Project Management Research and Its Impact

The assignment provided is a collection of research papers and articles on project management. It includes studies on internal stakeholders' behavior in project portfolio management, the impact of project management on success, and various methodologies such as Earned Value Project Management. The document also explores the future of operations management, the value of project management, and the role of project management offices in knowledge brokering. Additionally, it touches on green project management practices for sustainable construction and the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.

OPERATION AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Review and critique implementation of principles of operation management .....................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
A) -Discuss what is a Continuous Improvement.........................................................................4
B) Prepare a continuous Improvement Plan based on your review above within the
organizational context you have chosen.....................................................................................4
C)Use the continuous improvement plan for a business case and analyses its effectiveness
using the organizational theories ,concepts and models............................................................5
D) Develop Strategies for efficient implementation of continuous improvement plan .............5
E-Apply organizational theories ,concepts and models to justify your strategy ........................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
a) A business case : this will explain the importance of the new product ,its target market and
cost benefit analysis of the project .............................................................................................6
b) Project plan : explanation of each stage of life cycle in relation to your Project ................7
c) Prepare a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS ) for developing of a new product ..................8
d) Produce a Gantt Chart based on the WBS above clearly depicting critical path and project
completion time frame ...............................................................................................................9
E) Provide theoretical and conceptual arguments to justify the use of project methodologies
...................................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
a) Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to your project using the
appropriate theories models and concepts used in the project management ............................10
b) Why designing and implementing PLC is important to execute the project successfully ?. 10
c) How cost saving techniques could be incorporated in PLC ?...............................................11
d) What different techniques could be used to ensure quality ,scope and tenure in the project
implementation ? ......................................................................................................................11
e) Critically analyse how different theories ,concepts and models could be used between large
and small-scale projects ...........................................................................................................11

f) Critically evaluate the PLC you have prepared within practical and theoretical frameworks
...................................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
.......................................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operation Management is primarily important for each business venture which helps with
outlining and controlling of generation process and also upgrading business activities in
assembling of items and administrations (Antonio Martins and Ramos Martins, 2012). In this
task, picked organization is Haier which bargains in assembling of electronic items like iceboxes,
clothes washer and so forth. Firm needs to go into new market of huge size TV of 58 inches. The
report incorporates, review and investigate of activities administration standards execution and in
addition a consistent change design will be set up on that premise. Utilization of each phase of
item life cycle for creating essential supporting archive and basic audit of adequacy of PLC by
utilizing reasonable speculations and ideas is incorporated into this task.
TASK 1
P1 Review and critique implementation of principles of operation management
In each association, there is an organization group which control all exercises of firm
(Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013). Haier has decided to introduce new range of television which
is of 58 inches. So the company needs to adapt such practices that create highest level of
efficiency. With the application of principles of operation management, Haier can convert its raw
material into final goods and services as optimally as possible so as to generate higher revenues.
Principle of Operation Management:
Reality: Operation manager of Haier initially should focus on the problem rather than focusing
on techniques. By using this principle, Haier tries to eliminate the issues which they face while
launchings its new product in the market.
Organisation: Manufacturing processes of Haier are interconnected. All elements that are going
to be covered must be taken into account so that it become easy for Haier to generate significant
amount of profits.
Fundamentals: Haier is applying Pareto principle in their business practices and operation i.e.,
20% of achievement originates from utilization of new strategies to forms and 80% from strict
adherence to keeping up disciplines and records correctly. As the Haier Group has decided to
launch new television, therefore the company needs to target first its loyal customers of other
product (Blomquist and et. al., 2010).
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Accountability: Managers of Haier Group are required to set principles and characterize duties to
their subordinates. It would likewise anticipated that would check frequently if objectives are
met with a specific end goal to ensure that workers are putting vital endeavours.
Variance: Haier needs to encourage its variance and consider them as an opportunity and try to
find to best possible solution for overcoming such shortcomings.
Causality: Issues are manifestations and they are impacts of hidden reason. It is important for
administration of Haier Group to focus on them with a specific end goal to discover underlying
driver of it and dispose of issue (Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013).
