Operations Management at IKEA

This assignment analyzes the crucial role of operations management in IKEA's success. It examines strategies like Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory and Total Quality Management (TQM) to understand how IKEA maintains low costs while delivering high-quality furniture. The analysis also highlights IKEA's focus on continuous improvement, waste reduction, and defect elimination within its operational processes.

Operation
Management In
organisation

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the process of monitoring all the activities which starts from
procuring inventory to the delivering of goods and services to the customers. IKEA which is
serving broad range of well-fashioned, structural home furnishing goods at low prices so that
numerous people can able to afford them. The company focus is to minimise cost and maximise
quality which produce high tension in the company but they able to cope up with this by planning
various strategies that are reduced indirect cost, emphases on the investment to direct cost,
control over the overheads. The report describe their function that are planning, designing,
managing and coordinating. They have planned five objectives which includes durability,
flexibility etc. in order to maintain all the operations.
TASK 1
1.1 Significance of operation management for the success of IKEA
Operation management is the vital part for any company to improve the productivity in
order to improve the financial health of the venture as well as it helps to meet the consumer
competitive priorities.
Improves productivity: it is the ratio of output to input, it can be measure by the managers
and employees efficiency in order to use all the scare resources effectively and efficiently so that
quality goods and services can be produced. As the numerical value of the ratio is higher, the
efficiency is higher. The organisation main motive is to cut input cost and boost up the output of
the travelling cost (Wakui and Aki, 2017).
The firm's focus was on the supply chain because it is the main factor where the great
amount of capital is invested and it provides the catalyst for analysing the components of the
operation. Logistics improvement includes the change in how the goods are procured, stored and
transported which helps in reduce the inventory and increase the quality and speed of service, this
can be done through the proper order processing. Through implementation of the operation
management, the goods are now ordered centrally and direct shipped to the clients.
As the manufacturing company have more operations and orders which start from the
procurement of raw material till the products are sold to the customers. In the service industry the
operations are start from identifying the customers needs till getting feedback from the clients
about the quality of service and their satisfaction. So it is important to manage all these activities
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which helps in effective use of resources and fulfilling the customer's needs. Proper operation
management helps in various aspects that are as follows:
 Control over the inventory of the company where they have proper knowledge about
that how much raw materials are required to fulfil the demands of the customers, how
much inventory is kept with them and how many goods they will require satisfying the
future orders (Hennelly and Sra, 2017). Inventory includes different classification such as
raw material, work in progress, waste etc. organisation need to manage these inventory so
that they can able to use their resources in the proper way.
 Proper supply chain management which start from the procuring the raw material till
the goods are served to clients. It includes purchasing, storage, transportation and delivery
of inventory and finished goods. It also includes the implementation of the technology
that helps the staff to continue the process as well as developing the professional
relationship with the suppliers and external stakeholders. It includes different
intermediaries such as suppliers, distributors, warehouse, transportation etc, these all
activities should be done in the co-ordinated way.
 Quality control: Quality is more significant from the production, it helps in satisfying the
customers needs. It shows that the brand meets the expectations of clients. Quality is the
one factor which entail the overall excellence of all the operation and policies of the
organisation as the whole.
1.2 Operations functions of IKEA.
Operation management is the multidisciplinary field which focus on the all the aspects of
the organisation's operations. In as typical venture, there are lots of functions that are to be
performed by the operation manager and their subordinates. Their functions are as follows:
 Planning: For cope upping with the various situation such as competition, governmental
rules and regulation, economic conditions etc. system planning helps the management to
utilise all the resources effectively and efficiently. Planning process helps the organisation
to met up with the competitors and adopt the changing environment such as technology,
policies and techniques. When there is increase and decrease in the demand of the
costumer, proper planning of the operations helps to set the priorities and cope with the
changing demands (Hedenstierna and Holmstr, 2016).
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 Designing: It is basically development of products and services, which includes the
specification and characteristics of the products. In this process the clients orders are
received and the detail analysis is done that what is their expectation for the product and
services and then they continue to the product development. Organisation maintains the
proper layout of all the facilities, proper management of machinery that are used for the
production, use of information system which helps the venture to improve the
performance and productivity (Hedenstierna and Holmstr, 2016).
 Managing: To work in the team and take decision together is very important part of the
operation management. This encourage the employees to manage the system with
effective improvement and better performance. It includes providing training and
development and leadership to the workers so that they use all the resources of the
company and reduce wastage in order to meet all the strategies of the venture (Mestre,
2017).
