Questionnaire........................................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................................................27
Introduction
New technology is one of the main and crucial factors for all the industries as digitalisation is
closely related to the level of productivity and better experience for the customers (Brochado and
et.al.,2021). Due to the Pandemic, the hospitality industry had to face the major issues in relation
to the its operations and the customers. As they had to follow new norms and rules which
comprises of new technology and staff. The research will sketch the impact of the useful digital
technologies adopted by the hotels. The chosen company for the research is Park Plaza London
which is a hotel located at the heart of the London which has the sophisticated rooms with
modern amenities. It offers high quality services for the customers and bring innovative
amenities also. The research will also highlight the preventive measures in order to deal with
issues faced due to the implementation of new technology in the hotel (Anguera-Torrell and
et.al.,2021).
Research Aim and Rationale
Research Aim:
To investigate the role of the introduction of the new technology to enhance contactless check in
and check out in hospitality industry.
Rationale
The main goal of this study is to access the role of new technology in order to enhance the
contactless check in and check out in hospitality industry (Li and et.al.,2021). The main purpose
of choosing the specific topic is to improve the level of understanding in relation to the new
technology (Hassi, A., 2019). In order to improve the contactless check in and check out in the
hotels. As there are various challenges which are faced by the hospitality industry due to the
impact of the pandemic. I will also be able to recognise valuable digital technologies which are
adopted by hospitality industry in order to reduce minimise the impact of Covid 19. Further the
research will define the various issues which are availed by the chosen company while managing
the new technology at the workplace (Marques and et.al.,2022).
Research Objectives
I. To examine the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19
II. Explore the useful digital technologies adopted by hospitality industry to minimise
the impact of Covid 19.
New technology is one of the main and crucial factors for all the industries as digitalisation is
closely related to the level of productivity and better experience for the customers (Brochado and
et.al.,2021). Due to the Pandemic, the hospitality industry had to face the major issues in relation
to the its operations and the customers. As they had to follow new norms and rules which
comprises of new technology and staff. The research will sketch the impact of the useful digital
technologies adopted by the hotels. The chosen company for the research is Park Plaza London
which is a hotel located at the heart of the London which has the sophisticated rooms with
modern amenities. It offers high quality services for the customers and bring innovative
amenities also. The research will also highlight the preventive measures in order to deal with
issues faced due to the implementation of new technology in the hotel (Anguera-Torrell and
et.al.,2021).
Research Aim and Rationale
Research Aim:
To investigate the role of the introduction of the new technology to enhance contactless check in
and check out in hospitality industry.
Rationale
The main goal of this study is to access the role of new technology in order to enhance the
contactless check in and check out in hospitality industry (Li and et.al.,2021). The main purpose
of choosing the specific topic is to improve the level of understanding in relation to the new
technology (Hassi, A., 2019). In order to improve the contactless check in and check out in the
hotels. As there are various challenges which are faced by the hospitality industry due to the
impact of the pandemic. I will also be able to recognise valuable digital technologies which are
adopted by hospitality industry in order to reduce minimise the impact of Covid 19. Further the
research will define the various issues which are availed by the chosen company while managing
the new technology at the workplace (Marques and et.al.,2022).
Research Objectives
I. To examine the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19
II. Explore the useful digital technologies adopted by hospitality industry to minimise
the impact of Covid 19.
III. To purpose the right type of technology to Park Plaza London to enhance contactless
check in and check out.
Research Questions:
I. What are the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19?
II. What are the useful digital technologies adopted by hospitality industry to minimise
the impact of Covid 19?
III. What technology should Park Plaza London use to enhance contactless check in and
check out?
Significance of the Research
In the present research, it will present the need of digital technologies with the aim of improving
the enhance contactless check in and check out. It can be said that findings of the research will
reflect about the gaps that took place during Covid-19 in the operations of the company. Along
with it, the research will be used by the students, learners and the researchers to understand the
role of digital technologies in the hospitality industry (Bowen, J. and Morosan, C., 2018).
check in and check out.
Research Questions:
I. What are the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19?
II. What are the useful digital technologies adopted by hospitality industry to minimise
the impact of Covid 19?
III. What technology should Park Plaza London use to enhance contactless check in and
check out?
Significance of the Research
In the present research, it will present the need of digital technologies with the aim of improving
the enhance contactless check in and check out. It can be said that findings of the research will
reflect about the gaps that took place during Covid-19 in the operations of the company. Along
with it, the research will be used by the students, learners and the researchers to understand the
role of digital technologies in the hospitality industry (Bowen, J. and Morosan, C., 2018).
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Chapter Two: Literature Review
To examine the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19
As said by Peter Plaut (2020), there are numerous issues which are faced by the hospitality
industry throughout the time of pandemic. The Covid-19 has brought the worst situation for the
overall population and the hospitality industry has affected badly. The companies are to face the
main issue while re-opening as it is the main industry which has affected the most. Another issue
is related to the increased expenses of the hotels as they are to make use of new space and
resources in order to fulfil the trend of the market. Along with it, the new focus on technology
that is electronic check ins and check outs has become essential for the hotels (Goryushkina and
et.al., 2019). This upgradation will lead to increase the expenses for the hotels and it is also a
time consuming process. It can be said that the hospitality industry had to face diverse challenges
which requires preventive measures in order to innovate and modify the way of operations.
Digital technologies through mobile phone apps has become the significant for the people while
order room service using their smartphones. That is why, the application of the technologies will
have a main initial cost but it will tend to bring better performance, efficiencies and lower costs
longer term growth (Jang, Kim and Lee, 2022).
