Operation and Project Management: Review and Critique of Implementation of Operations Management Principles within Organisation

This article discusses the implementation of operations management principles within an organisation, with a focus on Marks & Spencer. It includes a review and critique of the principles, a continuous improvement plan, and an analysis of project methodologies and tools used.

Operation and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1- BUSINESS REPORT ......................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Review and critique of implementation of operations management principles within
organisation............................................................................................................................1
M1. Critical review implementation of operation management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles..........................................................................................2
P2 Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisation......................................................................3
D1. Appropriate theories and concepts to justify strategies of continuous improvement plan
for improved efficiency..........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
PART 2 ...........................................................................................................................................6
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used...........................................................7
M3: Evaluation of the reasons for application of agile methodologies, project leadership and
tools in regards to project life cycle of a specified project ....................................................8
TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................9
P4: Critical evaluation of the effectiveness of project life cycle for applying in the project
regarding adequate theories as well as models.......................................................................9
M4 Critical ascertainment of suitable theories as well as concepts that makes a differentiation
among large and small projects ...........................................................................................10
D2 Critical analysis of project life cycle for measuring its effectiveness in order to present
conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operation management producing product and providing services, it is important method
of business organization because it helps effectively and manage the employee's of the
organization. Operation management focuses on transferring the product and producing product
in a effective way which will have an organization to increases their profitability and
productivity. Project management helps in managing the all activities performing by the
employee's and guide the workforce which helps in attaining the targeted goals. The objective of
both the management is to make the structured plan to expand the business potential growth. It
can helps in providing and implementing the policies for the customer's as well as for the
organization. It helps in facilitating the policies and rules which can helps in continuation of the
organization. The selected organization is Marks & Spencer is major multinational organization
of London, it is founded in 1884 and delivering the clothes, food products and different type of
home products (Dedeić, Hrustemović and Ovčina, 2019).
This project contains two parts Part 1 contains the implementation of operations
management principles and part 2 contains the Project Portfolio which defines project title, it life
cycle and execution of project life cycle.
PART 1- BUSINESS REPORT
TASK 1
P1. Review and critique of implementation of operations management principles within
organisation
Mark & Spencer is the multinational company which producing the clothes and home products
around the UK. It is a retail shop of British which provides the food and clothes and they have
approx 100 countries where thy export their product through various ways. It has mission to
provide the standard quality product and services to the customer's so that they can increases
their organization growth potential. The employee's of this company helps in adopting the
innovation advanced technology according to the market trend (Wanyu and et. al., 2021).
Operation v\s operation management
Operation is associate with the product manufacturing with the high quality. Operation is
multidimensional area of performance which can handle the all activities of the business
environment. Adopting new technologies helps in increasing the output the Marks & Spencer
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because this brand spread among the customer's and it is most popular. It can also maintain the
delivery system because customer's choose the product through the online platform which
requires the perfect delivery system and customer's get satisfied by their product and services.
Operation system analysing the raw material to the manufacturing of the process because
selecting the best quality raw material is most important before manufacturing the product. The
operation system of Marks & Spencer coordinate and focuses on the manufacturing process from
raw material to the delivery system. Product quality is must for the customer's satisfaction along
with that services is also impact on the customer's mind (Xue and et. al., 2022). Operation system
is concerned with the planning and implementation of the policies in their organization. The most
important part of the operation system is to control all the product and service to the customer's.
M1. Critical review implementation of operation management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles
There are various principles of operation management which helps in promoting the
resources and services which works in amanner and utilize the resources in a proper manner.
Organization adopted various methodologies which can helps in improving their business. Marks
and Spencer adopted the six sigma methodologies in their business which includes:-
Six sigma methodologies:- This methodology can be applied in the business environment for
identifying the errors generated within the business environment. It has main focus on the
manufacturing department which eliminates the risk errors from the business organization.
