Operations and management Contents

Operations and management Contents INTRODUCTION 3 TASK1 (Covered in PPT) 3 TASK2 3 P2: Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager3 P3: Apply different theories and models of approaches 5 M2: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work environment6 TASK 38 P4: Explain the key approaches to operations management 8 P5: Explain the importance and value of operations management 9 M3 How leader can enhance efficiency

Operations and
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1 (Covered in PPT)................................................................................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................3
P2: Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager....................3
P3: Apply different theories and models of approaches.............................................................5
M2: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment.................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4: Explain the key approaches to operations management........................................................8
P5: Explain the importance and value of operations management..............................................9
M3 How leader can enhance efficiency of operational management........................................10
TASK4...........................................................................................................................................10
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management...............................................................................................................................10
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community
...................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is referred as a process which includes different functions like develop
planning for business strategies and policies, organise business resources so they are available on
right time, evaluate and examine organisational process in order to ensure that production
process is running efficiently and goods and services are produced properly. Operations
management concentrates on converting organisational raw material or inputs in defined final
product in best possible manner. Proper implementation of various practices and administration
within organisation facilitates to accomplish defined objectives on time with full efficiently and
enhance organisational performance and profitability. It maintains balance between
organisational cost and revenue for the purpose of attaining higher operational efficiently as well
(Abaei, 2019). Effective management of organisational operations ensure the effective utilisation
of resources like equipment, machinery, staff members, technologies and materials that enhance
overall performance level of business that enables it to gain various competitive advantages. In
this report the chosen organisation is Morrisons which is one of the largest supermarket chain in
United Kingdom. The organisation is founded in the year of 1899 by the William Morrisons and
headquarter is situated in Bradford, England, UK. The organisation operates business functions
through opening 494 stores across the world. The report consists functions of leader and
managers in the context of various situations that are faced by the organisation, strengths and
weakness of various approaches as well as different leadership theories are being mentioned.
Apart from that, approaches of operations management and their importance in business
functions. There are various business environment factors are described that affect the decision-
making process of organisation is mentioned in this project report.
TASK1 (Covered in PPT)
TASK2
P2: Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager
Behavioural theory of leadership: The leadership theory concentrates on different nature
as well as behaviour of leaders and identifies that how leaders of Morrisons utilise their
capabilities and competencies to perform various organisation functions efficiently (Brinch,
2018). It is determined that behaviour plays important role in examining the potentiality as well
as performance of organisational leaders in defined specific situations. The theory help to

identify the behavioural aspect of employees of Morrisons for the purpose of developing various
policies and strategies that help to enhance organisational performance as well as productivity.
Contingency theory: The contingency theory is being executed in different management
activities and functions provides various solutions to the Morrisons organisation that leads it
towards attaining all defined goals and objectives in best possible manner. The theory depends
upon various practical techniques that are implemented for accomplishing the objective of higher
growth and development. The theory is being implemented in organisation as per the resources
and situations of organisation. In business various positive and negative business conditions are
raised that affect the business functions and operations so, management take proper decisions in
order to run all business operations in efficient manner.
Classical theory of management: Classical theory concentrates on particular work that is
allocated among different organisational departments and teams in Morrisons. Management
department of respective organisation takes various decisions by assessing different aspects of
organisation. Organisational managers execute various theories in organisation before defining
and explaining the task among all employees that help to increase organisation productivity and
performance (Brito, Júnior and da Costa Diniz, 2020). Before executing the theory managers of
Morrisons assess employee skills and capabilities than provide them training to perform
functions in best possible manner.
Transactional leadership: The theory is related to providing managerial direction to
employees that facilitates them to enhance performance level through providing rewards or
penalties. The leadership theory plays important role in organisational administration. In
Morrisons organisation, managers identify the suitable employees for organisation on the bases
of their past as well as present performance.
Leadership trait theory: In this respective theory, the main focus of leaders and managers
on enhancing employee performance through motivating them efficiently. The leadership trait
theory contains various factors that emphasis on developing organisational brand image and
enhance employee productivity that help to attain all defined objectives properly (Chambers,
2019). Morrisons ensure employees growth and development through providing them training so
they perform in well-defined manner. Managers of respective organisation asses the need of
training to complete specific work on time.