According to Anguera-Torrell, Aznar-Alarcón and Vives-Perez, (2021), there are various issues
which are involved in the hospitality industry such as customers, global factors and environment
factors. Pandemic has created a main trouble in the operations of the hospitality industry and the
spread of coronavirus has formed a terrible effect on the world. In context of the hospitality
industry, it can be said that one of the main challenges of COVID-19 for the hotel is mass
removals of the bookings. That is why the hotels had to face a pressure to pay salaries to the
employees even without having any source of income. The occupancy rate of the hotel has
reduced as people were not allowed to go out as they were afraid of the disease and due to the
instructions of the government. Furthermore, COVID-19 has shaped a major impact on the
human life and as well the whole global economy. Because of the boundaries formed by the
government, the hospitality industry has become one of the seriously affected industries (Liu and
et.al.,2021).
To examine the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the outbreak of global
pandemic COVID-19
As said by Peter Plaut (2020), there are numerous issues which are faced by the hospitality
industry throughout the time of pandemic. The Covid-19 has brought the worst situation for the
overall population and the hospitality industry has affected badly. The companies are to face the
main issue while re-opening as it is the main industry which has affected the most. Another issue
is related to the increased expenses of the hotels as they are to make use of new space and
resources in order to fulfil the trend of the market. Along with it, the new focus on technology
that is electronic check ins and check outs has become essential for the hotels (Goryushkina and
et.al., 2019). This upgradation will lead to increase the expenses for the hotels and it is also a
time consuming process. It can be said that the hospitality industry had to face diverse challenges
which requires preventive measures in order to innovate and modify the way of operations.
Digital technologies through mobile phone apps has become the significant for the people while
order room service using their smartphones. That is why, the application of the technologies will
have a main initial cost but it will tend to bring better performance, efficiencies and lower costs
longer term growth (Jang, Kim and Lee, 2022).
According to Anguera-Torrell, Aznar-Alarcón and Vives-Perez, (2021), there are various issues
which are involved in the hospitality industry such as customers, global factors and environment
factors. Pandemic has created a main trouble in the operations of the hospitality industry and the
spread of coronavirus has formed a terrible effect on the world. In context of the hospitality
industry, it can be said that one of the main challenges of COVID-19 for the hotel is mass
removals of the bookings. That is why the hotels had to face a pressure to pay salaries to the
employees even without having any source of income. The occupancy rate of the hotel has
reduced as people were not allowed to go out as they were afraid of the disease and due to the
instructions of the government. Furthermore, COVID-19 has shaped a major impact on the
human life and as well the whole global economy. Because of the boundaries formed by the
government, the hospitality industry has become one of the seriously affected industries (Liu and
et.al.,2021).
Explore the useful digital technologies adopted by hospitality industry to minimise the impact
of Covid 19
As presented by Brochado and et.al., (2021), there are various ways and useful digital technology
which is adopted by the chosen hotel in order to reduce the severe impact of the pandemic (Ann
and Blum, 2019). One of the most influential ways is to make use of social media to keep in
touch with the customers. In future, robots will also serve the customers with the aim of
enhancing the contactless option (Schweppes. and Dimitriou, 2021). As the hospitality industry
is the customer oriented industry in which the technology has the positive impact. that is why the
hotels prefer smart rooms and new technology in order to reduce the chances of the risks. Due to
which the hotel will be able to serve their customers better. The restrictions due to pandemic
has formed a pressure on the hotel to failure its capacity with the aim of operating and
functioning. Due to which the hotels had to reduce their strength of workforce so that they could
work agreeing to the limitations and instructions provided by the Government of the United
Kingdom. Also, the hotel has to lay off its existing employees because of growing costs and
decreasing efficiency levels (Guan and et.al.,2020).
of Covid 19
As presented by Brochado and et.al., (2021), there are various ways and useful digital technology
which is adopted by the chosen hotel in order to reduce the severe impact of the pandemic (Ann
and Blum, 2019). One of the most influential ways is to make use of social media to keep in
touch with the customers. In future, robots will also serve the customers with the aim of
enhancing the contactless option (Schweppes. and Dimitriou, 2021). As the hospitality industry
is the customer oriented industry in which the technology has the positive impact. that is why the
hotels prefer smart rooms and new technology in order to reduce the chances of the risks. Due to
which the hotel will be able to serve their customers better. The restrictions due to pandemic
has formed a pressure on the hotel to failure its capacity with the aim of operating and
functioning. Due to which the hotels had to reduce their strength of workforce so that they could
work agreeing to the limitations and instructions provided by the Government of the United
Kingdom. Also, the hotel has to lay off its existing employees because of growing costs and
decreasing efficiency levels (Guan and et.al.,2020).
Figure 1:Hotel Industry & Tourism Challenges
To purpose the right type of technology to Park Plaza London to enhance contactless check in
and check out.
As projected by Jingie (2021), the hotel industry was going through the severe changes and in
that technology is considered to be saviour which is considered by the hotels in order to perform
better in the market (Elbanna and et.al.,2022). Along with it, the demands of the customers are
kept changing and that is why the cost of investment is constant for the hotels. The chosen hotel
has prioritised the employees and worker’s health and safety that is why, the hotel has allowed
the use of technology in a systematic way which enabled check-out and check-in processes. Due
to which it has assisted in saving the overall cost of labour, as it minimised the face-to-face
contact. Also, by using air conditioning units in order to disinfect the rooms. In addition to this,
the other important strategy adopted by the chosen hotel is by increasing the operational
protocols with the strategic plans for the purpose of surviving the dangerous crisis and
threatening situations (Li, Yao and Chen, 2021).
To purpose the right type of technology to Park Plaza London to enhance contactless check in
and check out.
As projected by Jingie (2021), the hotel industry was going through the severe changes and in
that technology is considered to be saviour which is considered by the hotels in order to perform
better in the market (Elbanna and et.al.,2022). Along with it, the demands of the customers are
kept changing and that is why the cost of investment is constant for the hotels. The chosen hotel
has prioritised the employees and worker’s health and safety that is why, the hotel has allowed
the use of technology in a systematic way which enabled check-out and check-in processes. Due
to which it has assisted in saving the overall cost of labour, as it minimised the face-to-face
contact. Also, by using air conditioning units in order to disinfect the rooms. In addition to this,
the other important strategy adopted by the chosen hotel is by increasing the operational
protocols with the strategic plans for the purpose of surviving the dangerous crisis and
threatening situations (Li, Yao and Chen, 2021).