Marks & Spencer acquired the six sigma methodology for reducing the errors occurs in the
organization (Yin, 2019). This can also helps in utilizing the resource in a effective manner
which can improves the production method. It provides different methods to improves efficacy
of the business structure and quality process and also enhancing the profitability and productivity
of an organization.
Lean principles:- The goal of the lean principles is to eliminates the waste material from
the business which can further gives the negative impact on the organization which includes,
cycle time of productivity, efficiency and the strength of the organization. It also improves the
team work capabilities and provides support to enhancing the team capabilities. The five lean
principles provides a framework for generating the effective and efficient environment in the
organization. Marks &Spencer applied these five lean principles in their organization which
includes value, map value stream, create flow, establish pull and pursuit perfection. These five
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principles are adopted by the Marks & Spencer which helps in creating the better flow process in
organization and developing the improvement culture in their business. Due to the lean principles
organization should remain competitive and increases the value of organization among the
customer's and in the market place.
P2 Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisation
Continuous improvement plan helps in generating the action plans which can brings the
changes in organization. Different strategies and approaches helps in encouraging the work force
and the company operation. Improvement plan provides right pathway which can helps in
developing the organization. Marks & Spencer adopted various strategies which can focus on
innovating the business. Employee's should be more motivated and update according to the
market trend because organization manufactured the designer clothes as per the customer's
demand (Hosseini and et. al., 2020). Lean principles helps in developing the improvement plan
which can increases the growth potential of the business. There are some factors which are
described by the lean principles.
Total quality management:- There are various technique which are useful for the
analyzing the performance of the business and encouraging employee's to work in a effective
manner. Marks & Spencer applied these methodologies by which customer's can easily engage
with the product because their workers are more focused on the needs and experiences of their
customer's. The TQM analysis the performance of the operation and provides a framework by
which organization can build long term success and focus on improving the quality which makes
customer's satisfied. This strategy reduced the cost and makes the better cost management which
can also increases the customer's retention loyalty because Marks & Spencer delivery the best
quality of clothes with different designer pattern. These strategies and improvement plan helps
an organization to achieve their targeted goals.
Supply chain management:- This strategy helps an business organization to develop
plan and manages all the resources which are used for producing the best quality product. In this
strategic plan lean principles includes the planning and implementing of the policies, improving
the quality of the product and delivery the product as per the customer's demand. Marks &
Spencer applied these methods to improve their production and operation methods so that the
customer's get more satisfied and increased their sell (Zheng, Zheng and Zhang, 2021). The goal
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of the supply chain management is to make more profit through customer's satisfaction and
delivering the best quality clothes among the customer's which can also increases their brand
image. Marks and Spencer creates continuous development plan which can helps in monitoring
the all activities of the business operation.
Usages of various technologies helps in operation which can reduces the risk cost and increases
the brand image. The implementation plan is most effective for the business environment
because these changes can enhance the productivity and operation activity of the organization.
M2. Analysis effectiveness of continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories
There are various theories and approaches which can helps an organization to implement
the policies and theories. Marks & Spencer adopted many theories in the their planning
development which can increases the growth potential of the organization. The manager of the
company implemented theories for the continuous improvement in their organization which will
provide a better path for growing the business. The effective theories are utilized to analysis the
organization activity and also motivated to the employee's so that they can stay motivated. These
theories also maintains the quality of the product because TQM maintains the quality of the
clothing brand by which customer's can get satisfied and increases the brand image of the
organization (Wirtz, 2020). The theories and models of helps in recognizing the resources used
in the production.
D1. Appropriate theories and concepts to justify strategies of continuous improvement plan
for improved efficiency
Business environment used the theories and models for innovating the resources and also
adopting the new resources by which their employee's get more focused and stable. The
management of Marks & Spencer used lean principles factors and TQM theories for analyzing
the operation and productivity system of the business. These effective theories maximize the
brand image among the market because improvement in business can change the productivity of
the business environment(Hendayani and et. al., 2022). Employee's are more focused and
motivated to achieve their targeted goals and also increases the growth potential of the Marks &
Spencer.
