Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

The assignment provided is an in-depth examination of occupational health and safety (OHS) management systems. It includes a review of various risk assessment methodologies, such as the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). Additionally, it discusses auditing techniques, including social auditing, and the importance of worker influence on voluntary OHS management systems. The document also presents case studies, such as a risk report from Woolworths in 2017, to illustrate the application of these concepts in practice.

Contribute to OHS hazard
identification and risk control

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction and keeping up to date on OHS issues by business............................................1
2. importance of keeping exits clear of obstacles.......................................................................1
3. Description of safety practices which can be carried out while working on computers.........2
4. Responsible individual for contributing and raising OHS issues............................................3
5. Identification of 3 potential hazards identified at workplace..................................................3
6. Description of procedures and instructions for assessing and controlling risks.....................4
7. Procedure of the company while dealing with accidents and importance of following
instructions..................................................................................................................................5
8. Summarising and attaching a copy of the OHS procedures manual.......................................5
9. listing three aspects of the workplace where occupations health and safety could be
improved.....................................................................................................................................6
10. Explanation of ergonomic to a layman.................................................................................7
11 Noise pollution.......................................................................................................................7
12. Change in OHS issue, then record the process of the change from initiation to completion8
13. Who is in charge of OHS programs, and how is your budget for OHS run?.......................8
14. Twenty years ago if you did something completely irresponsible or stupid, it was the
employers problem. How has that changed................................................................................9
15. What does NOHSC stand for................................................................................................9
16. What state body regulates your organisation and how can you contact them?...................10
17 Conduct an OHS inspection.................................................................................................10
18. Hierarchy of risk control.....................................................................................................13
W1 Responsibilities in case of fire............................................................................................14
W2 Who is your fire warden.....................................................................................................14
W3. Evacuation area.................................................................................................................15
W4. Specific type of fire extinguisher......................................................................................15
W5 Who is your OHS representative........................................................................................15
W6 Dangerous chemicals to work in the area...........................................................................15

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Occupational health and safety is an separate domain which is formed in the
organisations. It carries a multi-disciplinary approach in which safety and welfare of workforce
is taken into consideration (Reese, 2015). This is done so that employees could be provided with
a right environment in which they are able to perform their operations in a healthy work
environment. The justification for the same is that a business is exposed to the numerous
physical and biological hazards which tend to cause work related injuries in the organisation.
This assignment taken into consideration safety practices and risk identification measure
undertaken by Woolworth. It an retail organisation carries out its operations in the economy of
Australia. In this report key issues related to the OHS issues could be identified so that key
issues are identified and addressed. The instructions and assessment of risk controlling measures
will be carried out so that their effectiveness could be identified.
MAIN BODY
1. Introduction and keeping up to date on OHS issues by business
This question determines the manner in which elements are introduced to the various
issues relating to occupational health and safety. Along with it employees are updated on the key
issues which are persisting at the workplace. The Australian government have made it obligatory
for organisation to conform with the health and safety guidelines at the workplace (Talbot, J. and
Jakeman, 2011). The machinery, equipment and environment at the workplace can be the major
causes for the occurrence of the hazard at the workplace. Therefore such instances can cause
potential harm to the person itself. A business can develop a health and safety programme to
inform employees about the major risks which can arise and provide them with safety guidelines
so that hazardous salutation can be avoided. The justification for the same is that there are
numerous issues which are persistent in the market so an organisation have to inform its
employees regarding latest development in the business. This will be helpful in avoiding major
hazards in business. The major approaches through which significant fatalities could be avoided
are making workplaces safer and matters relating to health and safety of workers should be
thoroughly discussed amongst employers and workers.
2. importance of keeping exits clear of obstacles
It is very important that emergencies in business kept clear of obstacles so that they are
utilised in the best possible manner. This question aims to identifies the importance of keeping
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emergency exits when relating to a business organisations. Woolworths have always emphasized
on placing exit signs to navigate people in hazardous times. This organisation have numerous
doors and gateway marked as emergency exit. The major hindrances to these gateways are
caused by the boxes, containers and workstations (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna, 2016). Their
needs will not felt until occurrence of emergency situation in business. Therefore a professional
looking after the health and safety of business employees and customers must remove all these
obstacles so that safety of individuals is secured. The major approaches through which safety of
people is assured is that a appointed individual needs to be pro-active and ensure that exit path is
not cluttered. The person inside the building should be aware of the nearest emergency in the
building. The explanation for the same is that fire exits are to be kept clear of the obstruction for
the safety of people inside the premises.