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Chapter Three: Methodology
Under this the researcher will use Saunders's research onion framework as it offers various layers
for the gathering, assessment and explanation of information in an organised method. Research
methodology also refers to a collection of systems which are used to manage and examine the
data relating to the topic (Akron and et.al.,2020). It also allows the reader to measure the
complete reliability of the information (Esposito, and et.al., 2021). In that case several data
collection techniques, general observations, and statistical analysis are all comprised in the whole
process. Along with it, it will allow to bring the stages to the researcher for gathering,
understanding and analysing information which are listed below-
Research Approach
Research approach is well-defined as of two forms such as inductive and deductive approach.
The researcher will choose the deductive approach as it only uses existing concepts for
estimating and investigating the quantitative data. It is defined as the deliberate technique under
which the researcher works to more effectively with the aim of testing the theories and
hypotheses. It is also known to be the economical technique that helps in better understanding
and analysis of the data's contents. In order to achieve the goals and aims of the research, it will
be helpful for the researcher to recognise when a hypothesis is accepted and when it is rejected.
That is why the main benefit of the deductive approach is that it only assesses and inspects
statistical facts and evidences (Hossain and et.al.,2020).
Research Philosophy
Research Philosophy is divided into two systems that comprise of positivism and interpretivism
philosophy. In relation to the present case, the investigator will select the positivism philosophy
for the reason that it accommodates the procedure of assessing and investigating the quantitative
data. Another plus point is that it carries out the relevancy of the quantitative information.
Sampling
Sampling is divided into two significant types that are probability and non-probability sampling.
In the present study, probability sampling is considered as every respondent will be provided an
equal chance to contribute in the study. The researcher will choice 30 employees of Park Plaza
for the purpose of sampling. The term sampling is recognised as the way of collecting the data
from the selected group of people. Under which the respondents are picked for sampling, random
sampling is used and respondents who are chosen for the research receive equivalent and
Under this the researcher will use Saunders's research onion framework as it offers various layers
for the gathering, assessment and explanation of information in an organised method. Research
methodology also refers to a collection of systems which are used to manage and examine the
data relating to the topic (Akron and et.al.,2020). It also allows the reader to measure the
complete reliability of the information (Esposito, and et.al., 2021). In that case several data
collection techniques, general observations, and statistical analysis are all comprised in the whole
process. Along with it, it will allow to bring the stages to the researcher for gathering,
understanding and analysing information which are listed below-
Research Approach
Research approach is well-defined as of two forms such as inductive and deductive approach.
The researcher will choose the deductive approach as it only uses existing concepts for
estimating and investigating the quantitative data. It is defined as the deliberate technique under
which the researcher works to more effectively with the aim of testing the theories and
hypotheses. It is also known to be the economical technique that helps in better understanding
and analysis of the data's contents. In order to achieve the goals and aims of the research, it will
be helpful for the researcher to recognise when a hypothesis is accepted and when it is rejected.
That is why the main benefit of the deductive approach is that it only assesses and inspects
statistical facts and evidences (Hossain and et.al.,2020).
Research Philosophy
Research Philosophy is divided into two systems that comprise of positivism and interpretivism
philosophy. In relation to the present case, the investigator will select the positivism philosophy
for the reason that it accommodates the procedure of assessing and investigating the quantitative
data. Another plus point is that it carries out the relevancy of the quantitative information.
Sampling
Sampling is divided into two significant types that are probability and non-probability sampling.
In the present study, probability sampling is considered as every respondent will be provided an
equal chance to contribute in the study. The researcher will choice 30 employees of Park Plaza
for the purpose of sampling. The term sampling is recognised as the way of collecting the data
from the selected group of people. Under which the respondents are picked for sampling, random
sampling is used and respondents who are chosen for the research receive equivalent and
unbiased opportunity. Generally, the researcher will focus on selecting probability sampling
because it benefits in data collection by making use of the random sample approach (Dogru and
et.al.,2020).
Research Strategy
The researcher will use of the survey as the research strategy and the current study focuses on
the various challenges which are faced by the chosen organisation. In that case the surveys will
support the investigator while gathering the information straight from the source of information.
Another advantage of the survey is that it is not that expensive and also gathers the large data in
a shorter span of time. As there are of methodologies that is interview, survey, action research,
grounded theory, and many others. That is why survey is chosen for the current study and the
main advantage of the survey strategy is that it assists in data collection by contacting data
sources.
Data Collection
The term data collection is divided into two types that is primary and secondary data collection
methods. In this study, the primary method will be reflected by the researcher to collect raw data
as per the proposed topic. Under which the researcher will form a questionnaire so that data can
be collected from the 30 employees of Park Plaza. Whereas, the another method will be utilised
to gather already published info. For this, the secondary sources such as books, articles, journals,
newspapers, and magazines will be used (Kim and et.al.,2018).
Research Choice
Research Choice is allocated into two types such as qualitative and quantitative choice. In the
present situation, the investigator will depend upon quantitative research choice meanwhile it
supports in the gathering of the numerical pieces and data of information about the major issues
faced by the hospitality industry. In addition to this, the main advantage of quantitative choice is
that it also supports in accomplishment of the outcomes which can be compared and measured.
Ethical Implications
The term ethics are the essential part of the research as it helps to do the research ethically. There
are various research ethics which are involved in the study such as contributing participant’s
rights to preserve the data, while respecting to all the participants and also obtaining informed
consent. The ethical implications are known to push the researchers to achieve the goals of the
study in a systematic manner. With the aim of fulfilling the ethical potential of the research, all
because it benefits in data collection by making use of the random sample approach (Dogru and
et.al.,2020).
Research Strategy
The researcher will use of the survey as the research strategy and the current study focuses on
the various challenges which are faced by the chosen organisation. In that case the surveys will
support the investigator while gathering the information straight from the source of information.
