Management and Operation Report

This report analyzes Toyota's management and operations, examining its structure, leadership styles, key operational functions, and the impact of external environmental factors. It explores various management and leadership theories and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses in the context of Toyota's operations. The report also discusses key operational approaches like Six Sigma and Lean management, highlighting their value for the firm. Finally, it offers recommendations for future improvements in operational efficiency and business objectives.

MANAGEMENT and
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction and management structure of organization.........................................................1
2 Definition, roles and Characteristics of managers and leaders................................................2
3 Role of management and leadership in various situations using different theories.................3
4 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches of leadership and management with
conclusion on basis of theories of leadership..............................................................................4
5 Conclusion and Recommendation for future improvements...................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
1 Introduction to key operations to the organisation within the organisation.............................6
2 Key operational functions and roles and responsibilities of managers in it.............................6
3 Impact of key approaches of operational management within the firm and their value for the
firm..............................................................................................................................................7
4 External environmental factors that are been carried out and will help in decision making of
the managers and leaders............................................................................................................9
5 How operational efficiencies can be improved successfully meet business objectives using
management and leadership approaches...................................................................................10
6 Conclusion and recommendations for future improvement...................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Activities that are been carried out within an organization are considered as the operations
within an organization. Management of operations is the most prior and effective function of a
business and is required to be managed with effective planning of the operations and thus will
lead the proper assessment of the functional needs and objectives that are required to be meet on
the basis of the scale of operations carried out by the organization. The current assessment is
carried out in reference to Japanese automobile manufacturing firm, Toyota.
The report will cover details about the business enterprise with its organizational structuring.
Also, information about operations that are been carried out managers and leaders is been
presented with their application to different situation. The impact of managers and leaders on the
operations and effective recommendation are presented. Other than this, the roles and
responsibilities of managers and approaches to operations manager is been presented with
reference to appropriate leadership and management approaches and suggestive improvement
measures are presented.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1 Introduction and management structure of organization
Founded in 1937, Toyota is a Japanese automobile manufacturing enterprise having
headquarter in Aichi City, Japan. On the basis of unit of production, it is world’s second largest
automobile manufacturing company while, it is on sixth position on basis of revenue generation.
It is one of the leading companies to manufacture and sell hybrid vehicles and is known for its
mass production of automobiles on a larger scale.
It has Division based organization structure that helps in setting up a better hierarchy and
meeting operational objectives of the firm. It helps in following an effective hierarchy and thus,
leads to effective monitoring and communication helping the organization to improve their
quality of products (cars) and its manufacturing processes (Fagel, 2016).
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Figure 1: Division organization structure of Toyota
(Source: Divisional Performance, 2019)
2 Definition, roles and Characteristics of managers and leaders
Managers and leaders, both plays a very important role in carrying out the business
operations and assists in carrying the business operations in most effective way.
A manager can be termed as an authorized person within an enterprise whose role is to
look after and manage all the operations carried out by a firm like Toyota (Sterman and et.al.,
2015). They will analyze, plan and communicate the strategies and policies which are been
developed in order to improve the performance.
Leaders, on the other hand, are guiding bodies that will act as interlink between
management and employee’s and communicate the strategies or polices that are been developed
by the management of the organization.
Both leaders and managers have significant role in the handling of the operations and
thus will lead the organisation to see through the proper planning of the management measures
that are been carried out at the selected manufacturing enterprise.
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Both, leaders and managers have certain roles and characteristics which helps them to
manage operation in selected automobile enterprise are as follows:
Managers Leaders
They make policies and strategies in order to
execute a specific task or project.
They guide and motivates the workforce within
a team or department.
They keep an effective check on the operations
and look after the business operations and
activities in most effective way.
They will look after the communicating and
implementing the policies and action plans that
will lead the management of operations.
They possess the characteristics or qualities
like leadership, good communications, time
and resource management etc.
Their characteristics are strong communication,
team management, encouraging behaviour and
positivity.
Few of the major differences that separates management from leadership are:
Management Leadership
It is a process of looking after various
operations that are been carried out at the
workplace.
It can be explained as the motivation, guidance
and encouragement that is ben carried out to
get a project done by a team.
It is carried out all over an organisation. It is followed on team or group level.
3 Role of management and leadership in various situations using different theories
Leadership and management has a crucial part in the carrying out of the operations of
selected automobile enterprise, Toyota. Their coordination lead to effective management of
operations which are been carried out at the firm. Their role in maintaining different operational
situations are:
Developing and implementing strategies
Role of leadership: The leaders at Toyota will follow the situational leadership in this
case and will follow the path goal theory that will help in proper assessment of the environmental
conditions prevailing and develop the policies or strategies accordingly.
