Importance of Organisational Management

The provided document discusses the importance of organisational management for a business's success. It highlights the different roles of managers and leaders, various leadership styles, and how organisational management affects business operations. The document also mentions external factors that impact business performance and provides references to relevant studies and research papers on operational management.

OPERATION OF
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction to Marks and Spencer and its management structure....................................1
2. Defining manager and leader and comparing there roles and characteristics ...................2
3) Defining management theories and structures...................................................................2
4) Roles of manger and leader in different situations:...........................................................3
5) There are different leadership and management theories used by Marks and Spencer. Some
of the theories are discussed in brief as below:......................................................................4
6) Strengths of different leadership style ...............................................................................4
7) Impact of managers and leaders in improvement of organisation.....................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
1) Operation Management at Marks & Spencer.....................................................................5
2) Roles And Responsibilities Of Management In Successful Management Of Operations. 6
3) Keys approaches to operational management....................................................................7
4) Managers and leaders are effective in increasing operational efficiency .........................7
5) impact of external business environment...........................................................................8
6) Critical evaluation of factors affecting external environment ..........................................8
7) Suggestion and Recommendation For Improvement For Marks & Spencer.....................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is a important part of business that it helps to manage and
control different activities at workplace in order to increase profitability and production
(Baumgartner, 2014). The report will cover , management structure followed by Marks and
Spencer company further it cover difference between roles and characteristics of manager and
leader, analysation of different managerial functions, different theories and concept of
management, roles and functions of managers, brief about different leadership styles like
situational, system and contingency, strength and weakness of different theories, impact of
managers and leaders in organisation, operational management followed by Marks and Spencer,
importance of manager and leaders in operational management, factors that affect business
management, impact of external business environment and steps Marks and Spencer company
should take to improve there organisation.
TASK 1
1. Introduction to Marks and Spencer and its management structure
In this there is discussion about Marks and Spencer is British multinational company. It
deals with clothing, home product and luxury items. This was the first British retail company
(Annarelli and Nonino, 2016). This company follow functional structure, in this structure
organization is divided into smaller groups. Business assign specific task to each smaller groups,
which are known as departments. There are managers in every department who give instructions
to subordinate and give report to their superior. Groups are made according to skill of
employees, every member in group has different skills. This structure follow proper hierarchy
system to communicate with each other, this help to train and give instruction to their
subordinate (Chandra and Wella, 2017). Each department is controlled by an expert. There
should be strong coordination between different departments as they have to work as team to
achieve goals of organisation. All the departments are answerable to top level management. To
achieve goals on time, they delegate there work to employees. They allow decisions to be
decentralised, which result in quick decision making. Major Drawback of this structure is lack of
interdepartmental relation, decision are taken by managers of every department (Osei-Kyei, and
et.al 2017). Each department is working together, different mangers have different opinions and
this can create serious issues.
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2. Defining manager and leader and comparing there roles and characteristics
Manger is a person that control employees of organisations, they are head of different
departments. Leader is the one who directs actions of employees in organization. Comparison
between role and characteristics of manager are given bellow :
Comparison between roles and leadership
Basis Leader Manager
Meaning They influence behaviour of
people working in organization
(Premer and et.al., 2016).
They are responsible for different
management functions of organisation.
approach Directions or instructions are
given by them.
Planning of every management
functions are done by them
subordinate They have followers, who follow
their actions and directions.
Their subordinates are people working
in organisation.
focus They focus on giving directions to
people
Concerned with managing work of
their departments.
Risk Leaders have creative mind, they
innovate and try new things.
Managers always follow guideline or
management functions.
change They have flexible nature,
promote changes (Roman, and
et.al., 2015).
They are rigid and do not prefer any
changes in organisation.
orientation They are people oriented, as their
main focus is to guide people
Managers are target oriented. They are
head of different departments, there
concern about target ( Ruparathna and
et.al., 2017).
Styles Generally there are three style that
leader follow, which are
transformative, consultative and
participative.
Different management styles are
dictatorial, authoritative, transactional,
authoritative and democratic.
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3) Defining management theories and structures
There is very thin line difference between manager and leader. Management deals with
running of business and giving instructions to employees, whereas leaders guide their followers
to think creatively to achieve goal of organisation (Corsiglia and Hunter, 2018). They plan
strategies regarding accomplishment of target in organization. The purpose of management is to
plan and organize resources of organisation but leadership focus on achievement of target in
effective manner. Manager focus on structure of organization. Structures are basic guidelines
followed by them. Leaders are more concerned about their followers, they are people oriented.