Another advantage of the survey is that it is not that expensive and also gathers the large data in
a shorter span of time. As there are of methodologies that is interview, survey, action research,
grounded theory, and many others. That is why survey is chosen for the current study and the
main advantage of the survey strategy is that it assists in data collection by contacting data
sources.
Data Collection
The term data collection is divided into two types that is primary and secondary data collection
methods. In this study, the primary method will be reflected by the researcher to collect raw data
as per the proposed topic. Under which the researcher will form a questionnaire so that data can
be collected from the 30 employees of Park Plaza. Whereas, the another method will be utilised
to gather already published info. For this, the secondary sources such as books, articles, journals,
newspapers, and magazines will be used (Kim and et.al.,2018).
Research Choice
Research Choice is allocated into two types such as qualitative and quantitative choice. In the
present situation, the investigator will depend upon quantitative research choice meanwhile it
supports in the gathering of the numerical pieces and data of information about the major issues
faced by the hospitality industry. In addition to this, the main advantage of quantitative choice is
that it also supports in accomplishment of the outcomes which can be compared and measured.
Ethical Implications
The term ethics are the essential part of the research as it helps to do the research ethically. There
are various research ethics which are involved in the study such as contributing participant’s
rights to preserve the data, while respecting to all the participants and also obtaining informed
consent. The ethical implications are known to push the researchers to achieve the goals of the
study in a systematic manner. With the aim of fulfilling the ethical potential of the research, all
the participants who are chosen must contribute by their own consent. In addition to this, the
Data Protection Act will support to guard the personal information of the candidates (Ali and
et.al.,2020).
Data Protection Act will support to guard the personal information of the candidates (Ali and
et.al.,2020).
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Chapter Four and Five: Findings and Discussion of Data Interpretation
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Frequency distribution table
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the
performance of the organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 7
c) May be 5
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the
performance of an organisation during pandemic within the hospitality
industry?
Frequency
a) Enables remote work for employees 8
b) Contactless and digital payments 7
c) Minimising cost of operations 5
d) Improving communication among employees 6
e) Maintaining positive work-culture 4
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park
Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations 7
b) Less occupancy of customers 8
c) Salary cut off of employees 6
d) Decreased morale of employees 4
e) Reduced profitability 5
Q4) As per your opinion, What are the different types of digital technologies
that help Park Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the
Frequency
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Frequency distribution table
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the
performance of the organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 7
c) May be 5
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the
performance of an organisation during pandemic within the hospitality
industry?
Frequency
a) Enables remote work for employees 8
b) Contactless and digital payments 7
c) Minimising cost of operations 5
d) Improving communication among employees 6
e) Maintaining positive work-culture 4
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park
Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations 7
b) Less occupancy of customers 8
c) Salary cut off of employees 6
d) Decreased morale of employees 4
e) Reduced profitability 5
Q4) As per your opinion, What are the different types of digital technologies
that help Park Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the
Frequency
hospitality industry?
a) Robotic technology 10
b) Internet of things 6
c) Augmented reality and Virtual reality 7
d) Digital marketing 4
e) Digital check in and check out 3
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
b) Agree 8
c) Neutral 5
d) Disagree 4
e) Strongly disagree 3
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to
provide check-in and check-out facilities to their customers?
Frequency
a) Online bookings for rooms 9
b) Increase in remote services 7
c) Contact less transactions 5
d) Digital keys for room 6
e) In app orders 3
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has
helped Park Plaza to ensure safety to their visitors during COVID-19?
Frequency
a) Yes 12
b) No 10
c) Can't say 8
a) Robotic technology 10
b) Internet of things 6
c) Augmented reality and Virtual reality 7
d) Digital marketing 4
e) Digital check in and check out 3
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
b) Agree 8
c) Neutral 5
d) Disagree 4
e) Strongly disagree 3
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to
provide check-in and check-out facilities to their customers?
Frequency
a) Online bookings for rooms 9
b) Increase in remote services 7
c) Contact less transactions 5
d) Digital keys for room 6
e) In app orders 3
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has
helped Park Plaza to ensure safety to their visitors during COVID-19?
Frequency
a) Yes 12
b) No 10
c) Can't say 8
Data interpretation table
Table 1: Technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the performance of the organisation
during COVID-19 pandemic
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the
performance of the organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 7
c) May be 5
a) Yes b) No c) May be
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is interpreted that technology plays a very important
role in enhancing the performance and productivity of the organisation within the hospitality
industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the total of 30 representatives, 18 of them have
said yes and feels that digital technology play a key role in the hospitality industry and is needed
for improving employee’s performance, 7 representatives have said no and do not find digital
technology as an essential element to adopt within the organisation. While 5 representatives have
Table 1: Technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the performance of the organisation
during COVID-19 pandemic
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the
performance of the organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 7
c) May be 5
a) Yes b) No c) May be
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is interpreted that technology plays a very important
role in enhancing the performance and productivity of the organisation within the hospitality
industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the total of 30 representatives, 18 of them have
said yes and feels that digital technology play a key role in the hospitality industry and is needed
for improving employee’s performance, 7 representatives have said no and do not find digital
technology as an essential element to adopt within the organisation. While 5 representatives have
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said may be and confused about the fact and importance of technology within the business. As
per the market, it can be understood that new technology is said to be the main and vital factors
for all the industries. As the term digitalisation is said to be closely linked to the level of
productivity and better experience for the customers. Due to Covid-19, the hospitality industry
had to face serves losses and the major issues in its operations and number of customers. As they
had to follow new norms and rules which are given by government that is related with new
technology and staff. Moreover, the pandemic has brought the dangerous and worst situation for
the people globally and also the hospitality industry which was affected badly. As the companies
are to face the main issues while re-opening as it is the main industry which has affected the
most as compared to other companies.
Table 2: What is the role of technology in improving the performance of an organisation during
pandemic within the hospitality industry
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the
performance of an organisation during pandemic within the hospitality
industry?
