QUESTIONS AND ITS ANSWERS OF NURSING ASSIGNMENT

Running head: NURISING ASSIGNMENT
NUSING ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

NURSING ASSIGNMENT1
Question 1
 Tachypnea: Tachypnea is excessive high rate of breathing in individuals. A common
observation data is the respiratory rate which is observed to exceed 20 breaths per minute
presented in the form of shortness of breath as observed in Jolene (Puskarich et al. 2016).
Tachycardia: Tachycardia is abnormally high rate of heartbeat. A commonly used
observational data is heart rate. A heart rate measured to be higher than 100 beats per
minute is representing of tachycardia, and is commonly presented in the form of a racing
heart and palpitations as seen in Jolene (Hussein et al. 2017).
 Angina: Angina pectoris is a feeling of painful and tightening sensations in the chest.
Objective assessments include: echocardiograms, electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme
tests. Common observations in patients are palpitations and shortness of breath as
presented by Jolene (Ohman 2016).
 Hypertension: Hypertension indicates abnormally high levels of blood pressure.
Prevalent observational data include the measurement of blood pressure which is ideally
supposed to range from 120/80mm/Hg. Patients present with symptoms like headache
and a racing heart as observed in Jolene (Boucly et al. 2017).
 Anxiety: Anxiety is characterized by excessive distress, stress and worry due to
perceptions of the surrounding environment to be threatening or dangerous. Common
symptoms include headache, shortness of breath and palpitations as observed in Jolene.
Common assessment tools include: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10),
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and Depression Anxiety Stress
Scale (DASS) (Moore et al. 2016)

NURSING ASSIGNMENT2
 Tremor: Tremor is characterized by abnormal periods of relaxation and contraction of
muscles across hands, fingers, face and legs as presented by Jolene, along with a racing
heart. Physical examinations in the form of musculoskeletal assessments and
electromyography can be used (Perumal and Sankar 2016).
Question 2
The emergency nurse must address these conditions on priority basis by first instructing
Jolene to lay down and relax, along with administration of nitroglycerin – a nitrate based
medication prevalently used for the alleviating chest pain symptoms (Kim, Juong and Park
2016). To assess and monitor the alleviation or aggravation of these symptoms simultaneously,
the emergency nurse must measure Jolene’s vital signs in the form of: heart rate, respiratory rate,
blood pressure and heart rhythm via an electrocardiogram. During monitoring, assessment
outcomes where the heart rate will read greater than 100 beats per minute and the blood pressure
will be recorded as greater than 120/60 mm/Hg will be indicative that Jolene’s condition is
deteriorating and thus must need immediate mitigation. (Levy, Heusch and Camici 2019). The
emergency nurse in collaboration with the medical practitioner can administer medications like
anxiolytics, beta blockers and selective serotonin uptake inhibitors. Beta blockers especially can
be used to mitigate symptoms of tremors and hypertension. To further ensure that these
immediate treatments are being beneficial to Jolene, the nurse must continuously re-assess and
monitor her blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. For the purpose of assessing and
monitoring Jolene’s level of pain, the nurse must conduct musculoskeletal and pain assessments
like PQRST method (Gautam et al. 2017).

NURSING ASSIGNMENT3
Question 3
Asthma is a prevalent respiratory disorder characterized by the symptoms of pulmonary
smooth muscle tightening and constriction, as a result of inflammation damaging the respiratory
tract and tubes. The inhalation of intolerable allergens such as: dust, pet hair or pollen, have been
evidenced to trigger the pathophysiology of asthma. In the case of Jolene, cattle hair can be the
key allergen triggering her asthma symptoms. The inhalation of such allergens like cattle hair by
Jolene causes their transportation to the respiratory tract resulting in the facilitating of antigen
presenting dendritic cells which in turn, triggers the inflammatory responses by immunological
cells like: mast cells, lymphocytes, eosinophil and mast cells (King et al. 2018). These cells
contribute to the immunological defense response which comprises of secretion of pro-
inflammatory substances like cytokine and interleukins. This inflammatory response further
causes injury to the epithelial cells lining the pulmonary tract and tubes resulting in overall
inflammation of the respiratory airway thus causing symptoms of hyper-responsiveness to
breathing, constriction and tightening of bronchial tubes and smooth muscles lining the
respiratory tract, limited flow of air within the body and conditions of chest tightening. Such
processes thus contribute to asthma symptoms of shortness of breath and palpitations as observed
in Jolene (Carpaij et al. 2019).
Additionally, asthma may also be caused due to genetically predisposed condition known
as atopy – which implies intrinsic development of immunoglobulin E (IgE), triggered due to
inhalation of allergens like pet hair from the air as in the case of Jolene. Abnormally high levels
of IgE in such individuals intrinsically are indicated via serum tests and skin prick assessments
targeting IgE measurement (King, Farrow and Chapman 2019). The circulating IgE triggers the
production and activation of immunological cells like eosinophil and mast cells across the