Operations Management: Systems and Processes

This assignment delves into the core concepts of operations management. It examines the establishment and operation of management systems based on fundamental geomatics databases, highlighting their role in various industries like agriculture and energy. The text also explores different aspects of operations management, including demand-side management, microgrid optimization, and public transport planning. Various research papers and online sources are cited to support the discussion.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...............................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.........4
P3 Theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, Systems leadership and
contingency.................................................................................................................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play.....7
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.............8
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by Leaders and managers................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is essential for the company to improve employee's performance
so that they can earn higher profits. For proper management employer or manager can make
some strategies or plan for this purpose. They can also do deep analysis of each and every
process. If M & S limited manager their operational activities well then they can attain their
goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Like every company, M & S limited also want
best employees for them so that they can enhance their profits and also take advantage from their
competitors. The purpose of this report is to define the roles of the leader or the manger of the M
& S limited. Manager can also motivate their employees so that they can do their work more
effectively and efficiently (Bahmani-Firouzi 2014). They can also provide them training so that
it will help to enhance their performance and also develop their knowledge and skills.
LO 1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
M & S limited is an international organisation which is a retail store in UK. The main
function of the company is that they manufacture various types of clothes, food products and
luxury products for their customers. The quality of their products and services is very good so
that it helps to attract more customers towards them. There policies are also very attractive so
that it will help them to manage their operational activities very well. There distribution system
is also well organised so that it will help them to fulfil the demand of their customers timely. If
the needs and wants changed of their customers then they also make alterations in their policies
so that they they can avoid the wastage in the market and it will also help them to take
advantages from their competitors.
Leaders are very essential part of the M & S limited. They motivate their employees so
that they can do their work more effectively and efficiently. Leaders are those person who can
manage the team and all the activities which is related to it so that they can help their employees
to achieve the goals and objectives of company effectively and efficiently (Brennan and et. al.,
2011). Leaders are also that type of person who are well trained in their work and never hesitate
to face the problems. He can also take an effective decision to over from the challenges, whereas,
Managers are those person who manage overall activities which is perform within the
organisation. They are the management persons who make policies for the M & S limited. In a

simple words, manager are those person who is liable for all the activities which is happening in
the organisation.
There are various roles of leaders and managers in the M & S limited which are described
as below:
Leaders Managers
They are required in each levels of the
organisation so that they can help the
employees to execute the plans and
programmes.
They are those persons who set the objectives
for company and always motivate the
employees so that they can help them to attain
goals and objectives of the organisation
(HaimEyal, 2014).
Leaders are act like a representative of the
organisation.
Mangers of the company organise all the
activities of the M & S limited and also assign
the right job to the right person.
Leaders guide their employees about how work
can be done (Chen and et. al., 2012).
Manager can provide training to the employees
so that they can do their work more effectively
an efficiently.
There are also some main characteristics related to the leaders and manager of the M & S
limited which are described as below:
 They both have positive attitude so that they do their task or job effectively.
 They both are very honest towards their work and also their employees or team mates.
 They do their work with more patience.
LO 2
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts
M & S limited is an international organisation which do their business in world wide. So
that the manager or leader of the M & S limited face many types of challenges which can be
positive as well as negative also (Hao 2010). So it is necessary for them to deal wit situations
positively. Employer or manager of the company also face various types of problems which is

related to the competition in the market place. It is necessary for them to handle the situations
positively so that they can enhance their profits.
There are various types of problems which can arise in the M & S limited which are
described as below:
Various risk can be there such as:  Physical risks
 Geographical risks
 Personnel risks
 Technological risks
 Prioritizing risks
 Management risks
Natural disaster can be occurred like:  Drought
 Flood
 Earthquake
Political issues: If there is dispute between two countries.
Ethical issues.
These all situations can arise while M & S limited doing their operational activities which
is related to their business (Lindström ,and et. al., 2012). Environment is dynamic so that there is
uncertainties of any mis happening. No one can control over them but it is necessary for manager
or leader that they must deal with them very maturely.
There are various types of roles of leader which is related to the issues are described as
below:
 They can alter the policies of the M & S limited to overcome from all the difficult
situations.
 Leaders of the company also take all the necessary responsibilities.
 They need to act as maturely to deal with all these situations.
 They also need to understand all the problem deeply so that they can eliminate it from the
business activities.
 They need to create or develop environment more peacefully so that employee can do
their work effectively (Mohammadiand et. al., 2013).