Frequency
a) Enables remote work for employees 8
b) Contactless and digital payments 7
c) Minimising cost of operations 5
d) Improving communication among employees 6
e) Maintaining positive work-culture 4
per the market, it can be understood that new technology is said to be the main and vital factors
for all the industries. As the term digitalisation is said to be closely linked to the level of
productivity and better experience for the customers. Due to Covid-19, the hospitality industry
had to face serves losses and the major issues in its operations and number of customers. As they
had to follow new norms and rules which are given by government that is related with new
technology and staff. Moreover, the pandemic has brought the dangerous and worst situation for
the people globally and also the hospitality industry which was affected badly. As the companies
are to face the main issues while re-opening as it is the main industry which has affected the
most as compared to other companies.
Table 2: What is the role of technology in improving the performance of an organisation during
pandemic within the hospitality industry
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the
performance of an organisation during pandemic within the hospitality
industry?
Frequency
a) Enables remote work for employees 8
b) Contactless and digital payments 7
c) Minimising cost of operations 5
d) Improving communication among employees 6
e) Maintaining positive work-culture 4
0
2
4
6
8
8 7
5 6
4
Column B
Interpretation: As per the gathered information from the above graph, it is analysed that
technology has a prominent role to play within the hospitality industry as it helps in improving
the business operations. 8 representatives have said that it helps in enabling remote work for
employees so that they work with high efficiency and effectiveness within the business
organisation. 7 of the representatives have said that contactless and digital payments are more
helpful for the business as it helps in delivering high profitability. 6 representatives have said that
it helps in improving the communication among employees while 5 of them have said that it
helps in minimising the operational cost and 4 of them have said it helps in maintaining positive
culture in the workplace.
Table 3: What are the challenges faced by Park Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the
hospitality industry
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park
Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations 7
b) Less occupancy of customers 8
c) Salary cut off of employees 6
d) Decreased morale of employees 4
2
4
6
8
8 7
5 6
4
Column B
Interpretation: As per the gathered information from the above graph, it is analysed that
technology has a prominent role to play within the hospitality industry as it helps in improving
the business operations. 8 representatives have said that it helps in enabling remote work for
employees so that they work with high efficiency and effectiveness within the business
organisation. 7 of the representatives have said that contactless and digital payments are more
helpful for the business as it helps in delivering high profitability. 6 representatives have said that
it helps in improving the communication among employees while 5 of them have said that it
helps in minimising the operational cost and 4 of them have said it helps in maintaining positive
culture in the workplace.
Table 3: What are the challenges faced by Park Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the
hospitality industry
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park
Plaza due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations 7
b) Less occupancy of customers 8
c) Salary cut off of employees 6
d) Decreased morale of employees 4
e) Reduced profitability 5
0
2
4
6
8 7 8
6
4 5
Column B
Interpretation: As per the gathered information from the above graph, it is analysed that the
hospitality industry faces several challenges due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Out of the total
of 30 respondents, 8 of them have said that hotel face the problem of less occupancy of guests
within their hotel, 7 of them said that cancellations of bookings and accommodations is the major
challenge that business face because customers have a fear in the mind of getting infected.
Table 4: What are the different types of digital technologies that help Park Plaza in reducing the
impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry
Q4) As per your opinion, what are the different types of digital technologies
that help Park Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the
hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Robotic technology 10
b) Internet of things 6
0
2
4
6
8 7 8
6
4 5
Column B
Interpretation: As per the gathered information from the above graph, it is analysed that the
hospitality industry faces several challenges due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Out of the total
of 30 respondents, 8 of them have said that hotel face the problem of less occupancy of guests
within their hotel, 7 of them said that cancellations of bookings and accommodations is the major
challenge that business face because customers have a fear in the mind of getting infected.
Table 4: What are the different types of digital technologies that help Park Plaza in reducing the
impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry
Q4) As per your opinion, what are the different types of digital technologies
that help Park Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the
hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Robotic technology 10
b) Internet of things 6
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c) Augmented reality and Virtual reality 7
d) Digital marketing 4
e) Digital check in and check out 3
0
2
4
6
8
10
10
6 7
4 3
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is interpreted that there are different types of digital
technologies that help hospitality industry in reducing the overall impact of COVID-19
pandemic. 10 representatives feel that robotics technology is an effective technology that help
the business in achieving high growth and success in the time of pandemic. 7 representatives
have said that augmented reality and virtual reality is considered as an important technology
within the hospitality industry.
Table 5: That these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of COVID-19 pandemic
within the hospitality industry
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
d) Digital marketing 4
e) Digital check in and check out 3
0
2
4
6
8
10
10
6 7
4 3
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above graph, it is interpreted that there are different types of digital
technologies that help hospitality industry in reducing the overall impact of COVID-19
pandemic. 10 representatives feel that robotics technology is an effective technology that help
the business in achieving high growth and success in the time of pandemic. 7 representatives
have said that augmented reality and virtual reality is considered as an important technology
within the hospitality industry.
Table 5: That these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of COVID-19 pandemic
within the hospitality industry
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
b) Agree 8
c) Neutral 5
d) Disagree 4
e) Strongly disagree 3
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
8
5
4
3
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above gathered data from the above graph, it is analysed that digital
technologies play an effective role within the hospitality industry in order to reduce the impact of
COVID-19 pandemic. 10 of them strongly agree with the fact as this is important for the
business to gain growth and profitability, 8 of them agree on the fact that digital technologies are
important for bringing innovation while 3 of them strongly disagree with the fact that technology
have nothing to do with the impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry.
Table 6: What are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to provide check-in and check-
out facilities to their customers
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to
provide check-in and check-out facilities to their customers?