 Coordinating: It is the vital part of the operation management where all the activities are
interlinked with each other, they create the coordinating between all the responsibilities
and roles of the job with the operation team and the staff. There are two types of
integration reporting that are vertical where all the levels are organisation report to their
supervisor and horizontal where the same level mangers and workers report to each other
The core function of the organisation is planning, organising, directing and controlling
and the support function of the operation management is proper supply chain, quality control etc.
when the organisation is planning, they need to identify different resources that are required in
the operation management such as suppliers, warehouse, raw material etc. so that it helps to
reduce cost and enhance quality with the maximum production. After that organisation does the
organising process, all the resources is being collected which have been identified in the
planning. Further, they need to direct all the stakeholders of the organisation and assign them
duties in the effective manner and then coordinate the standard and actual output to find the
performance.
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1.3 Process model of operation management of the IKEA
Illustration 1: Operation management process
(Source: Operation management process, 2017)
It is a process that takes two or more than two outputs such as raw material, capital,
equipment, labours, suppliers etc. add value and transform to that inputs and produce output as a
quality products and services to serve them to the customers and fulfilling their orders. It is very
easy to find out the transformation involved such as in the furniture production industry, the raw
material is wood(input), process is making it by machinery and produced furniture is output.
Process includes:
 Changing the physical characteristics of the inventory to produce finished goods.
 Alteration in the location of information, materials and customers.
 Change in the ownership of the information and material.
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 Accommodation and storage of inventory and information (Hedenstierna and Holmstr,
2016).
 Modification in the purpose of the data.
 Alteration in the psychological state of the clients.
Different type of raw material
Generally there are three types of inventory that are raw material, customers and
information foe example if a person want to withdraw money then the account information is
required and materials are cheque and output is currency (Hennelly and Sra, 2017)..
(Source: Input output process model of operation management, 2016)
Another way of categorising the process are as follows:
 Manufacturing: It is physical creation of goods
 Transportation: It is the movement of goods and customers.
 Supply: change in the ownership of the goods and materials.
 Service: The storage of inventory and the treatment of the clients.
The operation management process are as follows:
Internal and external environment: The first stage of operation management in the
IEKA is the environment. It the internal and external environment is being defined in the proper
way then the organisation can develop their different activities in the effective and efficient
manner. In the environment process, internal and external factors include, from which internal
consist of customers, suppliers, competitors etc. and external includes social, political, legal,
economic, environmental etc. in the organisation, customers Is very important for them, so with
this they can collect the information related to th.e needs and wants of the customers, then with
the suppliers, they can main the positive bargaining.
Input: The next process is input, after the environment which includes inventory, land,
labour, capital, information, knowledge which help the organisation to analyse their input process
which can be described in all the data of IEKA.
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Transformation process: The next step is transformation, there are several industrial
programs and programming language is done so that they can transform their raw data to the
information.
Output: This stage include the goods and services of the IEKA which is the output of
whole process which have taken place in the transformation
Monitoring and control: It is the final stage of the operation management where the
whole process is being monitored. The standard and actual performance is compared which help
to find that performance have been taken according to the planning.
Operation management is the process of transforming raw material into finished goods.
The transformation process includes change of physical characteristics of raw material into
finishes goods, change of location of raw material customer and information. The process starts
with the procurement of raw material or information from the vendor, send them to the
manufacturing place, them production of raw material or inventory to the finished goods and that
products is transferred to the end user.
The different issues that may arise in the process of the operation management such as in
the input when the organisation is collecting the different type of inventory from the vendors at
that time the supplier does not supply the quality inventory or the goods are not procured by the
company on time which increase the time of production etc. In the transformation process when
the machinery is not able to work, workers are not able to work effectively etc. and the time
when the finished goods is delivered to the customer on time then they will not able to satisfy
their needs.
TASK 2
2.1 Three E's significance in the IKEA
These three E's that are Economy. Efficiency and Effectiveness that helps the operation
management to do all the activities on time with the low cost and high profits. These there E are
as follows:
 Economy: It is the process of doing operations and activities as cheap as possible with the
maintained quality and standard. This is strategy to avoid the cost that do not generate any
profits to the organisation and investing in those operations that leads to generate high
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return on investment. The company need to identify the needs and wants of the customer
and the purchase the raw material and machinery in order to produce those goods that are
need by the clients. The venture have taken many measures that reduce the cost of
production such as management of supply chain, proper use of inventory and resources
and keeping cardinal relationship with the suppliers, customers, distributors and other
stakeholders so that orders can be fulfilled on the time and at the low cost (Mestre, 2017).