3. Description of safety practices which can be carried out while working on computers
A business organisation comprises of numerous people who are supposed to be working
on the computers on a regular basis. It is extremely important for them to keep practising safety
measures as they are exposed to the hazards of lighting, air and noise. A person working on desk
is largely influenced by the design of the work station therefore it is the task for the management
to provide ideal desks so that ergonomic stances could be practised (Badri, Nadeau and
Gbodossou, 2012). The major safety practices which could be carried out are as follows:
 The sitting posture of the person is to be paid attention. For instance the position of legs,
neck, spine and shoulders should be vertical and relaxed.
 The lights in the surrounding along with computer brightness is to be taken into
consideration are to be maintained at a comfortable level.
 The eye examination should be conducted on a regular basis so that it implication on the
eyes are to be corrected.
 The clothing of individual working are to maintained at a comfortable level.
 The equipment which is offered to people should be suitable and safe to carry out work
stations.
The above practices are crucial for people working on the desks and ensure that the
working carries minimum impact on the routine functioning of the employee.
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4. Responsible individual for contributing and raising OHS issues
In a business institution such as Woolworths, there are person who are assigned with
responsibility of looking after issues and concerns of health and safety at the workplace. The
responsibilities for raising concerns relating to the health and safety practices in the organisation
are provided to everyone working in the company (Blewett and O’Keeffe, 2011). The safety law
defined by the Australian government allocate this responsibility to each and every member of
the organisation so that major hazards could be eliminated. This legislation obligates a
management to take necessary actions so that safety of people could not be compromised. The
employees are provided with opportunities to follow safety guidelines and to make sure that they
are not affected due to their work by wearing suitable armour.
But lately to control risk, an organisation have identified a personnel relates to the health
and safety practices within organisation. The personnel is provided with responsibility to
eliminate all the factors which can cause potential harm to business along with assuring welfare
of people at work. The health and safety representative is provided with a task in contemporary
business environment to deal with issues relating to health and safety of workers. He is
responsible to communicate relating to crucial matters. This functions which has been performed
by OHS representative knowns as consultation. In this approach various issues relating to health
and safety of workers is identified and workers are provided with a chance to speak do that
chances of occurrence of hazards are mitigated (Zanko and Dawson, 2012).
5. Identification of 3 potential hazards identified at workplace
A hazard is referred to causes which leads to illness and injury at the workplace. The
consultation with the employees have identified major types of hazards at occupation which are
as follows:
Blocked fire exits: It is defined to be one of the major hazards in terms of safety of
workers at the workplace. It is imperative to keep hallways and fire exits clear and obstacle free
so that it could be utilised at times of emergency.
Increased Workload: The workload which is provided to the employee carry a severe
impact upon the health of the employee. These types of hazards are categorised under the hidden
risks as they emerge in the long run of business. The increase in workload leads to stress and
high blood pressure among workers which gets extreme with time (Badri, Nadeau and
Gbodossou, 2013).
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Noise, dust: These are elements of health hazards at occupation. It effect of noise of
machines and equipment can result in temporary and permanent deafness. The presence of poor
quality air at the work environment increases chances of asthma and other respiratory diseases.
The major impact on this hazard can be identified in the long run.
The above mentioned safety and health hazards are identified by consulting members of
the workforce. Therefore it has become essential for the representative to define code of practice
which leads to formation of better work environment.
6. Description of procedures and instructions for assessing and controlling risks
It is imperative to describe procedures and instructions while carrying out risk assessment
so that it is carried out in the ideal manner (Marhavilas, Koulouriotis and Gemeni, 2011). Risks
are defined to be the probable occurrences in a business which leads to unfavourable
circumstances. It might result to lose something of value to a business. The losses to a business
organisation can arise in the form of physical, mental and social aspects. The procedure for risk
assessment is as follows:
Hazard Identification: to identify a hazard it is essential to ascertaining the risks which
are pertaining in the business environment. The various factors which can probably cause losses
to business are to be studied and their impact upon business is known. The various factors which
are to be understood which identification of risk is the history of illness and injury, consultation
to employees, safety audit.