Frequency
c) Neutral 5
d) Disagree 4
e) Strongly disagree 3
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
8
5
4
3
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above gathered data from the above graph, it is analysed that digital
technologies play an effective role within the hospitality industry in order to reduce the impact of
COVID-19 pandemic. 10 of them strongly agree with the fact as this is important for the
business to gain growth and profitability, 8 of them agree on the fact that digital technologies are
important for bringing innovation while 3 of them strongly disagree with the fact that technology
have nothing to do with the impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry.
Table 6: What are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to provide check-in and check-
out facilities to their customers
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to
provide check-in and check-out facilities to their customers?
Frequency
a) Online bookings for rooms 9
b) Increase in remote services 7
c) Contact less transactions 5
d) Digital keys for room 6
e) In app orders 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
7
5
6
3
Column B
Interpretation: As per above graph, it is interpreted that there are different types of digital
technologies that the business for check-in and check-out of customers during pandemic. Out of
30 representatives, 9 of them have said that providing online bookings for room so that
customers feel safe and secure, 7 of them feel that increase in remote services is the bets
technology that helps in increasing the working efficiency and effectiveness of employees to
work at the workplace.
Table 7: That contactless check-in and check-out technologies has helped Park Plaza to ensure
safety to their visitors during COVID-19
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has Frequency
b) Increase in remote services 7
c) Contact less transactions 5
d) Digital keys for room 6
e) In app orders 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
7
5
6
3
Column B
Interpretation: As per above graph, it is interpreted that there are different types of digital
technologies that the business for check-in and check-out of customers during pandemic. Out of
30 representatives, 9 of them have said that providing online bookings for room so that
customers feel safe and secure, 7 of them feel that increase in remote services is the bets
technology that helps in increasing the working efficiency and effectiveness of employees to
work at the workplace.
Table 7: That contactless check-in and check-out technologies has helped Park Plaza to ensure
safety to their visitors during COVID-19
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has Frequency
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helped Park Plaza to ensure safety to their visitors during COVID-19?
a) Yes 12
b) No 10
c) Can't say 8
a) Yes b) No c) Can't say
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above collected data from the above graph, it is analysed that out of
the total of 30 respondents, 12 respondents have said yes and agree on the fact that digital
technologies help in easy check-in and check-out of customers and also helps in developing high
growth and success in the hospitality industry, 10 of them have said no and do not agree with the
fact of online check-in and check-out as everyone do not have enough knowledge about online
facilities while 8 of them have said can't say about this particular fact and helps in developing
high variability and reliability within the business organisation.
a) Yes 12
b) No 10
c) Can't say 8
a) Yes b) No c) Can't say
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Column B
Interpretation: As per the above collected data from the above graph, it is analysed that out of
the total of 30 respondents, 12 respondents have said yes and agree on the fact that digital
technologies help in easy check-in and check-out of customers and also helps in developing high
growth and success in the hospitality industry, 10 of them have said no and do not agree with the
fact of online check-in and check-out as everyone do not have enough knowledge about online
facilities while 8 of them have said can't say about this particular fact and helps in developing
high variability and reliability within the business organisation.
Chapter Six: Conclusion, Recommendations and Implications for Further
Research
From the above presentation of the information, it can be said that hospitality industry has
started using new technologies with the aim of serving the customers better. It has helped the
hotels to improve its operations through operation efficiency and personalization. There are
various preventive measures which are provided to the chosen company in relation to the better
performance are given below-
The management of the company is required to be more focused on the making its
mobile app easier to use with number of new features. As people have increased the way
of using the various apps since the pandemic began. Additionally, these apps allow the
guests to avail various services such as pre-check-in requests, easily check-in, unlock the
room, communicate with the management, find out menus, services and control all the
room features.
The chosen hotel is also required to offer various complimentary services to attract the
guests for free. Such services will be used as a strategy for providing the best services to
its customers. Also, the hotel must make sure to implement the in room technology
which can be operated by using smart phones. Many hotels have already used this
technology in their hotels. For instance, tablets are proving to be an actual tool for
communication which can be used and preferred by the guests & the employees. Another
example is that the guests will be able to make a request in just a few clicks that is
directed to the employees’ mobile device and which is answered in a matter of minutes.
The chosen company is required to mark systematic budget for the allocation of the
various resources and initiatives at the workplace transformation. Adopting major
technologies allow the company to transform its way of operating. The company is
required to focus on the change management and training the workforce. Also, the
management must build a healthy relation with the employees so that they will participate
and interact in the transformation at the workplace.
Technology is the great source for the hospitality industry as the digital revolution is the
main for the industry. Along with it, the management of the chosen company must train
Research
From the above presentation of the information, it can be said that hospitality industry has
started using new technologies with the aim of serving the customers better. It has helped the
hotels to improve its operations through operation efficiency and personalization. There are
various preventive measures which are provided to the chosen company in relation to the better
performance are given below-
The management of the company is required to be more focused on the making its
mobile app easier to use with number of new features. As people have increased the way
of using the various apps since the pandemic began. Additionally, these apps allow the
guests to avail various services such as pre-check-in requests, easily check-in, unlock the
room, communicate with the management, find out menus, services and control all the
room features.
The chosen hotel is also required to offer various complimentary services to attract the
guests for free. Such services will be used as a strategy for providing the best services to
its customers. Also, the hotel must make sure to implement the in room technology
which can be operated by using smart phones. Many hotels have already used this
technology in their hotels. For instance, tablets are proving to be an actual tool for
communication which can be used and preferred by the guests & the employees. Another
example is that the guests will be able to make a request in just a few clicks that is
directed to the employees’ mobile device and which is answered in a matter of minutes.
The chosen company is required to mark systematic budget for the allocation of the
various resources and initiatives at the workplace transformation. Adopting major
technologies allow the company to transform its way of operating. The company is
required to focus on the change management and training the workforce. Also, the
management must build a healthy relation with the employees so that they will participate
and interact in the transformation at the workplace.
Technology is the great source for the hospitality industry as the digital revolution is the
main for the industry. Along with it, the management of the chosen company must train
the staff so that they have complete knowledge about the new technology of the hotel.