Motivation is important strategy followed by leaders. Management focus on achievement
objectives. There are various management theories followed by management, one important
theory is given by Henry Fayol is administrative theory of management. This deals with
organization as whole not with specific task. The work should be delegate within different
department or group, if they perform specific task regularly this will become expert in than work.
Mangers of different department are responsible for completion of task assigned to their
department (Corsiglia and Hunter, 2018). To have peace and harmony in organisation it is very
important to have disciplined employees. There should be only one superior in every department,
who give instructions to subordinate. This will lead to unity in command. Manger should direct
subordinate individual interest to general interest. They should motivate employees to work for
welfare of organisation (Kronhardt and et.al., 2015).
4) Roles of manger and leader in different situations:
Decision making play a very crucial role in organisation. Mangers and leader come
across difficult situations in organisation, to deal with those situation it is very necessary for
them to make right decisions. Organisation face different problems in different situations. They
take decision that can be technical, financial, etc. (Litkowski and et.al 2016). they are held
responsible if anything wrong happen in organisation. It is very important for them to critically
examine situations and make decisions according to situations (Lobo and Couto, 2016). Optimum utilization of funds and resources: it is responsibility of manager and leader to
manage resources and funds of organisation (Baumgartner, 2014). Decisions regarding
proper allocation of resources should be taken by manger and leader. Goals of
organisation are achieved on time if resources are properly used. Decision regarding
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funds are also taken by manager (Annarelli and Nonino, 2016). Organization receive
funds from external environment such as investors, bank and shareholder.
 Integrated management of m$s: this procedure define proper frame work under which
management has to complete work. In this strategy work is divided in different units
with some specific objective. Marks and Spencer divide work in different department and
assign head who is responsible for every action in that department. Delegation of work
make task easy and help to achieve goal effectively.
5) There are different leadership and management theories used by Marks and Spencer. Some of
the theories are discussed in brief as below: Situational theory: Fundamental principle of this theory is that there is no specific type
of leadership. Effectiveness of leadership depends upon different situations. According to
this theory, leaders of Marks and Spencer should be able to adapt their style according to
different situations. This is flexible mode of leadership (Chandra and Wella, 2017).
Leaders analyse and study different situations and apply their leadership style to deal
with same. System leadership: Leaders create situation in which people of organisation work
effectively towards the goal. Leaders motivate employees to think creatively. Marks and
Spencer focuses on making their employees flexible so that they can adjust in every
situation of organisation. This strategy allows manager to control different business
activities. This leadership style is expensive and very complicated. This concentrates on
the outcomes by providing firm with effective strategy (Osei-Kyei, and et.al., 2017). Contingency leadership: This form deals with matching of leadership style with different
situations. Behaviour of leadership cannot be changed according to the situation. They
suggest guidelines that are to be followed for achievement of goals. It is easy to predict
situation and make strategy to deal with different situations. This is a valuable instrument
used by management to decide leadership style.
6) Strengths of different leadership style Situational leadership: it is very effective style of leadership. It help to study and analyse
different situations in organisation and according to analysation they have to decide
appropriate form of leadership (Roman, and et.al, 2015 Ruparathna and et.al 2017).
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 System leadership: it help management in controlling and giving instructions to there
employees. It is very economic form of leadership and can be easily adopted by manger. Contingency leadership:this form of leadership is used by many organisation. They give
right to there followers to choose there form of research (Premer and et.al, 2016). It is
very important for leaders to choose appropriate style of leadership in different situation.
Weakness of different leadership style Situational leadership: this leadership style focus on long term goals of organisation.
This can divert the interest of manager in long run. System leadership: this is very conceptual form of leadership. It is an imaginary form of
leadership and can not be applied during practical situation. This style is suitable of big
business organisation.
 Contingency leadership: This form of leadership depend upon different situation. It is
very difficult form of leadership and it become even more complex in implementing. This
theory is reactive.
7) Impact of managers and leaders in improvement of organisation
 business should create strong relation with workforce. trust is one of the important
factor, there should be trust between employees and manager (. Corsiglia and Hunter,
2018). They should focus on improving skill of employees.
 Organisation should know how to use there human resources. Employees should be
properly guided and trained.
 Manager must understand strength and weakness of there employees. Develop team
according to there skills and potentials. These team will work together to achieve goals
goals of organisation.