 Effectiveness and efficiency: Effectiveness is the way where the organisation analyse
that the goals and objective are achieved properly by all the members of the venture. It
analyses that all the objective are accomplished or not? It is expected that the delivery of
quality goods and services at the right time is effectiveness. If the target are meet and the
employees are able to satisfy the customers demand and orders at the particular time than
the work is said to be effective. Whereas Efficiency the process where the effort are
allocated properly and right use of the resources to complete all the task. As the goal is
achieved it is viewed that the objective are accomplished which the least effort, time,
money and resources.
 Excellence: As the standard are made, it is monitored that the deadlines are meet at the
standard way. It is the quality of being outstanding or extremely good at work so that the
objective are achieved effectively, efficiency and at less time, money and effort. All the
activities should be done in the proper way so that the efficiency of the human resource
increase and they will able to achieve excellence in their work.
2.2 Impact of the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation in organisations
Cost minimisation and
quality maximisation will be done when:
 All the operation have to produce the optimum quality of products at the minimisation
cost.
 Innovation which further improve the quality level with the low cost (Bask and Tinnilä,
2016)
 Reduce the product defects which will reduce the cost to re-manufacture the products.
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Cost minimisation will put effort on the efficiency, high labour production and standardization
and the strategies which reduce the tension between the cost minimisation and quality
maximisation are
 Increase in the assets turnover (Hennelly and Sra, 2017).
 Reduce indirect cost
 Emphases on the investment to direct cost.
 Outsource non core operations.
 Control over the overheads.
 Use the organisation's bargaining power to negotiate best pricing with suppliers.
There is very big tension between these two, every organisation want to reduce their cost
and enhance their quality standard. These can be achieved only when the company use and
manage their resources such as financial, human resources, inventory, spare parts etc. IEKA can
overcome this tension by providing training to their employees to fulfil all the operations in the
proper way with the effective utilisation of resources.
2.3 Importance of the five performance objective on the operation management.
The main objective of organisation is to satisfy the customer need and to do that they nee
to maintain five elements.
Quality: The company need to make the defeats free products and services and produce the
goods of the right quality in order to satisfy the customer needs and wants. IKEA furniture
products are at the top in the market share because they are providing quality finished goods at
the low cost (Choi and Zhao, 2016).
Speed: The other aspect is speed which tell that the production and other operations are done as
fast as possible. For minimising the time of the order, availability of the products at the right time
will provide advantage to the company.
Dependability: It means the things should be done on time. IKEA adopt the Just In Time
technique where the in order to serve the products to customers on time by working in team.
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Flexibility: There are many changes which is taking place internally as well as externally which
affect the organisation performance. To cope with that changes, IKEA is giving training to their
employees.
Cost: IKEA sustainable competitive advantage is they are serving wide range of products at low
prices so that different people can able to afford them..
TASK 3
3.1 How linear programming enhance the value in the production process.
Linear programming or LP is the method to work in most productive manner. It is the
master key to solve various problems related with transportation, pricing and production. It helps
in sorting out issues that relate to production and pricing. It is monotonous in nature for most
cases, as it works with mathematical equations. It helps to determine the process of flow that
would help to yield the biggest margins in profits and minimizing cost. Also, this method is
proven the way to make the work more effective and efficient. Applying the equations of LP,
IKEA will be benefited hugely in terms of cost efficiency, market competency, infrastructure
standards and brand value.
When a company like IKEA introduces LP in its working method, it works by putting
numbers of resources such as labour (number/hours), machines, finished products, time, raw
materials, and cost into its equations in the place of variables for determining the optimum
production circle in order to achieve the desired demand for volume or cost effectiveness. Its sole
purpose is maximising production, boosts productivity and sets an order of working in industry.
In other words it is simply a great method to work with if IKEA wants to maintain its company's
worth and corporate culture.
One another reason to involve LP is IKEA deals in a lot of custom orders, so to make
these products on time in accordance with other orders and wholesale products, linear
programming would serve as an integral part as it is a tried and tested system of working applied
to all big production companies. It simply helps to use the best out of the resources to maintain an
efficient flow of production.
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3.2 what is network planning and critical path analysis
IKEA deals with lots of big projects that are complex in nature and are involved taking
risk. As these projects increases, it becomes mandatory to have knowledge about the processes
involved and to get the most efficient result on project completion.
The essential technique for using IKEA is to construct a model of the project with the use
of critical path analysis that includes different list, that are as follows:
 A list of operation the need completion
 Fixing the time for each activity that would complete.
 The inter-dependency between the operations.