The company is required to hire employees so that all the work must be divided among
all the employees as per their capabilities.
As well cooperating with the employees are key responsibility which may be attained by
giving attention and allow them to give feedbacks. Such feedbacks will be able to help
the company to bring some changes in its lacking area. It will bring a healthy
environment at the workplace and the hotel will be able to attain the desired goal in the
area of implementation of better digital technologies.
The main focus must be given to the corporate travellers as the number of them are
growing in that case the hotel must modify its social media handles to stay connected
with them.
The company is required to hire employees so that all the work must be divided among
all the employees as per their capabilities.
As well cooperating with the employees are key responsibility which may be attained by
giving attention and allow them to give feedbacks. Such feedbacks will be able to help
the company to bring some changes in its lacking area. It will bring a healthy
environment at the workplace and the hotel will be able to attain the desired goal in the
area of implementation of better digital technologies.
The main focus must be given to the corporate travellers as the number of them are
growing in that case the hotel must modify its social media handles to stay connected
with them.
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Reflection
In relation to the present research, the researcher has utilised the Gibbs model of
reflection in order to attain the given aims and objectives of the research in a proper manner. As
this model comprises of six stages which are listed below-
Description – Under this stage, it will help in outlining about the detail of the research such as it
is conducted on the particular topic. It will help in defining the significant key areas that are
considered as an essential and beneficial for the researcher in an expressive way. Furthermore, in
this research I have examined about the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the
outbreak of global pandemic COVID-19.
Feelings – Feelings can be explained as the various ways which the researcher feels while
conducting the investigation process in a systematic way. While conducting this research, I felt
that the time management is one of the necessary term which is one of my lacking area whereas
it can also be said that good communication skill is my strength.
Evaluation – It is the third stage which is known to support and helps in evaluating related to the
information about the particular topic in a proper manner. That is why this research has helped
me in evaluating on both sides that is positive and negative about the chosen topic.
Analysis – In addition to the above points, analysis can be explained as interpreting about what
methods researcher has utilised in order to carry out research in an efficient way. Under this
research, I also examined that managing my time is one of the vital element as it supported me in
presenting best quality information about the various issues and strategies in relation to the
chosen topic.
Conclusion – Furthermore, conclusion is the second last stage of the model. It is said to be the
conclusion stage which outlines the ways in which the research has been done. It can be
concluded that the hospitality industry has started making use of new technologies with the aim
of serving the customers better. Along with it, it has helped the hotels with the aim of further
improving about its operations through operation efficiency and personalization.
Action plan – Action plan is said to be the suitable strategy which helps in conducting the
research in a successful and effective manner. That is why, i examined that it is necessary for me
to enhance my time management skills so that in future I will be able to conduct research in a
more precise and valuable way.
In relation to the present research, the researcher has utilised the Gibbs model of
reflection in order to attain the given aims and objectives of the research in a proper manner. As
this model comprises of six stages which are listed below-
Description – Under this stage, it will help in outlining about the detail of the research such as it
is conducted on the particular topic. It will help in defining the significant key areas that are
considered as an essential and beneficial for the researcher in an expressive way. Furthermore, in
this research I have examined about the challenges faced by hospitality industry due to the
outbreak of global pandemic COVID-19.
Feelings – Feelings can be explained as the various ways which the researcher feels while
conducting the investigation process in a systematic way. While conducting this research, I felt
that the time management is one of the necessary term which is one of my lacking area whereas
it can also be said that good communication skill is my strength.
Evaluation – It is the third stage which is known to support and helps in evaluating related to the
information about the particular topic in a proper manner. That is why this research has helped
me in evaluating on both sides that is positive and negative about the chosen topic.
Analysis – In addition to the above points, analysis can be explained as interpreting about what
methods researcher has utilised in order to carry out research in an efficient way. Under this
research, I also examined that managing my time is one of the vital element as it supported me in
presenting best quality information about the various issues and strategies in relation to the
chosen topic.
Conclusion – Furthermore, conclusion is the second last stage of the model. It is said to be the
conclusion stage which outlines the ways in which the research has been done. It can be
concluded that the hospitality industry has started making use of new technologies with the aim
of serving the customers better. Along with it, it has helped the hotels with the aim of further
improving about its operations through operation efficiency and personalization.
Action plan – Action plan is said to be the suitable strategy which helps in conducting the
research in a successful and effective manner. That is why, i examined that it is necessary for me
to enhance my time management skills so that in future I will be able to conduct research in a
more precise and valuable way.
Alternative research methodology
In context of the present situation, the investigator has made use of quantitative research choice.
Whereas next time qualitative choice can also be utilised as it will support in gathering of the
information about the chosen topic, its strategies and major issues faced by the particular
industry.
In context of the present situation, the investigator has made use of quantitative research choice.
Whereas next time qualitative choice can also be utilised as it will support in gathering of the
information about the chosen topic, its strategies and major issues faced by the particular
industry.
APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the performance of the
organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the performance of an
organisation during pandemic within the hospitality industry?
a) Enables remote work for employees
b) Contactless and digital payments
c) Minimising cost of operations
d) Improving communication among employees
e) Maintaining positive work-culture
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park Plaza due to the
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations
b) Less occupancy of customers
c) Salary cut off of employees
d) Decreased morale of employees
e) Reduced profitability
Q4) As per your opinion, What are the different types of digital technologies that help Park
Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry?
a) Robotic technology
b) Internet of things
c) Augmented reality and Virtual reality
d) Digital marketing
e) Digital check in and check out
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of COVID-19
pandemic within the hospitality industry?