Managed Passion: Passion of workforce can be a fundamental driver of Haier's growth and
development. Also Haier's manager are taking initiative in terms of improving productivity and
efficiency of its employees by arranging adequate training session for them.
Humility: Rather than focusing on trial and error method, managers of Haier should
communicate their limitations i.e. get, help and move on”.
Success: It will dependably think about client's advantage. Accomplishment of Haier depend on
its customers. Thus, it is fundamental for Haier to change every one of the standards periodically
with a specific end goal to keep customers (Brauers and Zavadskas, 2010)
Change: There are different speculations and arrangements along these lines, firm ought not stay
with one. Haier needs to grasp and oversee it to achieve maintainability so as to attain its both
short and long term objective.
Six Sigma: It is an example which is used by Haier to enhance nature of activity administration
through taking out blunders. It will help with diminishing expense and in addition spare their
time. As the Haier is launching 58 inches television for the first time in market so they need to be
very careful. Six Sigma is a device that helps with taking care of issues in regards to tasks and
quality administration. It is a five stage process that incorporates
 Define: It particularly incorporates characterizing of Haier's framework, client voice and
their needs and in addition venture objectives.
 Measure: In this stage, essential highlights of current process of Haier i.e. introducing
new television range of 58 inches is estimated and important information is gathered by
administration keeping in mind the end goal to compute the capacity of process.
(Fernández-Sánchez and Rodríguez-López, 2010). For example: Data is collected
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regarding how many customer will like this new range. In-fact before launching, R&D
department of Haier investigate regarding how consumer will response to this new
product.
 Analyse: Collected information is broke down by manager of Haier and then pass on to
research and confirm cause-impact relationship. Under scrutiny, it is guaranteed that all
elements are considered with a specific end goal to search out fundamental driver of
issue.
 Improve: In this, operation manager of Haier is going to streamlined its present process
based on information examination by utilizing procedures like slip-up sealing, plan of
investigations, standard work to grow new process and so forth. Pilot runs are set up to
present process ability.
 Control: Future state process is control with a specific end goal to guarantee that
deviations are redressed before they resultant in abandons. It is important for Haier's
manager to execute control frameworks like creation sheets, measurable process control,
visual work environments and so forth for consistently observing the procedure. It is
rehashed until the point that normal level of value is gotten.
Lean Principle: Lean rule is a five stage point of view which is utilized to direct the execution
of lean procedures. It is anything but difficult to perceive yet difficult to achieve. This principle
is adapted by Haier Incorporation and its steps are listed below:
 Recognize esteem: In this progression, esteem is determined from perspective of end
customer by item family which help Haier in making products accordingly. As a result,
they are able to fulfil customer needs in more effective and efficient manner (Fleming
and Koppelman, 2016, December).
 Guide esteem stream: Under this, every one of the means are recognized by Haier's
manager in esteem stream for each item family and every one of those means are
disposed of that don't make any esteem.
 Make stream: Value making steps are figured that happens in tight grouping so products
will stream easily to client that ultimately aid Haier in meeting the requirement of
potential buyers according to its diverse needs and wants.
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 Build up pull: In this, as the stream is presented, given buyers a chance to pull an
incentive from next upstream action. It help Haier in determining whether customer are
liking its new product or not.
 Look for flawlessness: As esteem is recognized, esteem streams is determined by Haier
manager superfluous advances are wiped out and draw and stream is presented, start the
procedure again and proceed with it until the point when flawlessness state is come to
and culminate esteem is make with no waste (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012).
TASK 2
P2
A) -Discuss what is a Continuous Improvement
Continuous Improvement alludes to a progressing enterprise to upgrade items and
procedures. It is an arrangement of exercises that are outlined keeping in mind the end goal to get
general enhancements items and administrations by consistent estimation, survey and activity.
B) Prepare a continuous Improvement Plan based on your review above within the
organizational context you have chosen
Source Existing performance
level
Improvement in
strategies
Expected Outcome
Promotional events On account of
absence of promoting
better, purchasers
can't buy TV as data
identified with item
are not getting by
clients in legitimate
way.
Haier should utilize
suitable special
system keeping in
mind the end goal to
advance their items
and offer them in
advertise. Item is
promoted such that it
draws in client more
to purchase.