Risk assessment: The identification of the major risks are to assessed by the concerned
individual. This risk is calculated on the grounds of being severe, frequency and intensity. If the
risk is intense and frequent a business have to find alternatives through which tasks could be
carried out. This tasks revolves around identification priorities which are to be carried out while
controlling risk.
Risk control: this is the last stage in the procedure to manage risk in an organisation. The
risk which have been identified as intense are to be eliminated by the business ( Frick, 2011). It
the risk can not be eliminated it should be substituted with activities which are comparatively
less risky.
For instance: the elimination of hazards could be carried out by making sure that all areas
such as stairs and hallways are free from obstacles and most suitable and tools and equipment to
be employed.
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7. Procedure of the company while dealing with accidents and importance of following
instructions
Accidents are defined to be situation of occurrence of injury or illness at the workplace
(Yazdani and et. al., 2015). There are numerous incidents which take place in an organisation
which makes it essential for them to be reported so that corrective measures could be taken. The
incident which are defined to be reportable involves occurrence of injuries however small or
large. Prior to the occurrence of the threat, a supervisor or manager is informed to fill up the
report available with the state authorities for their consideration. Death and injury is to be
reported to the authorities either written or through medium of phone. The reporting of the
accident includes the reason, details of the person, type of injury and place and reason of
occurrence. The time which is allotted to the employee responsible stands at 24 hours.
The alert signal is the first instruction which is provided to the employee. The evacuation
siren is played after alert signal which enforces employee to leave the building. If the instructions
are to be followed by the employees it assures that there is minimum chances of occurrence of
accident and incident relating to business (Nuñez and Villanueva, 2011).
8. Summarising and attaching a copy of the OHS procedures manual
The company have always emphasized on the assuring safety, health and well being of
the people working in the company. The company have directed its efforts to become one of the
safest place to work on the planet. The safety plan which has been formulated by the business
organisation so that level of health and safety could be maintained. The consideration is paid to
the legislation, safety and employment practices which are carried out in the organisation. The
employees, contactors and visitors can access OHS manual and has been offered on various
occasions relating to health and safety (Robson and t. al., 2012). Suggestions which are provided
by the concerned are always entertained so that it could be improved upon. The areas and
explanation in the document which are always difficult to understand are to requested to the
concerned for explanation.
The policies and practices which are defined in the manual by the company defies the
level of commitment they provide in keeping their employees healthy and safe. The guiding
principles are actively caring for each other. The safety of the self is to be prioritised rather than
focusing on work. The risk management approaches are to be paid attention so that laws and
requirement are to fulfilled by the organisation.
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(Source: OHS Manual, 2015)
9. listing three aspects of the workplace where occupations health and safety could be improved
A business consist of various aspects which can be looked and improved upon so that
status of health and safety could see a positive change in its working (Law and et. al, 2011). Here
listing three aspects of business organisation which could be improved so that there is an
inclination in level of health and safety at the workplace.
Workplace: The workplace design definitely needs a revamp. It comprises of desk,chairs
and monitor which carries a scope for improvement. The times spent on the poorly designed
workplace leads to decline in the health outcomes. Some major changes in the ergonomics lead
to attaining of reduction in the negative outcomes of health.
Equipment: The equipment refers to the tools and equipment which are offered to
employees to carry out their tasks. The equipment which is more user friendly and less noisy
tend to provide employees with more comfort so that outcomes are achieved (Fernández-Muñiz,
Montes-Peón and Vázquez-Ordás, 2012).
Environmental factors: The environment segment of the company can be significantly
improved so that there are positive impact on the standards of health and safety at workplace.
The quality of light and air at the workplace needs attention of the supervisor so that employees
are more comfortable working.
6
Illustration 1: OHS Manual

It can be ascertained that improvement of these mentioned aspects lead to provision of
ideal work environment to the workers. The benchmarks of health and safety could be achieved
when these aspects are modified.