 By sing the above information, IKEA can calculates
 The longest path of planned operations to end the project.
 The project should not be longer, each operation should complete as soon as possible.
This procedure would bring forth the activities which would be termed as 'critical' on the
extended path and those that are 'total float' or can be postponed without effecting the project
duration.
In a work flow using CPA, IKEA follows chain of order that begins with conducting
customer research, followed by designing product concept, product testing in laboratory
conditions and real life, production tooling, ordering supplies, beginning production of product
and organising launch promotions.
Network planning is the method to govern all this mass production. Over a long duration
handling big projects, working on new ventures and varying market conditions are accounted. It
holds accountable for deciding reserve flow and marketing process to be put in play. It keep the
business running and acts as a well described layout for prediction of future endeavours.
IKEA would always have to maintain its high reserves as these factors deal with many
variables as margins for errors and environment conditions, and customer demographic
preferences. It simply is a layout plan but does not grantee the success of projects or strategies
being heavily funded. A heavy shift in market conditions or rival company's strategy would make
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these projects or plans futile and again a breaking down of projects would need to be done to re-
asses the environment.
3.3 Need for operational planning and control in a selected production process
IKEA has in its roots a few fundamentals that make it the world leader in furniture
business, they do not want their products returned to them. They know and work with the idea of
good quality management and development. It is their fundamental aspect to sustain good quality
in every product they make and in their working conditions, branding and marketing.
Enhance efficiency: Operation management helps the organisation to plan their
production process in the effective and efficient manner. Which help them to control the
operational which is creating the barriers in the transformation process.
Proper allocation of resources: planning of the production process plays very important
role in allocating the resources by which production cycle can be completed in the proper way.
Reduction of waste: If the resources is allocated in the proper way, then the resources is
utilised In the effective manner which helps the organisation to reduce waste.
Operation planning and control is very significance for every successful organisation to
enhance the manufacturing by making strives on the productivity which incurring more and
unnecessary cost. To deal effectively with all the problems related to the production scheduling
which is critical for all the staff in the organisation. It is very important for the IEKA to have
comprehensive understanding of the different principle and functions that are related to the
operation planning and control.
The programme objective is to have knowledge about the different guidelines that are
practised in the manufacturing industry. To recognise the balancing, sequencing, scheduling the
problems in operation system and to solve the different problems at every operational level bu
using the appropriate production techniques.
The role of operational planning and control is to identify the three basic operation related
function such as different functions of the operation control and planning, different types of
production process and various industry considered in it.
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Organisation should adopt different scheduling techniques which helps them to the
production planning and control such as Just in Time , operation performance management, flow
analysis and balancing etc.
It is simple to understand that one product needs a limited time to be constructed but
when there is a deadline, limited resources, outstanding number of orders and variable factors
included, developing high quality products becomes a challenge. Delivering customers better
than their expectations or at-least meting their demands helps in repeating customers. These are
basic facts and ideas to build business on and they are true in any business venture. Managers and
CEOs of company need to maintain the necessary outlook that boosts good working conditions
for employees and maintain relations with suppliers to get the best products and maintain their
production costs in the margin.
If these processes are not maintained properly, the company would suffer huge losses in
infrastructure and market. To maintain a smooth working of production line, every step is
monitored along the way from testing quality to inputs to testing finished products in real world.
It also helps in generating maximum final products with minimum resources by putting
skilled people to make their goods and implying labour and automation with understanding of
requirements. The bigger the company that takes up charge of responsibility for planning and
control the more is its production and profit increased.
TASK 4
4.1 Set of clearly defined operational outcomes for IKEA
The company strategies are very compatible with the other strategies of them that are
interlinked with their performance objectives that are quality, speed, cost, flexibility and
dependability. These have indirect and direct impact in the company's performance (Mestre,
2017). As there are various competitors in the market who produce furniture but they are doing
differentiate production in terms of volume of input, variety of output, visibility degree and
demand variation. The outcome are as follows:
 Reduce waste and defects every year.
 Produce high quality goods with low cost.
 Proper monitoring of continuous improvement.
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 Proper supply chain management.