 Organisation should make strategies by keeping taste and preferences of customers in
mind. The main objective of any firm is to satisfy there customers. Survey should be
conducted to find out preferences of customers (Corsiglia and Hunter, 2018).
 Business should define appropriate level of quality for product and services they offer.
Maintaining balance between cost and quality of product should be the key focus of
organisation. Active participation of leadership in deciding price and quality of product.
 If a company wants to operate in effective level, they should properly use technology.
This help to maintain quality of product without increasing cost.
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TASK 2
1) Operation Management at Marks & Spencer
This is a systematic approach concerned with controlling and designing of production
processes for goods and services. It involves management of both day to day and strategic
activities. Operation Management is handled effectively at Marks & Spencer with end to end
guiding and detailing. Employees are provided training and products are kept as per the needs
and requirements of consumers resulting in effective management (Kronhardt and et.al., 2015).
Key Approaches Of Operation Management
Customer Centric Approach :- When products and services are carefully choosen so that they
offer some meaning to the person who is buying them. This process is called customer centric
product assimilation. It helps store to attract as many customers as possible, as the products kept
are what customers desire.
Lean Manufacturing Approach :- It says that whatever goods are produced by store
manufacturer are done so in a cost effective lean manner allowing the manager to see what is
their cost of operation and how many profits they can make by producing goods in lean manner
(Lobo and Couto, 2016).
Software Centric Management :- This approach allows the manager to know which product is
sold and what are the shortages he needs to manage.
2) Roles And Responsibilities Of Management In Successful Management Of Operations
Operations Manager plays a pivotal role in managing the resources and oversee smooth
communication. Following are few tasks operation manager at Marks & Spencer performs as
part of their moral duties towards organisation :- Management Of Resources :- Operation manager at Marks & Spencer takes care of
managing both raw material and personnel (Litkowski and et.al 2016). Along with taking
into account inventory, purchasing and supplying, ensuring every activity is performed in
effective way. Financial Management :- They make budgets and control costs in order to keep
organisation on track financially. By doing so they keep the expenses under check and
minimize cost. Goal Setting :- They establish goals for various departments of the organisation and also
help out each department with procedures and find the overall effect. They analyse the
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levels at which each department is operating and see what is to be done next in order to
achieve goals.
 Communication :- At Marks & Spencer operation manager have good communication
and interpersonal skills in order to connect with all the individuals working in the
organisation. They also help in removing disputes and disagreements amongst employees
within an organisation ( Baumgartner, 2014).
3) Keys approaches to operational management
Six sigma: this is tool used by management to solve problems of management. Main
target of any business is to satisfy there customers. Their requirements change according to
changing business environment. This measure change that take place in organisation in order to
achieve target. Business should carefully analyse situation and try to find root of problems and
make necessary strategies to solve them. To achieve target, organization need to improve old
business strategies. This tool measure standard performance with actual performance and find
out the reason of deviation and make necessary changes to minimise that deviation (Annarelli
and Nonino, 2016). This is very expensive and complicated process of management, failure of
this process can be a great loss for company. To achieve success in business this method is
adopted and consistently used by organisation. This tool is very important for short term
business which has specific goals. This process focus on improving quality of defective product.
Trained and expert employees perform this process. If a firm operate according to these
principle, it will increase efficiency of firm (Chandra and Wella, 2017). This is one of the
important strategies that a business can choose to increase quality of product with minimum cost.
4) Managers and leaders are effective in increasing operational efficiency
Planning is initial stage in any business process. If a manger is involved in starting
process of business, they are more likely to have detailed information about different business
strategies used in project.
Business that target to improve operational efficiency should know the importance of managing
time. It is very important for any organisation to use productivity along with proper time
management. Proper time management increase productivity and workers are answerable to
manager for non completion of work within allotted time.
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General meeting should be conducted on regular basis, so that employees can attract with each
other. These meeting are conducted to check efficiency of employees and to find out problems
faced by them (Osei-Kyei, and et.al., 2017).
If employees are provided with incentive it will motivate them to work hard and contribute
towards attainment of organisation goals. Incentives can be in monetary or non monetary. These
rewards push employees to work effectively.
Regular check with workers help to resolve there problems and promote positive working
environment. In this way manager can keep regular check on there and take feedback (. Roman,
and et.al., 2015).
Labour productivity keep manager aware about performances of each worker, and find out if
worker is not performing up to the standard set by organisation.