10. Explanation of ergonomic to a layman
It can be difficult to provide an explanation to a person who have is not aware the term
ergonomics. In general term ergonomics can be referred to an approach in which revolves around
the comfort offered in the work environment. It tries to make an attempt work environment to the
employee and vice versa. The tools and techniques which are employed carries highest degree of
relevance to that of a worker. These practices are recommended to the organisation as they
eliminate the chances of illness and injury among working members (Eades, 2011). The
justification of the same is that employee are provided with an opportunity to raise their level of
performance prior to provision of suitable working environment. In layman terms, it aims to
create an environment which is most suitable to the employees so that they are able to work
safely and maintaining their ideal standards of health. The placement of making an environment
more secure and comfortable for employee from various aspects such as tools and equipment,
workplace design and external environment features as well. The brief description of ergonomics
will help in building a suitable working environment for employee so that they are able to work
according to their capabilities.
11 Noise pollution
In the business environment, there are numerous issues which an organisation faces and
factors that affects their business such as environment issues. Woolworths need to analyse their
surrounding environmental factors for reducing risk. Noise refer to any damaging and unwanted
sound in the working environment which changes from nuisance to loud industrial sound. Noise
can be impulsive or continuous kind that can be hazardous for human ear. Hence, noise pollution
occurs when sound disturbs, interferes and distract people, communication, environment and
lead to stress. In environment of Woolworths Supermarket, there can be various equipment and
source emerging the issues of noise pollution within organisation i.e. Machines such as fax
machine, photocopier, printer, telephones, air-conditioning noise, crowd noise etc.
Noise pollution can incur in internal and external working environment of Woolworths
that is require to control using better techniques and methods. It have been claimed that
Woolworths nearby residents are facing the issues of noise of cans and bottles tipping and pickup
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vans at company's parking space minimum three times a day. In order to end up these litter
amount, government is working over some rules for reducing noise pollution. This is essential to
analyse noise pollution as this has been an issues faced by this company.
12. Change in OHS issue, then record the process of the change from initiation to completion
This is fundamental to manage the occupational health and safety within an organisation
in order to support safety, welfare and care for employee of organisation. This is paramount to
coordinate change according to the incurred issues within the Woolworths for better safety
(Hinkson and Harris, 2011). Both employee and employer has the responsibility to contribute to
an OHS policies, process and issues to create better working environment. Woolworths were
facing various OHS issues such as negligence of worker. In order to resolve these problems,
there is whole process of change which is being undertaken by the organisation in order to meet
requirements of OHS.
Firstly, the initiation of change is being made according to legal obligation to manage
records of health and safety. The company need to keep or document the information of worker
or employer of organisation according to the Pictorial OHS act, 1985 section 21 (4)(b). In the
next process planning of change is being made in order to swift to next phase which is execution
of plans (Hinkson and Harris, 2012). Next stage is control the planned activities which is being
made for meeting the OHS issues. At last the completion of implied activities which is needed
for managing the negligence issues from company. This procedure help in meeting the incurred
change in systematic and organise way to meet determined outcome.
13. Who is in charge of OHS programs, and how is your budget for OHS run?
Proper management and administration is required for OHS for managing issues and care
related problems within the organisation. For proper functioning, Woolworth has whole
committee or group which undertake the issues. The director of Woolworths who manage the
entire issues of company is Broad Charter including Gordon Cairns, Brad Banducci, Jillian
Broadbent, Holly Kramer and other members of teams. The organisation have set the budget of
$250000AUS. This is the major part of company which is needed to know or be informed in
order to undertake various programs of OHS and functions the activities according to it.
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14. Twenty years ago if you did something completely irresponsible or stupid, it was the
employers problem. How has that changed
OHS help in managing the risk and hazards along with protecting the worker in their
working environment (Talbot and Jakeman, 2011). This supports some regulations and laws
which render the activities that a company and employer has some responsibilities and duties
toward their worker which help them in managing their affairs and issues. Though it can more
coherently understood through attempting the case of this question. While 20 years ago, in
Australasia, if there were any activity which is found or incur within organisation, it would have
been considered as employer's fault. But after the regulation, code of practices and regulations of
organisation, this whole activity or incident would be analysed properly without making
judgements. This is being evaluated that whose fault wad their behind the stupidity and
according to condition and consequences, the decision-making is being made within the
company. Thus, OHS has facilitated various services along with operating several regulation and
laws which has been protecting the unfair treatment in working environment of organisation.