4.2 Network plan and indicate the resultant critical path
The critical path of the project is 1+3+5+7+8+9+11 which means that project will be completed
in 16 weeks
Maximum time= 2+4+6+7+8+10+11= 48
Minimum time= 1+3+5+7+8+9+11= 44
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Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Early
Start
Late
Start
Early
Finish
Late
Finish
Free
Slack
Manually
Scheduled
Redesign
product 6 wks
Mon
8/28/
17
Fri
10/6/1
7
Mon
8/28/
17
Mon
8/28/
17
Fri
10/6/1
7
Mon
10/9/1
7
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Redesign
packaging 2 wks
Mon
8/28/
17
Fri
9/8/17
Mon
8/28/
17
Mon
10/2
3/17
Fri
9/8/17
Mon
11/6/1
7
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Order and
receive
components
for
redesigned
products
3 wks
Mon
10/9/
17
Fri
10/27/
17
1
Mon
10/9/
17
Mon
10/9/
17
Fri
10/27/
17
Mon
10/30/
17
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Order and
receive
material for
redesigned
packaging
2 wks
Mon
9/11/
17
Fri
9/22/1
7
2
Mon
9/11/
17
Mon
11/6/
17
Fri
9/22/1
7
Mon
11/20/
17
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Assemble
products 4 wks
Mon
10/3
0/17
Fri
11/24/
17
3
Mon
10/30
/17
Mon
10/3
0/17
Fri
11/24/
17
Mon
11/27/
17
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Make up
packaging 1 wk
Mon
9/25/
17
Fri
9/29/1
7
4
Mon
9/25/
17
Mon
11/2
0/17
Fri
9/29/1
7
Mon
11/27/
17
8 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Package
redesigned
product
1 wk
Mon
11/2
7/17
Fri
12/1/1
7
5,6
Mon
11/27
/17
Mon
11/2
7/17
Fri
12/1/1
7
Mon
12/4/1
7
0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Test market
redesigned
6 wks Mon
12/4/
Fri
1/12/1
7 Mon
12/4/
Mon
12/4/
Fri
1/12/1
Mon
1/15/1
0 wks
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product 17 8 17 17 8 8
Manually
Scheduled
Revise
redesigned
product
3 wks
Mon
1/15/
18
Fri
2/2/18 8
Mon
1/15/
18
Mon
1/15/
18
Fri
2/2/18
Mon
2/5/18 0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Revise
redesigned
packaging
1 wk
Mon
1/15/
18
Fri
1/19/1
8
8
Mon
1/15/
18
Mon
1/29/
18
Fri
1/19/1
8
Mon
2/5/18 2 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Present
result to the
operations
manager
1 wk
Mon
2/5/1
8
Fri
2/9/18 9,10
Mon
2/5/1
8
Mon
2/5/1
8
Fri
2/9/18
Fri
2/9/18 0 wks
Manually
Scheduled
Mon
8/28/
17
Fri
2/9/1
8
Mon
8/28/1
7
Fri
2/9/18
119
days
4.3 Quality management techniques are applied to improve operations in IKEA
Organisation adopted various quality management techniques which improves operation
management are lean production, variance analysis and formation of quality circles. These
strategies help the company to reduce wastage and optimum utilisation of resources. Lean
manufacturing is the process where the organisation procure the raw material when the orders is
placed by the customer and when the inventory is needed, organisation calculate minimum and
maximum stock level which help them find that when the order is given to the supplier to procure
the raw material. This help the organisation to manage their raw material on time.
In the manufacturing industry Quality is the measure of the excellence or the state where
the products is free from the defects deficiencies and important variations, the goods is brought to
the specific standards in order to reduce uniformity in the products to satisfy the customers needs
and wants. !SO 1986 is being taken by the IEKA which is for the totality of the characteristics
and features of the goods that bears the ability to satisfy the implied or stated needs. In the
operation management the key focus of the organisation is to maintain the good quality of
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product with the low cost, the several techniques that helps the operation management to
maintain the quality, that are as follows:
Just in time: It is the set of activities that is designed to achieve the high volume of the
production with the minimum cost and maximum quality. Here the minimum inventors of the
parts are arrived at the work station in the production line when they are needed. This will be
create great impact on the organisation where the cost of the production will reduce and they will
able to produce more goods at the low rates.
TQM model: it is the model used by the organisation to eliminate the different defects
that are involved in the production process. The technique involve customer focus, proper
planning process, effective process management and improvement and effective participation of
all the people in the organisation. It will help the organisation to maintain proper quality of the
products which will help them to satisfy their customers and retain their old clients.
CONCLUSION
It can be summarised from the above report that operation management is very important
part for the organisation. IKEA which is producing wide range of functional home and well-
designed furnishing products at low prices so that they can able to sell their products to variety of
customers. For maintain the production at low cost with the high quality, they need to manage
different operation such as procuring raw material at low cost, process of raw material to finished
goods and reduce the cost of distribution. By management of operations they are able to monitor
of continuous improvement and reduce waste and defects.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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