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you think, technology plays a prominent role in enhancing the performance of the
organisation during COVID-19 pandemic?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q2) As per your perspective, what is the role of technology in improving the performance of an
organisation during pandemic within the hospitality industry?
a) Enables remote work for employees
b) Contactless and digital payments
c) Minimising cost of operations
d) Improving communication among employees
e) Maintaining positive work-culture
Q3) According to your perspective, what are the challenges faced by Park Plaza due to the
COVID-19 pandemic within the hospitality industry?
a) Cancellations of bookings and accommodations
b) Less occupancy of customers
c) Salary cut off of employees
d) Decreased morale of employees
e) Reduced profitability
Q4) As per your opinion, What are the different types of digital technologies that help Park
Plaza in reducing the impact of COVID-19 within the hospitality industry?
a) Robotic technology
b) Internet of things
c) Augmented reality and Virtual reality
d) Digital marketing
e) Digital check in and check out
Q5) Do you think that these digital technologies help in reducing the effect of COVID-19
pandemic within the hospitality industry?
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a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to provide check-in
and check-out facilities to their customers?
a) Online bookings for rooms
b) Increase in remote services
c) Contact less transactions
d) Digital keys for room
e) In app orders
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has helped Park Plaza to
ensure safety to their visitors during COVID-19?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Can't say
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
Q6) As per your idea, what are the types of technologies used by Park Plaza to provide check-in
and check-out facilities to their customers?
a) Online bookings for rooms
b) Increase in remote services
c) Contact less transactions
d) Digital keys for room
e) In app orders
Q7) Do you think that contactless check-in and check-out technologies has helped Park Plaza to
ensure safety to their visitors during COVID-19?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Can't say
References
Books and Journals
Anguera-Torrell, O., Aznar-Alarcón, J.P. and Vives-Perez, J., 2021. COVID-19: Hotel industry
response to the pandemic evolution and to the public sector economic measures. Tourism
Recreation Research, 46(2), pp.148-157.
Li, B., Zhong, Y., Zhang, T. and Hua, N., 2021. Transcending the COVID-19 crisis: Business
resilience and innovation of the restaurant industry in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Management, 49, pp.44-53.
Marques, I.A., Borges, I., Pereira, A.M. and Magalhães, J., 2022. Hotel Technology Innovations
as Drivers of Safety and Hygiene in Hotel Customers. In Advances in Tourism, Technology and
Systems (pp. 571-583). Springer, Singapore.
Bowen, J. and Morosan, C., 2018. Beware hospitality industry: the robots are
coming. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
Goryushkina, N., Voinova, N., Voronkova, O., Sitnov, A., Shichiyakh, R. and Gordeyeva, O.,
2019. Theoretical aspects of entrepreneurial education for hospitality industry. Journal of
Environmental Management & Tourism, 10(4 (36)), pp.835-841.
Liu, M.T., Wang, S., McCartney, G. and Wong, I.A., 2021. Taking a break is for accomplishing
a longer journey: hospitality industry in Macao under the COVID-19 pandemic. International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Schwepker Jr, C.H. and Dimitriou, C.K., 2021. Using ethical leadership to reduce job stress and
improve performance quality in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 94, p.102860.
Ann, S. and Blum, S.C., 2019. Motivating senior employees in the hospitality
industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Li, Y., Yao, J. and Chen, J., 2021. The negative effect of scarcity cues on consumer purchase
decisions in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 94, p.102815.
Akron, S., Demir, E., Díez-Esteban, J.M. and García-Gómez, C.D., 2020. Economic policy
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Hossain, M.S., Sambasivan, M., Abuelhassan, A.E. and Khalifa, G.S.A., 2020. Factors
influencing customer citizenship behaviour in the hospitality industry. Annals of Leisure
Research, pp.1-24.
Dogru, T., Mody, M., Suess, C., McGinley, S. and Line, N.D., 2020. The Airbnb paradox:
Positive employment effects in the hospitality industry. Tourism Management, 77, p.104001.
Kim, H.L., Woo, E., Uysal, M. and Kwon, N., 2018. The effects of corporate social
responsibility (CSR) on employee well-being in the hospitality industry. International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Ali, M., Usman, M., Pham, N.T., Agyemang-Mintah, P. and Akhtar, N., 2020. Being
ignored at work: Understanding how and when spiritual leadership curbs workplace ostracism in
the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, p.102696.
Elbanna, S., Kamel, H., Fatima, T. and Eid, R., 2022. An investigation of the causality links in
the balanced scorecard: The case of the Gulf Cooperation Council hospitality industry. Tourism
Management Perspectives, 41, p.100934.
Books and Journals
Anguera-Torrell, O., Aznar-Alarcón, J.P. and Vives-Perez, J., 2021. COVID-19: Hotel industry
response to the pandemic evolution and to the public sector economic measures. Tourism
Recreation Research, 46(2), pp.148-157.
Li, B., Zhong, Y., Zhang, T. and Hua, N., 2021. Transcending the COVID-19 crisis: Business
resilience and innovation of the restaurant industry in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
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7 key challenges faced by the Global Hospitality Industry 2020 [Online] Available at :
https://blog.mipimworld.com/development/7-key-challenges-faced-by-the-global-hospitality-
industry/
foster work engagement in hospitality industry? Perspectives from a moderated mediation
model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, pp.259-268.
Hassi, A., 2019. Empowering leadership and management innovation in the hospitality industry
context: The mediating role of climate for creativity. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management.
Jang, S., Kim, B. and Lee, S., 2022. Impact of corporate social (ir) responsibility on volume and
valence of online employee reviews: Evidence from the tourism and hospitality
industry. Tourism Management, 91, p.104501.
Esposito, B., Sessa, M.R., Sica, D. and Malandrino, O., 2021, April. Exploring the Link Between
Customers’ Safety Perception and the Use of Information Technology in the Restaurant Sector
During the Covid-19. In The International Research & Innovation Forum (pp. 403-415).
Springer, Cham.
Brochado, D., Silva, C., Silva, S. and Azevedo, D., 2021, May. Digital Technologies to
Minimize the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Restaurant Sector. In Academic
Conferences International: Reading, UK (p. 92).
Online
7 key challenges faced by the Global Hospitality Industry 2020 [Online] Available at :
https://blog.mipimworld.com/development/7-key-challenges-faced-by-the-global-hospitality-
industry/
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