This answer justifies the development in laws and evolution in governmental bodies which help
in growth.
15. What does NOHSC stand for
Occupational health and safety commission functions various laws and regulation within
the workplace of business organisation. On the initial level, this is essential to analyse the
concept of this term. NOHSC stand for National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
that provide better coordination and leadership for efforts of nation to prevent the injuries, death
and disease at workplace (Reese, 2015). This has set some exposure standard for a substance
range in order to create safe and protected workplace and remove hazardous. This helps in
guiding note for the occupational prevention overuse syndrome in the employment keyboard. In
Australia, NOHSC refer to the national standards for health and safety in the working
environment in tittled document 'Strategy of National OHS 2002-2012.' by the relevance and
quality of provided information, NOHSC aims to influence activities and awareness among each
individual or company with play crucial role in development of performance in Australia's OHS
(Occupational health and safety). The knowledge and information related to NOHSC can help
Woolworths Supermarket in better functioning and management of their organisational
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workplace activities in order to meet the better working and avoid issues and hazards related to
such risk.
16. What state body regulates your organisation and how can you contact them?
Each business organisation whether it is retail company or health and social organisation
comes under the state bodies of Australia which help them, regulate them and proper functions
the operations through complying specific laws and legislations. Each Australian state has their
own legislations which covers the public and worker safety at the working environment of
company (Blewett and O’Keeffe, 2011). These are designed to render safeguard in the workplace
for entire worker and places, determining certain employer responsibilities, team leader
supervision etc. Woolworths Supermarket comes under the Victoria's government body i.e.
Occupational Health and safety Authority. The governmental territory is liable for regulating,
implementing and enforcing the worker's safety and other safeguarding activities. In order to
contact with OHS, one need to first contact their WHS regulator in regard of the issues and
conflicts emerged in company. Also they can use the get the require inquiry through online
enquiry system. This is essential for an business organisation or individual in order to understand
their rights and work within company in proper manner. Thus, this is appropriate to provide and
aware the knowledge in proper manner.
17 Conduct an OHS inspection
This is essential to complete the OHS inspection procedure within the workplace for
identifying the hazards linked with manual handling. This can help one in identifying risk and
issues within the workplace such as worker recognise the hazard of fall, trip, slip etc. This
undertake whole process of inspection include identification of hazards, controlling risk, control
risk, monitor and review the hazards and control them. Here are mentioned basic OHS inspection
format for Woolworths discussed under:
OHS INSPECTION
Hazard Report Form
Name of Employee: XYZ Date:
Location: XXX
Equipment: Boiler
Hazard Description: While boiling water, the equipment caught fire which has damaged an
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employee's palm. This could have led to fire in whole stores of Woolworths as well.
Recommanded Corrective Actions: Fire Alarm and other prevention kit.
Signature:
Remark of Supervisor:
Corrective Taken Action: Employee felt heat and left the whole mug so the hand did not
injured much. Also the company has changes the equipment along with evaluated of the
unexpected heat and fire. Woolworth is also examining the entire other requirement which can
risk the worker and their lives. Date:
Supervisor Signature:
There are various individuals which holds the responsibilities of inspection of OHS
within an organisation but in need, a worker of organisation like Woolworths report to manage
the risk. This is essential to prepare report over the register report for better functioning of
activities in future. Here are mentioned register risk report in the below photograph:
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Risk Register report:
The above report of risk present the data in which green is presenting the lower risk
activities in company, yellow risk, orange shows the high and red indicates the critical hazardous
which is needed to be solved within company for better functioning. Beside boiler, organisation
need to manage and maintain other equipments quickly before any serious injury.
When assessing the risk, there are various factors which is needed to identify and manage
in order to resolve the issues and risk within Woolworths which is mentioned as below:
 Frequency.
 Severity.
 Exposure Intensity.
The purpose of managing and examining these elements is to set and prioritise danger
according to their importance of controlling and resolving within the company. These elements
attempted in this part, explains the requirements of risk report, along with inspection of risk and
what are the elements which affects it which is essential to analyse for meeting the upcoming
threats and developing probable solution in organisation.