Role of management: In order to have a good development of strategies and policies,
managers will follow the system theory of management. It will assist the managers at Toyota to
set effective goals and targets and achieve them in most effective and significant manner. The
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interrelation of different components of organizational system will help in carrying out suitable
communication and development of strategic plan.
Training the work force within the organisation:
Role of leadership: The behavioral theory of leadership will help the leaders at Toyota to
identify the training or skill improvement needs for their workers and thus will lead the
improvement in skill sets and knowledge of their workforce. It will help the leaders to encourage
their team members or manpower to perform their job with efficiency (Glock and et.al., 2018).
Role of management: Using the human relation theory by Elton Mayo, the managers
will arrange suitable training measures and skill improvement functions which will help in
suitable placing of overall operations of the organisation. This will help in improving confidence
level of the work force within Toyota.
4 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches of leadership and management with
conclusion on basis of theories of leadership
Different approaches of leadership and management are been taken within Toyota in
order to manage a wider range of operations. This will help in managing the functionalities and
improving business performance of selected automobile enterprise. It also supports the enterprise
to achieve its targeted goals and plan the strategies accordingly. Some major leadership and
management approaches which can be placed within the Toyota are:
Leadership approach:
Democratic style of leadership: This is the most suitable and effective approach of leadership
that can be taken in consideration by Toyota to get their business operations fulfilled in most
effective way. This enables the organisation to include their workforce within the decision
making and hence, improves the performance of operations and loyalty of employee’s towards
the firm. It also encourages work force of organisation to improve their knowledge and skill sets
and giving out their best at the workplace.
Strength: The inclusion of work force or employee’s by the management in the
developing of any policy or strategy develops a sense of belonging and getting valued within the
firm. It will encourage and guide the employee’s at Toyota to give their complete effort and
work with dedication at the work place to contribute towards the growth of organisation
(Adebanjo, Laosirihongthong and Samaranayake, 2016).
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Weakness: As many employees are been included from different departments and
divisions of the company, the difference in their mindset and perception can lead to conflicts
which will help the firm to have a high level of operations and thus, may cause failing of
operational structure of firm.
Management Approach:
Contingency management approach: This management approach states that as per the
operations, there is no specific measure or manner to manage the operations of the organisation.
The set of circumstances and situations that prevails while operating or managing the business
operations will lay an influence on the functionalities of selected automobile enterprise (Ma, Hu
and Spanos, 2018). Thus, Toyota cannot depend on any one theory or model to get desired
outcomes from its operations. This approach of management guides the organisation to set its
operational and business objectives in most effective and suitable way.
Strength: As per the contingency approach of management, there is no specified principle or
strategy, the firm can adopt any management policy and thus will have a high level of
functionality. It improves the flexibility and feasibility of Toyota to carry out its operations.
Besides this, it encourages each employee to guide and put in efforts to get a specific task done.
Weakness: Although it provides flexibility and high level of feasibility to carry out the
operations, this approach is not viable to work in complex situations. It leads the state of
confusion or conflict that impacts the performance of the organisation and may cause a decrease
in functionality of the firm.
5 Conclusion and Recommendation for future improvements
On the basis of the detailed analysis and assessment of different approaches of
management and leadership, proper conclusion and recommendations can be given that will help
in proper management of the operations of Toyota in the future (Wensveen, 2018). The
assessment indicates that the proper planning and management of operations will lead the
organization to have a good assessment of the operations and carrying out the business
operations within the firm. This will help in handling the overall operations and thus will lead the
organization to meet the operational needs of the selected automobile manufacturing enterprise,
Toyota. Also, this can be further concluded that these approaches and theories will help the
management of the firm to device specific and effective strategies.
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Certain recommendations that can be followed by the organization for proper management
of their operations are:
 Proper assessment and evaluation of the operations can be taken place that will help in
meeting the operational management requirements of the firm.
 Managers and leaders at Toyota are required to develop proper communication channel
that will support execution of operations.
TASK 2
1 Introduction to key operations to the organisation within the organisation
Toyota being one of the major automobile manufacturing firm around the world. Thus, it
is required to mane its key operations on a larger scale that will help in getting the operations and
thus will lead to the rise in the operations which will help in proper assessment of the operations
which is been carried out within the firm. Being an automobile manufacturing enterprise,
designing, developing and selling out the cars are few of the major key operations that are
carried out within the organisation.
2 Key operational functions and roles and responsibilities of managers in it
Being the automobile manufacturing firm, Toyota is required to look after the proper
assessment of the key operational functions that will help in meeting the operational needs of the
company. This will help in setting the operations and thus, will lead the effective rise in the
carrying out of the operations that are been undertaken by the organisation on a higher level.