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CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is concluded that operation management creates the higher
level of efficiency of the business. Marks & Spencer used various theories and approaches which
can increase their brand image and also provides many was for improvement. The manger of the
Marks & Spencer implemented the policies and different strategies which can bring more
advance technologies and changes so that their business can participate in competencies with the
other brands. Lean principles and TQM analysed the operation activities and also improves the
quality of the product. The main focus of the TQM is to delivery the best quality clothing
product to to the customer's.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dedeić, N., Hrustemović, D. and Ovčina, A., 2019. Satisfaction of nurses with operation
management and functions and reflections on satisfaction of health service
beneficiaries. Medical Journal, 25.
Hendayani, N., Muzakir, M., Yuliana, Y., Asir, M. and Wahab, A., 2022. Best Practice of
Financial Management in SMEs Operation in Digital times. Budapest International
Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(1),
pp.3350-3361.
Hosseini Jolfan, M., Hashemy Shahdany, S. and Javadi, S., 2020. Assessing the Effectiveness of
the Centralized Proportional-Integral Control System in Improving Operation
Management of the Main Irrigation Canal and Aquifer Storage and Recovery in water
shortage conditions (Case study: Qazvin irrigation District). Water and Irrigation
Management, 10(2), pp.281-299.
Wanyu, C., Tongjun, J., Jianmei, C., Jinghua, Z. and Xueran, Z., 2021, July. Research on
Operation Management and Maintenance Strategy of Communication Network. In 2021
2nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Network Security
(CCNS) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Wirtz, B.W., 2020. Business Model Operation. In Business Model Management (pp. 217-225).
Springer, Cham.
Xue, M., Chew, A.W.Z., Cai, J., Pok, J., Kalfarisi, R. and Wu, Z.Y., 2022. Improving near real-
time anomaly event detection and classification with trend change detection for smart
water grid operation management. Urban Water Journal, pp.1-11.
Yin, J., 2019. Over-Leaping the Middle Income Trap and the Innovation of Rural Production-
Operation-Management System. In China’s Reform to Overleap the Middle-Income
Trap (pp. 79-89). Springer, Singapore.
Zheng, P., Zheng, P. and Zhang, H., 2021, May. Design of open IT operation and maintenance
management system based on Data Mining. In 2021 International Conference on
Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE) (pp. 462-
465). IEEE.
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PART 2
Project title:- Project title is most important for the project management because it can provide
the relevant information regarding the project and individual can understand and focused to
complete their task.
Overview of case study:-
According to the given case study, The case organization is Siemens which is in
Midlands. The organization having 1200 employee's in which there is working and office staff is
included. The working staff having more issues and difficulties on-site catering services in the
construction site. There is the office department for maintaining the problems and initiating the
changes which can helps workforce to solve their issues. The company hire the new members
which are responsible for reducing the issues of employee's within the organization. The
construction process creates more disturbance to the working employee's as well as the near by
people. The project and programme office management provides the healthy lifestyle to their
worker so that they can feel relaxed and focused on their working (Nazarenko and et. al., 2022).
Description of each step of PLC in relation to the chosen on site organization which
supports in documentation.
Project life cycle is essential for the project manager because these steps successfully
manage a project and gives the best pathway for the improvement in the project. The project life
cycle supported in the documentation in each step of the task and project procedure. Evaluation
of the project life cycle in on-site catering which includes:-
Project initiation:- It is the initiating point where organization can make a plan for
successful growth of the project. This point contains the mission and vision of the project which
determines the given task and secure approval. They have choice to cooperate with caters who
can cook at construction site as permanent employees. This practice help them to have on-site
food for their staff members and gives flexibility to their staff members. Project manger of the
Siemen analysis the financial,operational and legal activities of the project. Employee's get helps
within the tool and planing method to complete their task. As per the given scenario, main
objective of the project is to reducing the problems of working employee which they are faced
during the lunch break (Nicoletti, 2020). The progress of the project is measure in each step
because PLC helps in identifying the every step of the organization. It can also estimated the
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budget of the project which includes the transportation, license and other resource which is used
in the project.