There are also various functions of manager of the M & S limited so that they can face
the problems and also solve them effectively so that employee can do their work easily. There
are various functions of the manager to overcome from all the challenges which are described as
below:
 They need plan each and every steps which can be taken by them because if the planning
is done effectively then they can easily face the challenges and also handle them.
 The other function of the manager of the company is organising. They need to organise
each and every resources very well which are available for them.
 Staffing means they need to assign task or job to the right person so that they can get
effective outcome and also they do their work appropriately.
 It is also necessary to control all the activities of the organisation so that wastage can be
reduced and also proper utilization of resources can be done (Nakayama, 2012).
 Co – ordinate, it means it is necessary to co – ordinate every activities so that they can
attain the desired goals and objectives of the company.
P3 Theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, Systems leadership and
contingency
Theories related to manager is very necessary and it is always based on the productivity
of the M & S limited. It is very essential for organisation to implement activities in the
productivity so that they can enhance their profits and also satisfy the needs and wants of their
customers. M & S limited use the combination of theories while they make strategies for their
organisation. Also they use theories so that they can achieve their targets and also enhance their
profits.
There are various theories which is used by M & S and also helps to define about the
functions and roles of the leaders and managers are mentioned as below:
Contingency theory: This theory is very important because it helps to guide the manager
of the company to take an appropriate decisions which is according to the situations. Also it
helps manager so that they can adopt the policy effectively for to take the decision correctively.
This theory also helps the manager to deal the current situation so that they can create unity
among all the employees (Bucks ,2012).
System approach theory: It helps to show the rules and regulations of the M & S limited
and it must be follow by all the employees so that they can maintain the system of the

organisation. It is like a broad concept which helps manager or leader so that they can achieve
the desired goals and objectives.
Chaos theory: With the help of this theory M & S limited can change or alter their
existing policies and adopt the new. This theory helps to define that if there is any complexity
arise because of existing theory then change it or alter it so that manager or leader can reduce the
complexity within the business. If they want to increase the size of their business then they can
do it by expanding their existing business.
Theory X and Theory Y: The theory X believes that it is necessary to motivative the
employees and it can be done by the manager by providing them incentives so that they can
enhance their work performance. Manager of the company use this technique so that he or she
can encourage their employee towards their goals and objectives (Neck, 2010). According to the
theory Y the workers or employees of the company can motivated naturally. They always learn
through the responsibilities. It will also helps them to enhance their performance and capabilities.
Leaders and managers of the M & S limited use theories to manage their activities.
Generally they use situational, system based and contingency theory because these all show the
responsibilities of the leaders and manager effectively. It also helps them to deal with all the
situations of their employees. With the help of theories they can also try to understand the
problems or challenges which is related to future so that they can overcome from them. It also
help to employees to motivate towards their objectives and goals.
LO 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
In an organisation there are various type of key approaches that is very effective to for the
operations management. If M & S limited wants to achieve the organisational goals and
objectives then they need to consider each and every key elements. These are very important
while they are are design any product and also they need to prepare proper plan for their process
so that they can do their business activities effectively and efficiently. It is also very essential to
maintain all the activities and employees of the M & S limited and also need to manage co –
ordination between all the employees and employer within the organisation (Manz, 2010).
If they want to produce products and services effectively then it is necessary to follow
every process carefully. So that it can also attract the customers towards products. Every
products have their product life cycle which start with their introduction stage then product will