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Illustration 2: Risk report of Woolworths, 2017

18. Hierarchy of risk control
In order to control the risk, Hierarchy of hazard control is one of the effective manner
through carrying which an organisation can manage their operations. Risk control is a
fundamental procedure of setting and executing measures to monitor risk or hazards (Badri,
Nadeau and Gbodossou, 2012). OHS laws and legislation need organisations to monitor the
determined or recognised. For this, it is necessary to manage hierarchy of controlling risk to help
company like Woolworths workforce danger through: Eliminating Hazards: Eliminating the risk of manual handling which is most efficient
manner of protecting the worker safety. Substitutes risk with possing something with less hazards: Modification in the
condition of workplace and environmental situations. Isolate the risk: The risk or hazard is being isolated from Woolworths in order to
remove them from organisational workplace. Control of Engineering: In this engineering and controlling of activities is being made
for solving the issues and risk. Administrative control: Control and management of implied activities for resolving
issues and conflicts in organised manager.
 Personal equipment of protection: This refer to the probable equipment through which
one can decline the through managing these equipment.
This is essential to report the risk which are being identified that should be reported to the
Occupational Health and service for managing and controlling the hazards. Through the risk
control hierarchy, one can manage and control the risks as well as provide required information
which can help in better inspection of workplace and their development. Thus, this concept of
managing risk is being studied in order to control the issues and risks within the company in
better manner. Through underlying these steps of the process and admin the whole concept, an
organisation can control the issues or upcoming danger from Woolworths.
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W1 Responsibilities in case of fire
The responsibilities of a person in case of fire is to assist those injured or are in danger to
the safe area. In case of fire I have to make sure that right extinguisher is utilised which could
only be identified after paying consideration to the health and safety manual. The alert signal
followed by the siren to be played so that further accidents and injuries could be avoided. While
dealing with the fire it is essential to stand near an emergency exit so that escape is easy. My
efforts will be directed in leading people out of the building from the emergency exit.
W2 Who is your fire warden
Fire warden is a person looking after the arrangement of a business related to fire. They
formulate plan which leads to safety of people working for the business. My Supervisor is my
fire warden who helps people in leaving area so that their safety is assured. However the
government does not make it necessary for appointing fire wardens. This responsibility is
awarded to my senior and he looks after the emergency response in case of fire in the premises.
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W3. Evacuation area
This is important elements while analysing the risk and hazards within an organisation.
Most of the office premises are quipped with the Emergency system of evacuation rendering an
audible warning to individual or worker in order to inform them to prepare for the evacuation
process. The first phase is Alert signal in which beep sound is being made to inform worker that
they may need to evacuate.
Other phase is evacuation signal in which sound of siren proceed and emergency exit is
being made from floor.
W4. Specific type of fire extinguisher
There are various types of extinguisher of fire which is essential to utilise the right type
according to one's need. Here are tabled some of those:
Water red
Foam blue
Dry Chemical White Stripped red
Carbon Dioxide Black stripped red
Halogenated Hydrocarbon yellow
W5 Who is your OHS representative
There is a member elected for health and safety in an organisation. The person elected
looks after the health and safety of workers within an organisation. The organisation have
appointed a separate professional who looks after security and safety arrangement in the
business. He communicates with the other selects other fire warden and communicates with them
quite often to assure that all the criteria relating to health and safety are met.
W6 Dangerous chemicals to work in the area
There are numerous toxic chemicals which are used at the workplace. However the
business is making numerous attempts to minimize the same so that chances of injury and illness
are minimized. The use of plastics and chemicals are used frequently in our company which have
turned out to be major cause for accidents and illness in the company.
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CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above report that it is essential for organisations to conduct
risk assessment on regular intervals. The occupational health and safety issues are to be
discussed so that rectification is to be carried out. It is extremely important to clear pathways and
stairways so that obstacles are removed. The work place design along with external factors is to
be emphasized so that workplace health and safety practices are to be conducted. To control the
risk it is extremely important to first identify it so that controlling measures are undertaken. The
national occupational health and safety commission is a body formulated by the government and
is responsible for looking after the health and safety practices in the business organisation.
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