Project planning:- It is the second stage of the project life cycle in which organization
focuses on the planning and development. In this step organization makes the financial plan and
resources which are required for completing the task. To run the organization management team
of the business can make decision and take action for the plan which can give more profit to
business by adopting the organisation plan and policies. The planning factor gives the
framework by which employee's can achieve more success in completing the task. As per the
given scenario, resources required for completing the task are setting up with in the project. The
manager team should provide the training to their working employee's so that they can handle the
catering process without any difficulties(Spengler and et. al., 2020).
Project execution:- It is the third stage of the project life life cycle which describes about
the performance of the project along with documentation support, issues and alteration in the
documentation. According to the given scenario, project execution is the documentation process
which can measure the performance at each stage because they can analysis the errors generated
within the project at immediately and improves them before facing more loss. This procedures
focuses on completing the documentation procedures of the project and also reducing the risk
factors which occurs hindrance in completing the task.
Project closure:- It is the fourth stage of the project life cycle which ensures about
documentation process which includes acceptance and cancelling of the documentation.
Analysing the raw material weather it is fresh and accurate or not and it is under the management
team they can accept or cancel the document In this scenario, there is completion and closure of
the project by communicating all the employee's who are involved in completing the project
which helps in maintaining the better records which is necessary for the improvement and
succession of the project (Poth and Riel, 2020).
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Agile methodologies:- It is approach to project management which helps team deliver
which attend the feedback of customer's. It makes the regular communication with the customer's
and stakeholders for each step of the performance and activity of the project.
Agile methodology the main focus on the customer's satisfaction in which management
team of the business makes the interaction between the customer's on the regular basis. Due to
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the communication process project can reached to the targeted goals which give maximum
satisfaction to the customer's and project is developed as per the demand and requirement of the
project. Continuous development is also provides the benefit to the organization because this
action can analyses the every step of the project procedures for better modification and
improvement. Good interaction also effective method for increasing the growth potential of the
organization, on the regular basis communication flow with all the stakeholders who are
participating in completing the task. Regular mortification is also effective action of agile
methodologies which implements the changes within the organization for more profit and
increases the productivity. Regular modification helps in maintaining the demand of the
customer's as per the requirement of the customer's which helps in modification of the project on
the daily basis (Nazarenko and et. al., 2021). The frequent delivery describes that project is
analysis in each step with the help of project life cycle which can reduced the risk and loss of
project. Better cooperation with the employee's and customers also includes in agile
methodology which describe that coordinate among the people contributes to complete the
project.
Project management tools:- The tools are used for measuring the performance level of
the project. These tool assist the project manger which can manage the progress of the project of
the Siemen organization. Network diagram is used for the evaluating the growth and success of
the project. Project tools are more helpful and effective in identifying the factors which are
useful or create disruptive in the project completion. The management tool is more useful for the
managers because they can recognize the overall performance level of the successful project.
Project leadership:- This action helps in motivating the staff members of the
organization who are involved in completing the project as well inspiration them so they can
focus on the task. With the help of this methodologies managers can focus on the performance
and activity of the project. Manager provides the best pathway to their employee's so that they
can provides the effective way to improve their efficiency. The manager should be more focused
on driving the business towards the successful pathway.
M3: Evaluation of the reasons for application of agile methodologies, project leadership
and tools in regards to project life cycle of a specified project
Agile methodology is essential for the project mangers because this tool helps in
managing the all activities and performance of the project level. These methodologies helps in
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taking the best decision towards the organization as well as measures the action and progress of
the project. The title of the project is on site catering service at Siemen, in which project
leadership tool is more effective for analysis the performance of the project and also motivating
the employee's so that can achieve more success in completing their task (Wang and et. al.,
2021).