P3: Apply different theories and models of approaches
In Morrisons organisation, here are various roles and functions are performed by the leaders
for inspiring and motivating through fulfilling their needs and demands that help to enhance their
performance and productivity. Before taking organisational decisions leaders and managers
properly analyse the internal and external business environment factors in order to gain
sustainable competitive advantages. Some of leadership styles that used by leaders are discussed
below:
Situational leadership: In situational leadership, task and resources are assigned to
employees as per their skills and capabilities so they perform specific task in well-defined
manner. In business different situations are raised, leaders of Morrison use range of theories
after analysation of situation and choose that handle the situation in best possible manner. The
respective organisation operates business activities in various countries that raise difficulty to
manage and control on organisation, so effective utilisation of leadership approaches help take
appropriate decisions according to situations (Folkers, 2017). There are current market trends
and market conditions are identified by the leaders through conducting market research that
facilitates to gain competitive advantages. In situational leadership two factors are included like
directive and supportive that are used by the Morrisons according to different business situations.
To attain the objective of organisational growth and development, leaders and managers take
effective decisions and implement them properly.
System leadership: System leadership defined as approach which provides guidance to
business to perform efficiently in different geopolitical boundaries. The respective leadership
style concentrates on the desired outcomes than procedure. Morrisons use the system theory that
facilitates the organisation to attain defined objectives efficiently. In organisation different
activities and functions are planned for the purpose of achieving the defined result and outcome
is being compared to desired outcome and if there are some variances are found than corrective
actions are implemented (Fosso Wamba, 2017). As Morrisons is multinational organisation that
conduct range of activities through managing different department that help to accomplish
objectives.
Contingent leadership: In this leadership style, Morrison concentrates on different
situations on business that are raised in business and impacts all organisation activities and
functions in positive and negative manner. There is no universal theory that fits for every

organisation or situation as well. There are various internal and external factors that affect the
decision-making process of leaders and managers and leaders analyse the situation and take
decisions accordingly. Leaders of organisation evaluate and examine the different challenges and
factors than take decision to adopt the suitable leadership style that handle the situation in best
possible manner.
Management by objective theory: The theory that implemented by the Morrisons to enhance
business performance and profitability. Respective organisation establishes effective goals and
objectives and ensure that these goals are achieved by the organisation through employee
contribution in most efficient manner (Golini and Gualandris, 2018). The theory contains five
stages which starts from setting defined objectives and ensure that task are performed according
to planning, so employees performance is regularly monitored and rewards are provided to them
for enhancing working efficiency and in the final stage all objectives are reviewed to attain them
properly.
Chaos Theory: The Chaos theory is implemented by the organisation for particular period of
time in defined market place. The respective theory is used in the situation of slowdown of
global economy or there are some changes take place in economy. It helps the Morrisons
organisation to identify the changes in economy and adopt the changes and include in
organisational decisions for avoiding the losses in business. Along with theory, different
marketing theories also used by the organisation that enhance knowledge of market trends and
facilitates the organisation to attain the objective of growth and development.
M2: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment
In Morrisons different approaches as well as theories are implemented for the purpose of
ensuring smooth running and functioning of organisation in competitive environment. Theories
contains various strengths and weakness that affect the overall performance level of organisation
(Osejo-Bucheli, 2021). Morrisons analyse the factors than take the decision to implementing
effective theory that leads employees properly and help to accomplish all defined objectives.
Situational leadership model:
Strengths Weaknesses
 It is the creative as well as effective
approach in different business
 Requires high amount of fund and

situations.
 It facilitates the business to organise
and allocate resources at department.
 Help in Analysing employee skills and
capabilities and identify the need of
training to enhance their performance
level.
resources for analyse market trends.
 False interpretation and allocation of
resources that create ineffective
management.
 It contains higher switching rate that
enhance overall cost of organisation.
Contingent leadership:
Strengths Weaknesses
 It is innovative leadership approach that
provided various solutions in different
business situations.
 Facilitates the organisation perform
market research in well-defined manner
(Perakis and Rosenfield, 2018).
 Ensure optimum utilisation of resources
 It consists high cost to conduct market
research
 Improper as well as untrained
organisational staff members
 Rate of development is quite slow.
System leadership model:
Strengths Weaknesses
 It helps the organisation to deal with
complex situations of business
environment.
 Provides appropriate framework to
develop effective business idea.
 It contains lengthy and complicated
process that is time consuming.
 Lack of training, motivation and
development in organisational
employees.

TASK 3
P4: Explain the key approaches to operations management
Different approaches and concepts of operations management is used by the organisation
for the purpose of attaining organisational goals and objectives efficiently. Some approaches are
defined below:
Total quality management: The operational management approach is referred as a
procedure that is used by the Morrisons to develop effective organisational planning in order
attaining desired outcome. Organisations implementing the total quality management process to
manage and enhance organisation products quality, improve performance of organisation and
creates balance among all department to increase business overall productivity. It facilitates the
organisation to produce quality products that help to gain various sustainable competitive
advantages than others in business environment.
Just in time approach: The Just in time operation management’s approach facilitates the
Morrisons to create different organisational policies as well as strategies that enables the
organisation to enhance overall organisational effectiveness of production as well as reducing the
wastages at every level production that ultimately improve profitability ratio (Revilla and Saenz,
2017). According to this approach organisation produce products when customers ordered for
them that help the organisation by reducing the higher investment need and cost as well.
Continuous improvement theory: The theory of continuous improvement referred as the
approach which is implemented by Morrisons to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
organisational activities and functions. It is used to reduce the ratio of wastages form production
process that operations that lead the organisation towards attaining objective of growth and
development through improving business policies and procedure continuously.
Six Sigma: It is the approach which is executed by Morrisons to remove defected process
and products from the process of production that enhance profitability ratio of organisation. by
using six-sigma approach, organisation can enhance the customer satisfaction level that help
organisation to attain the objective of higher productivity and reduce organisational cost as well.
Lean production: It is most effective method that facilitates the organisation to attain the
goals and objective of higher productivity. Total production of organisation is getting affected by
the wastage so, Morrisons use the lean production to reduce the wastage that enables the
organisation to focus on production process by using full capacity and potentiality. Leaders and