go to their growing stage and the third phase of the product id maturity phase after that it goes to
declining stage. So if the company wants to achieve maximum profit then they need to follow all
the phases effectively so that they achieve the target appropriately.
There are various key inputs which are required in the production process are described
as below:
 It is necessary that they must have proper materials so that they can produce the products
and services effectively. It is also very essential to assemble al the materials such as
labour, machine, plant etc.
 There is also a specialised person such as leader or manager that will guide the
employees so that they can attain the actual output which will help the M & S limited to
achieve maximum profit (Nayeripour, 2011).
It is the main responsibility of the manager to manager all the activities of the M & S
limited so that they achieve their target and also if there is any shortage of material then make
them available to employees. The main role of the leader is to try to produce products in
innovative and creative manner so that customers can attract towards it.
There are also some various key approaches are like lean production, total quality
management which will help to highlight the quality of the products and also make necessary
improvement on continuous basis. They can also alter their policies related to manufacturing so
that they can complete their production within the given time.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operations management is very essential for every organisation because if the operational
activities of the company is good then it helps them to enhance their profits. It also helps them to
increase productivity and sales of the organisation. The complicated work which is related to the
production is also handled by the operational department (White, 2016).
If they want to enhance or increase the quality of their work then M & S limited try to
add many thing which will be valuable for them. M & S limited always try t do their work
effectively for this purpose they use research methods also so that they can gather or collect the
necessary information which can also help in their decision making. They can also forecast so
that they can manage the activities which is related to their future. It also helps them to improve
their work efficiencies so that they can easily meet the objectives of the company. M & S limited
also use very effective policies for their business that will also help them to increase their

production. The main objective of the M & S limited is to minimize their losses and maximize
their profits. They can do that by proper planning so that they can target their market also. If their
strategies or plan is very effective then it will also help them to take advantage from their
competitors (Cruz, 2011).
Leaders and manager of the M & S limited can easily improve the efficiencies of the
operations management and for this purpose they can also use some necessary applications that
will help them to meet the needs of their objectives related with their business. Managers or the
leaders also adopt the strategies of the past leaders and some theories of the leadership that can
also help them in their business activities.
LO 4
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by Leaders and managers
There are various factors which can affect the business environment either positively or
negatively. It has great impact on the operational management and can also affect their decision
making process which is taken by manager or leaders.
There are various factors which can affect the business environment are described as
below:
 Educational factors
 Technological factors
 Socio – cultural factors
 Political factors
 Legal factors
 Demographic factors
All the above mentioned factors can affect the decision which is taken by manager or
leader within the M & S limited. These all can also affect the operational activities of the
company (Marques, 2011).

There are also some other external factors have a greater impact on the operational
management of the M & S limited these are described as below:
Corporate social responsibility: This is very essential for every organisation and must
be done by them while they are enter into the market or they are going to introduce any new
product into the market. It is the major duty for all the companies which they need to fulfil. It
also help them to take advantages from their competitors in the market place and also help them
to build reputation in market.
Business ethics: It is very necessary to follow by each and every organisation. It is
related with the norms and values of the business that will help them in their business activities
and also to attain the objectives of the M & S limited. It also helps to show the corrective path to
the leaders and manager of the company so that they never break ethics (Ming, and et. al.,
2013).
Stakeholders: These are very important part for any company because they help
manager to do their business by invest some amount of money. They are very essential for
company because they invest their money into the business of the M & s limited so that they can
do their business activities effectively and efficiently.
When manager take decision for their operational management then these factors play an
important role because many of the the business decisions are based on these factors. These
factors can affect the business of the M & S limited either positively or negatively. In simple
words, corporate social responsibilities, stakeholders and business ethics are very important part
of M & S limited because all these factors can affect the decision of the company. If company
kept in mind all those factors then it can also help them to enhance their profits (Lisi, 2010).
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that it is necessary for M & S
limited to manage their operation which is related to their business effectively and efficiently. So
that they can improve their productivity and also enhance their profits. Leaders and managers
both are very essential factors for the business. They motivate their employees so that they can
do their work with more effectively and efficiently. They also make some strategies so that they
can achieve the desired goals and objectives of the company. There are many roles and
characteristics of the manager and leaders which is also defined in this report. There are many
factors that can also affect the decision of the manager so that it is necessary to consider those

factors while taking decisions. If company provide products and services to their customers of
best quality then it will provide them satisfaction and that will also help them to take the advanta'
from their competitors.

REFERENCES
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