TASK 4
P4: Critical evaluation of the effectiveness of project life cycle for applying in the project
regarding adequate theories as well as models
It is evaluated that project life cycle is used for managing and controlling the activity and
performance outcomes of the project. The effectiveness of the project life cycle with context of
Siemens which includes various factors such as :-
Key performance indicators:- This factor is considered as more essential because it can
measure the overall performance level of the project. Project manager of the Siemens are
maintained the schedule of labour, wages and scheduling techniques for employee's. The project
manger set the different key performance indicators which includes estimation of completion of
the project and cost spend on their project task. There are various program theory which are used
and effective for the project manger that can leads to determines the performance outcomes of
the project. These theories are essential for the managers of Siemens to prolonged their on-site
project for catering service in different parts.
Benchmarking:- It is the process of measuring product, service and processes on the
basis of recorded performance level. This theory is more effective for the project managers
because they can analysis the individual activity of the employee's and also the effectiveness of
the product and service which is used in their organization. By comparing with the past
performance record manager can reduce the issues which was generated with in the project.
Benchmark is the set of specific project which maintains the quality of the project and also
improves the efficiency of the project (Sundarraj and Natrajan, 2019).
Performance management :- These techniques are used for evaluating the progress of
the project and maintains the specific tasks of the project. It is most important for the
management team of the Siemens to analyzing the outcomes of the project as well as staff
members action and efforts in completing the project. For managing all the activities of the
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project ,managers should have to set the policies for the catering services in which they can
identify the level of performance of the project. The Siemens managers focused on providing the
healthy meals to their working employee's so that they can satisfied with the management of the
organization.
M4 Critical ascertainment of suitable theories as well as concepts that makes a
differentiation among large and small projects
There is big differentiation between the small and large projects, the major difference
analyses is that the large project separated into small parts due to reducing the complexity and
difficulties generated with in the project. Agile methodologies are used for reducing the risk and
harmful action which can distributive the organization. Giant charts are used for small and large
business for analyzing the action in a effective manner. Work breakdown structure is used for
dividing the task for small and large project to the employee's in effective manner.
D2 Critical analysis of project life cycle for measuring its effectiveness in order to present
conclusions and recommendations
From the above discussed information, it is concluded that project life cycle helps in
analyzing the execution of the project and also measure the outcome of the project. For
measuring the effectiveness of the project life cycle management used the various methodologies
and approaches of project implementation which includes key indicators, agile methodologies
and project leadership strategies are used by managers to maintain the project.
It is recommended that business organization require various strategies and methods for
measuring the performance and effectiveness of the PLC. It is recommended for the project
managers that they should have to analysis the activity of the project and measures the each level
of the performance which can reduce the complexities of the project.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Nazarenko, A., Vishnevskiy, K., Meissner, D. and Daim, T., 2022. Applying digital technologies
in technology roadmapping to overcome individual biased
assessments. Technovation, 110, p.102364.
Nazarenko, A.A., Sarraipa, J., Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Grunewald, C., Dorchain, M. and
Jardim-Goncalves, R., 2021. Analysis of relevant standards for industrial systems to
support zero defects manufacturing process. Journal of Industrial Information
Integration, 23, p.100214.
Nicoletti, B., 2020. Procurement 4.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The Opportunities and
Challenges of a Digital World. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Poth, A. and Riel, A., 2020, August. Quality requirements elicitation by ideation of product
quality risks with design thinking. In 2020 IEEE 28th International Requirements
Engineering Conference (RE) (pp. 238-249). IEEE.
Spengler, L., Jepsen, D., Zimmermann, T. and Wichmann, P., 2020. Product sustainability
criteria in ecolabels: a complete analysis of the Blue Angel with focus on longevity and
social criteria. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 25(5), pp.936-946.
Sundarraj, M. and Natrajan, R., 2019. A sustainable method to handle dark data in a smart
factory. Software Quality Professional, 21(4), pp.21-33.
Wang, R., Nellippallil, A.B., Wang, G., Yan, Y., Allen, J.K. and Mistree, F., 2021. A process
knowledge representation approach for decision support in design of complex
engineered systems. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 48, p.101257.
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