By utilizing
compelling special
techniques, firm can
convey esteem and
advantages of their
item to clients in
powerful way and
clients get more data
about their extensive
screen TV.
After sales services Organization isn't
giving legitimate
It is required by
organization to open
View of all people are
unique. By enhancing
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after deals
administrations to
clients. They don't
give any guarantee on
item (Mir and
Pinnington, 2014).
Their administration
focuses are less in
number because of
which clients
confront a
considerable measure
of troubles.
more administration
focus stores so as to
expand reach of
clients. Input ought to
be taken from clients
with the goal that
better administrations
can be given to them.
in procedures and
giving great
administrations, firm
can get great reaction
of clients. It is
likewise expected that
it will draws in clients
more towards mark.
C)Use the continuous improvement plan for a business case and analyses its effectiveness
using the organizational theories ,concepts and models
Continuous Improvement Plan turns out to be a compelling instrument for Haier Group
Corporation. Managers of Haier needs to utilize different research strategies keeping in mind the
end goal to guarantee better execution of item. For example: They can target upper class people
who buy their product. Haier can use different promotional channel for advertising about is new
product like social media, print media, electronic media (Pemsel and Wiewiora, 2013).
D) Develop Strategies for efficient implementation of continuous improvement plan
Persistent change arranging process helps chiefs in making enhancements in products and
procedures on general premise. By offering fantastic products, firm can build faithfulness of
clients. By following beneath characterized exercises, changes can be connected by firm.
Performance Management: Continuous improvement Plan provide great assistance to Haier
Incorporation in terms of launching new product in the market. Its strategy for performance
management swing to the 5S method. With the utilization of this rationality, organizations
discover they are better ready to keep up a work space that is sorted out and clean, advancing
upgraded usefulness, effectiveness, and profitability. Five systems are really utilized here: sort,
set all together, standardize, sustain and shine.
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Manufacturing: The Lean strategy followed by Haier centres around keeping up the nature of
one's items while wiping out waste and lessening the worker workload. At the point when this
strategy is utilized, Haier witness enhanced consumer loyalty, an expansion in representative
spirit and procedures that are more effective and streamlined.
General: Haier profit by the utilization of the Plan-Do-Check-Act consistent change technique.
This quality model is intended to be utilized as a part of a consistent change cycle. It provide an
opportunity To Haier to figures out where a change should be made.
E-Apply organizational theories ,concepts and models to justify your strategy
Different models are utilized by firm to apply methodologies in appropriate way. Use of
speculations like traditional, bureaucratic and logical methodologies will helps firm in playing
out their tasks in better way (Management Theories and Concepts at the Workplace, 2018).
These helps with expanding profitability of firm and in addition achieving focuses of Haier .
Chief of Haier Group Corporation apply different hypotheses and models for enhancing creation
procedure of firm and getting ready compelling plans and systems that controls bearing to them
for future strategy.
TASK 3
P3
a) A business case : this will explain the importance of the new product ,its
target market and cost benefit analysis of the project
HAIER needs to dispatch substantial size TV of 58 inches. For doing as such, they have
to lead research and make legitimate arranging identified with speculation, promoting, creation
and so on there are different sources that are accessible to present item in advertise. Among
those, it is required by organization to choose best strategy that builds the deals and incomes of
organization. The firm needs to dispatch substantial size TV of 58 inches. For doing as such,
they have to lead research and make legitimate arranging identified with speculation, promoting,
creation and so on there are different sources that are accessible to present item in advertise.
BUSINESS PLAN Executive summary – It mainly outlines snapshot of Haier including its current product
or services in which they are dealing or specialize in.
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 Company description – It describes what company mainly deals in, when it is
incorporated, what are its key products, future plans and strategies. Market analysis – It revolve around research about your industry, competitors and
market. Organization and management – It define management and business structure of Haier. Service or product – It encompasses what are the main products or services of Haier that
they are offering to its target customer. Marketing and sales – This stage revolve around how Haier is going to promote its new
product in the market place. What all marketing & promotional strategies, company
undergo so as to increase its sales and overall profits. Funding request – It deals with how much money Haier need for next 3 to 5 years so as
to make it product successful. Financial projections - Supply information like profit and loss statement, balance sheets
etc.