Some major key operational roles and responsibilities that are been undertaken within selected
automobile manufacturing enterprise is as follows:
Designing and developing the cars: This will be the prior and most crucial key function of the
selected automobile manufacturing enterprise (Mohar, Abdullah and Ho, 2016). Toyota will see
through the proper designing of elegant cars and carrying out its manufacturing process that will
help in meeting the operational needs of the firm. Managers at Toyota will carry out effective
market research and will analyze the needs of the buyers. This will act as guidance for the
production department to manufactures cars as per the buyers needs.
Maintaining the quality standards: Developing and designing innovative cars is not the only
key operations that is been carried out at the firm. The management of Toyota will look after the
proper assessment of the set quality and safety standards within the automobile industry. This
will help in meeting the customers as well as governmental norms. Managers at Toyota will keep
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a close check over the operations and thus, will lead to the rise in carrying out of manufacturing
processes meeting the operational needs of the firm.
Monitoring the supply chain: Toyota will also see through evaluation of demands and supply
of their products (Cars). Basically, Toyota sells out their products and other relational services
through its outlets all over the world. Thus, management of the selected automobile
manufacturing enterprise will see through fulfilling of demands and supplying their products
accordingly. Mangers will generate reports of the demands all over the globe and taking effective
steps to meet that demand.
Looking after the inventory: The firm will see through proper management of inventories or
stocks in order to ensure hassle free performance of automobile manufacturing enterprise
(Maylor and et.al., 2018). Managers at Toyota will look after the carrying out analysis and
evaluation of inventories and thus, will lead the organisation to meet the operational needs of the
organisation. They will also look after the proper assessment of logistics functions carried out at
the selected automobile manufacturing firm.
3 Impact of key approaches of operational management within the firm and their value for the
firm
In order to carry out the operations at the work place, suitable operation's management
approaches are been carried out at Toyota. These approaches will help the firm to improve the
overall functionality and performance and hence, lead to effective rise in productivity and
revenue generation of the firm (Prashar, 2015). Some major operation's management approaches
that are been carried out at the organisation are:
Six Sigma Approach: It is a data driven operations management approach that is adopted by an
organisation in order to improve the customer satisfaction level and will help in removing defects
from the manufacture goods. It includes certain quality standards that are required to be et by a
product (car) in order to move in market.
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 Define: In this stage, the problems will be defined in order to be resolved and setting up
of the objectives that will help in carrying out the project operations that will help in
improving quality standards (Karlsson, 2016).
 Measure: At this stage, Toyota will set the base standards that are required to be fulfilled
by the firm or a product in order to meet the quality standards set in previous stage.
 Analyze: This will help in identifying the reason and impact behind a relation or
coordination that will help in carrying the functional (manufacturing) operations of the
organisation. This will require managers to carry out proper assessment of problems or
issues in manufacturing operations of the firm.
 Improve: Based on the analysis carried in previous stage, suitable modification are been
made and furthermore validation process is been carried out that will help in setting the
operational needs of the organisation as well as their customers.
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Illustration 1: Six Sigma
Approach
(Source: Miller, 2014)

 Control: Once the improvements measures are been analyzed, developed and
implemented within a system to rectify any sort of issue in car manufacturing process,
Toyota will look after the proper maintaining of these operations. This will contribute to
improve quality of cars manufactured by Toyota (Cherchi and et.al., 2015).
It is useful to create high value products that are of good quality and provide significant
customer satisfaction level.
Lean management: This is one of the most effective, suitable and cost effective approach of
operations management. Toyota will use this approach to reduce any sort of wastage or improper
utilization of the available resources that will impact the overall operations and thus will help in
carrying out the service measures. Other than this, the development and manufacturing measures
that are been carried out at the organisation and thus, will lead Toyota to make strategies to
effectively consume the available resources from the logistics. It will help the selected business
enterprise to save the cost and have high level of customer satisfaction (Musalem and et.al.,
2017).
4 External environmental factors that are been carried out and will help in decision making of the
managers and leaders
The business of the organisation is highly influenced by the external environmental
factors that will help in carrying out of the decision making process within the organisation. This
will help in proper assessment of the operations that will help in suitable planning of operations
by managers and leaders. Some major environmental factors that can impact performance of the
organisation are:
Legal factors: As the organisation will be operating on the worldwide level, it will lead the
organisation to follow the employment laws, custom duties, tariff plans and other policies by
various trade unions operating within the country. Both, managers and leaders are required to
monitor these legal obligations and restrictions and decide their policies accordingly which will
help Toyota to carry out their functions in most effective and significant way (Gao and You,
2015).