5) Impact of external business environment Economy : this one of the external factors that influence business decisions. This factors
consist all economic problems like tax rate, employment, policies etc. although these
factors are outside business, but this will adversely affect working of business. Finance : banks and other financial institutions will effect continuation of business.
Fluctuation in interest rate, availability of credit these are external factors, which
adversely effect business. Weather: it is uncontrollable factor (Ruparathna and et.al., 2017). Climactic conditions
have direct impact on performance of business. Infrastructure :development of infrastructure is very important for restaurants and other
different business that depend upon location. Law : change in law have direct impact on business. Government rules and regulation
change continuously, these changes adversely effect working of business (Premer and
et.al., 2016).
 Trends : Environment is dynamic in nature, some changes are beyond control. Taste and
preferences of customers change very frequently. To analyse trend perfect study is
conducted.
6) Critical evaluation of factors affecting external environment
Internal Influences include :-
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 Marketing issues: Marketing issues such as trend, market segmentation, buyers etc.
changes in market segments affects the operations of M&S which can be a particular
product. Nature of a particular product determine the set up of operational management
that it is inflexible (Corsiglia and Hunter, 2018). Human resources: Human resource capability and capacities in M&S is a main factor
which affects operational management and its desired objectives such as productivity is
affected by the human work force effectiveness that how fast and accurate they are doing
their work.
External Influences include :- Economic environment: The changes which occurs in economic environment affect the
demand and capacity of productivity, which can be in long or short terms effectively.
Changes in interest rates, taxation has impact on financial operations and capital
investments (Corsiglia and Hunter, 2018). Thus, economic environment is important for
M&S and its operations effectively.
 Competitors: In present situation, market is full of competitors that has an impact on
operational activities and management. Business should aware of its competencies to
make effective position in the market. Tesco and Sainsbury are the organisation,
competing M&S in the market effectively. They should be aware of their competitors and
make policies accordingly (Kronhardt and et.al., 2015).
7) Suggestion and Recommendation For Improvement For Marks & Spencer
Below given are a few suggestion and recommendation for Marks & Spencer :-
 Willingness to create products according to purchasing habits of people.
 Using effective promotional tools in order to attract potential customers.
 It needs to extend its operation specially in Asian countries like India, China, Nepal in
order to capture a wide market.
 The packaging of products also needs to given due consideration in order to impress
customer to buy it.
 Using digital manufacturing system like its competitors will also help it in great way.
 It needs to hire innovative, enthusiastic. Honest and effective people to boost its sale.
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 It has to focus on redesigning its stores in such a way that it provides space for keeping
much more stuff (Litkowski and et.al., 2016).
 It should be able to provide its customers with several payment options in order to be
customer friendly.
 It should keep warehouses of stock which could be purchased from time to time and up
gradation should be done according to the seasonal changes.
 It needs to expand its product base by dealing in various other consumer related products.
It has to constantly keep a check on its competitors promotional activities and upgrade its own.
CONCLUSION
This project conclude that organisation should wisely select there structure. Managers
and leaders both play effective role in success of organisation. They exercise different different
role in management. Leaders practice different leaderships styles and it is very important to
decide appropriate style. Different management theories are followed by organisation. There are
various external factors that affect working of business. This project deals about with how
important is organisational management for business.
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REFERENCES
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Baumgartner, R.J., 2014. Managing corporate sustainability and CSR: A conceptual framework
combining values, strategies and instruments contributing to sustainable
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Chandra, K. and Wella, W., 2017. Measuring Operational Management Information Technology:
COBIT 5.0 and Capability Level. International Journal of New Media Technology, 4(1),
pp.37-41.
Corsiglia, R.M. and Hunter, M., 2018. Building Information Modeling (BIM) for operational
management of facilities.
Corsiglia, R.M. and Hunter, M., 2018. Building Information Modeling (BIM) for operational
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Kronhardt, V., and et.al 2015. Simulation of operational management for the Solar Thermal Test
and Demonstration Power Plant Jülich using optimized control strategies of the storage
system. Energy Procedia, 69, pp.907-912.
Litkowski, S., and et.al 2016. Operational Management of Loop-Free Alternates (No. RFC
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operational management and socioeconomic environment. Networks and Spatial
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Premer, and et.al 2016. Vegetation response to logging residue removals in Great Lakes aspen
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Designing and Application of CAD Systems in Microelectronics (CADSM), 2015 13th
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