 Appendix- It is an optional section that covers resumes and permits.
b) Project plan : explanation of each stage of life cycle in relation to your Project
Project life cycle is identified as the standard process through which teams attain project
success. It administers a framework for managing any kind of product within organization. It is a
4 step process that involves 4 phases:
Step 1: Conceptualization phase: It is the initial phase or is starting point of idea or
project. Before initiating this phase, it is require by upper management to recognize strategic
need for project. This phase involves development of work statement, presenting business case
and building business contract (Ramasesh and Browning, 2014).
Step 2: Planning phase: It is the second phase in which once administration has given
approval to introduce project, a formal set of strategies, plans and initial goals are formulated.
This step involves determination of availability of resources, formulation of project budget and
initiating to assigning tasks to some resources.
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Step 3: Execution phase: In this stage, actual work of project is carried out. In order to
reach project goals, required tools, resources and materials are transformed. For ensuring
success of project, performance is constantly measured. It involves strategic and implementation
planning.
Step 4: Termination phase: It is the last stage which is also known as project closure.
Under this phase, project is completed (Robichaud, 2015). It involves disbandment of project
team, tools and personnel are reassigned to duties etc.
c) Prepare a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS ) for developing of a new product
It is useful for Haier n in terms of managing and controlling every task in a structured and
through manner. Under this structure, each and every task is divided among employees so that it
can be carried out properly. Haier Group is using this structure so that its pre-defined target can
be accomplished and as a result sales of its new product i.e. 58 inches new T.V increases. The
main purpose of work-breakdown structure is to reduce the complexities of activities into
collection of simpler task so that task can carry out in a systematic manner.
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d) Produce a Gantt Chart based on the WBS above clearly depicting critical path and project
completion time frame
It can be define as a graphical representation of the schedule project. With the help of
this chart, all task and activities of Haier can be completed within its specified time frame. One
the main benefit that Haier's operation manager will experience through this chart is its quality to
boil down multiple series of tasks and timeline into one specified single document that ensure
competition of task in a structured and thorough manner (Söderlund, 2016).
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E) Provide theoretical and conceptual arguments to justify the use of project methodologies
Critical Path Method is a step by step technique of project management that help in
identifying among all tasks which all are critical and non-critical tasks preventing process
bottlenecks and problems related with time frame. One of the main advantage that Haier's
manager will undergo is to have easier control on management and also it determine most critical
factors in the given project which alert management of Haier and enable them to pay more
attention towards critical activities.
TASK 4
P4
a) Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to your project using the
appropriate theories models and concepts used in the project management
With the help of project life cycle, it will become much easier for Haier to successfully
launch 58 inches television in the market. As the work which going to be carried out is divided
into four distinct and manageable phases. PLC is tried and tested method for delivering specified
on time even in its defined budget as well (Turner, 2011). This technique allow Haier's project
manager to link progress of each phase with another and recognize the completion of each phase
within its specified time limit or not. Basically with the application of this methodology, Haier
will be able to successfully launch its product in the marketplace.
b) Why designing and implementing PLC is important to execute the project successfully ?
Haier Group Corporation needs to enter in commercial center with their new item, that is
expansive screen TV. The organization has great picture and supervisor needs to put endeavours
for looking after it. They assumes critical part in giving great items and administrations to
clients. Utilization of PROJECT LIFE CYCLE isn't simple for Haier Group (Turner, 2016). It is
important because whole project is classified into different phases including Conceptualization,
Planning, Execution and Termination. Basically it is a kind of structured approach for delivery of
project within its stipulated time frame. PLC allow everyone working on the given project to
figure out how the project is progressing. In addition to that, roles and responsibilities is given to
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employees on the basis of its knowledge and skill which ultimately leads to increase the chances
of success of project.
c) How cost saving techniques could be incorporated in PLC ?