Technological Factors: Automobile industry is getting technologically advance on the regular
basis. Looking at these operations, manager and leaders at Toyota will see through the proper
assessment of the customer needs. As the company is already a major manufacturer of hybrid
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cars, managers and leaders can opt for adopting suitable technologies and innovation to improve
the quality and performance of their automobile.
Economic Factors: The inflation rates, GDP and FDI are few of the major economic factors that
can be carried out by Toyota to improve its performance in other countries. Managers and
leaders will carry out suitable assessment of the financial factors for deciding its operational
policies in most effective way (Zijm and et.al., 2019). This will help in meeting the operational
measures and other financial factors that will influence the operations of the firm.
5 How operational efficiencies can be improved successfully meet business objectives using
management and leadership approaches
In order to improve the operational efficiency of the organisation, this will help in proper
assessment of carrying out of the operations and thus will lead the organisation which will help
in carrying out the operation's management measures. In order to carry out this assessment
suitable management and leadership approaches can be undertaken which will help in improving
the performance of the firm are:
Leadership approach:
Authoritarian leadership: This will include one governing body that will lead the inclusion of
one, superior governing person or body that will lead to the rise in carrying out the operation's
management measures that will lead the organisation to meet the set objectives and goals and
achieve them effectively.
Management approach:
Behavioral management approach: This measure of the operation's management will lay
emphasis on the behavioral constraints of the organisation and thus will lead to the rise in
operations management measures of the organisation. This will help the organisation to develop
a good connectivity with their stakeholders.
6 Conclusion and recommendations for future improvement
On the basis of the above assessment, this can be said that the operations' management
approaches are very important for an organisation. The approaches will lead the organisation to
meet the functional requirements and growth measures at the work place. This will lead the
development of proper bonding with their stakeholders including customers, employees,
investors etc (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
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However, certain growth measures can be adopted that will help in improving the
performance of organisation in the future such as:
 Carry out proper assessment of the operational needs of the organisation as well as the
stakeholders and improve the performance of them organisation on a higher level.
 Effective market and environmental assessment can be carried out by leaders and
managers that will help in proper identification of the risk factors and scope of growth. It
will also help in improving performance of organisation.
CONCLUSION
Based on the assessment that is been carried out at the selected automobile manufacturing
enterprise. This can be said that the operation's management plays a very crucial role in setting
up of the operational needs of the organisation and thus, increase its performance. Suitable
evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders within the firm. Different
theories and concepts are been analysed with impact of managers and leaders n future
development of the firm. Other than this, key operations of automobile enterprise and approaches
of OM are discussed with analysis of operational efficiencies and suitable recommendation for
future improvement is been presented. This indicates that the OM plays a very important role in
handling the functioning and carrying out of business operations by the firm.
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REFERENCES
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Cherchi, C. and et.al., 2015. Energy and water quality management systems for water utility's
operations: A review. Journal of environmental management. 153. pp.108-120.
Fagel, M.J., 2016. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers
(EOC). CRC press.
Gao, J. and You, F., 2015. Optimal design and operations of supply chain networks for water
management in shale gas production: MILFP model and algorithms for the water‐energy
nexus. AIChE Journal. 61(4). pp.1184-1208.
Glock, C.H. and et.al., 2018. Applications of learning curves in production and operations
management: A systematic literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering.
Karlsson, C. ed., 2016. Research methods for operations management. Routledge.
Ma, K., Hu, G. and Spanos, C.J., 2018. Energy management considering load operations and
forecast errors with application to HVAC systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.
9(2). pp.605-614.
Maylor, H. and et.al., 2018. Old theories, new contexts: extending operations management
theories to projects. International Journal of Operations & Production
Management. 38(6). pp.1274-1288.
Mohar, A.H.A., Abdullah, F. and Ho, V.B., 2016. Development and Validations of a Holistic
Service Operations Management Instrument. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences. 224. pp.429-436.
Musalem, A. and et.al., 2017. A Review of Choice Modeling in the Marketing-Operations
Management Interface.
Prashar, A., 2015. Assessing the flipped classroom in operations management: A pilot
study. Journal of Education for Business. 90(3). pp.126-138.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
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Sterman, J. and et.al., 2015. System dynamics perspectives and modeling opportunities for
research in operations management.
Wensveen, J., 2018. Air transportation: A management perspective. Routledge.
Zijm, H. and et.al., 2019. Operations, Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Definitions and
Objectives. In Operations, Logistics and Supply Chain Management (pp. 27-42).
Springer, Cham.
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