By implementing Lean Production and Just in Time approach, Haier cab control its
overall cost, time and energy. Being a new player in television industry, the demand of 58 inches
T.V is uncertain. Therefore, its members have decided to follow two key approaches of operation
management i.e. Lean Production and Just in Time approach. As Haier ensure to provide quality
product, Lean production help company to focus on cutting out waste whilst assure high quality
product (Ramanathan, 2016). As Haier is going to expand it product line by introducing new
range of television i.e. 58 inches screened television. Haier is the first one to launch such a big
size television, so they need to be very careful regarding plans and strategies for the same. With
this approach, Haier will not be able to successfully launch its product but posses an effective
limit on its production.
d) What different techniques could be used to ensure quality ,scope and tenure in the project
implementation ?
Project life cycle aids fruitful execution of techniques with respect to item. At the point
when Haier Group Corporation entering in new market, it is essential to first investigate it.
Numerous organizations are accessible in advertise that arrangements in comparative division.
Thus, it is difficult for Haier to contend (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012). For cost saving, Haier is
using Total Quality Management which is a kind of long term management approach that ensure
high level of customer satisfaction by providing goods and services of high quality. Under this
approach, all employees of Haier equally participate in improving product, process or services so
as to gain high competitive edge in the market.
e) Critically analyse how different theories ,concepts and models could be used between large
and small-scale projects .
Small scale project management is a specific kind of project management method used
by both small and large scale projects. Under this method, project is classified into different
factors such as duration, budget size, team, balance between completion of project and delivery
of project etc. According to the above mentioned report, it has been inferred that tasks
administration is critical for each business association as it is worried about outlining and
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controlling of generation process. By utilizing compelling devices and procedures, these plans
are actualized.
f) Critically evaluate the PLC you have prepared within practical and theoretical frameworks
Project life cycle aids fruitful execution of techniques with respect to item. At the point
when Haier Group Corporation entering in new market, it is essential to first investigate it.
Numerous organizations are accessible in advertise that arrangements in comparative division.
Thus, it is difficult for Haier to contend (Browning, 2014). This must be achieved if firm manage
brilliant administrations at less expensive rates. This will encourages in fulfilling clients more.
For improvement of items, firms first need to recognize advertise inclines and break down
requirements and requests of clients. This will help firm in delivering item according to their
requirements.
CONCLUSION
According to the above mentioned report, it has been inferred that tasks administration is
critical for each business association as it is worried about outlining and controlling of generation
process. It includes change of crude materials into completed products. Keeping in mind the end
goal to present new item in advertise, it is essential for administration to do appropriate arranging
and detail powerful procedures.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Antonio Martins, V. and Ramos Martins, M., 2012. Outsourcing operations in project
management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management
journal. 43(2). pp.68-83.
Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio
management and its impact on success. International Journal of Project
Management. 31(6). pp.830-846.
Blomquist, T. and et. al., 2010. Project‐as‐practice: In search of project management research
that matters. Project Management Journal. 41(1). pp.5-16.
Brauers, W. K. M. and Zavadskas, E. K., 2010. Project management by MULTIMOORA as an
instrument for transition economies. Technological and Economic Development of
Economy. 16(1). pp.5-24.
Fernández-Sánchez, G. and Rodríguez-López, F., 2010. A methodology to identify sustainability
indicators in construction project management—Application to infrastructure projects in
Spain. Ecological Indicators. 10(6). pp.1193-1201.
Fleming, Q. W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and
analysis. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(2). pp.687-701.
Lenfle, S. and Loch, C., 2010. Lost roots: how project management came to emphasize control
over flexibility and novelty. California Management Review. 53(1). pp.32-55.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success. International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-
based organisations. International Journal of Project Management. 31(1). pp.31-42.
Ramasesh, R. V. and Browning, T. R., 2014. A conceptual framework for tackling knowable
unknown unknowns in project management. Journal of Operations Management. 32(4).
pp.190-204.
Robichaud, L. B. and Anantatmula, V. S., 2010. Greening project management practices for
sustainable construction. Journal of Management in Engineering. 27(1). pp.48-57.
Söderlund, J., 2011. Pluralism in project management: navigating the crossroads of
specialization and fragmentation. International Journal of Management Reviews. 13(2).
pp.153-176.
Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy
Process in operations management. International Journal of Production
Economics. 138(2). pp.215-241.
Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
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Online
Management Theories & Concepts at the Workplace. 2018. [Online]. Available
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