managers motivate employees for optimum utilisation of resources that ultimately reduce the
wastage ratio.
Roles played by leaders: leaders of Morrisons play significant role in the process of
executing various leadership approaches and concepts efficiently. Leaders develop effective
planning that guide each and every department to attain defined objectives. Process and
performance of employees are monitored and measured by the leaders and proper training and
rewards are provides that develops effective employee relation.
Roles played by managers: Managers identify the needs and demands of employees and
provide them proper guidance for attaining defined objectives. Managers of Morrisons develop a
specific path that guide employees to accomplish goals properly (Romano, ed., 2017). Managers
examines are business situation than implement the approaches for managing business
operations.
P5: Explain the importance and value of operations management
Operations management plays important role in business success and growth and provides
different benefits as well as advantages to Morrisons organisation which help business to achieve
defined goals and objectives in efficient manner. Importance of operations management are
discussed below:
Converting materials in finished products: Department of operations management assess
the demands as well as preferences of customers than produce the products accordingly in order
to satisfy customers. Morrisons use operations management that facilitates to transforming raw
material into finished products that creates value for customers (Wielki, 2017). Proper operations
management help the organisation to produce quality products to attain high customer base and
higher market share as well.
Controlling and distributing system: Operations management monitoring the production
process and ensure accountability that help to perform all functions efficiently. The concept
facilitates the organisation to maintain effective relationship with distributing merchandises that
provides material for business operation at reasonable prices. Operation management is
important for Morrisons to control production and other operations and reduce wastages as well
as help to enhance profitability ratio.
Capacity management: Operations management facilitates the Morrisons to identify and
assess the organisation through identifying and assess the capacity of organisational production

process and help to enhance production. Through managing capacity, respective organisation
performs all business operations in efficient manner to produce better quality products that help
to attract customers that directly impacts on organisational profitability.
Logistics and inventory management: Operation management plays important role in
managing the factors such as inventory and logistics as without support of logistics goods and
services cannot be transferred to the market place for sale on defined period of time (van
Sambeek, 2018). Through maintaining the inventory, it facilitates the respective organisation to
store products and use them in in future to produce products.
M3 How leader can enhance efficiency of operational management
Managers as well as leaders of Morrisons are important for the purpose of attaining all
organisational goals and objectives and ensure the growth and development. Managers conduct
proper market research to analyse the different market trends and conditions than take
appropriate decisions on the other hand leaders recognise the training need of employees and
motivates them to perform in well-defined manner. Leaders provides various training to
employees for enhancing their productivity level, provides incentives for higher performance and
improve collaboration among organisation. Managers develop plans regularly and ensure their
effective implementation as well to meet all defined objectives efficiently.
TASK4
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management
In business environment various internal as well as external factors are exist that impacts in
efficiency of operations management and decisions of managers and leader of Morrisons.
Environmental factors affect business growth, development and objectives (Tang, 2017). As
there are regular changes are happened in business environment that impacts operations. some
factors are mentioned below:
Financial status: Financial proficiency, effectiveness and organisational resources
facilitates the managers and leaders to develop organisational strategies and policies that lead the
Morrisons to achieve defined goals and objectives in best possible manner. Managers take
various decisions such as investment and cost of production that directly affect the flow of cash
and profits.

Legal and political changes: There are continuous changes are happened in the political
and legal business environment that affect the decision-making process of managers in
Morrisons organisation. As government impose number of rules and regulations that affect the
organisational planning and functioning. Organisational leaders assess that changes on the other
hand manager handle all business functions efficiently.
Technological changes: In current business environment, different technological
advancements, automations, innovations as well as research and development are happened that
impacts the operations and functions of Morrisons in positive and negative manner (Rumble,
2019). Changes in technologies affect the decision-making process of managers and leaders as
well as facilitates to enhance business performance, productivity and profitability. Managers of
organisation analyse the factors and take decisions.
Stakeholder: Stakeholders are defined as the parties who have interest in business
operations. stakeholders include suppliers, investors, customers, employees and government who
affect the business operations or getting affected by business activities. Managers analyse the
actions of stakeholders than take proper decisions accordingly.
Resources of organisation: Resources are important for performing organisation
functions and operations in best possible manner. it includes human resources, capital and raw
material. Managers and leaders take decisions of management that affect the performance level
of organisation. Managers ensure the proper allocation of resources for performing functions
efficiently.
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community
Effective relation in managers and leaders facilitates the organisation to accomplish all
needs and demands of employees and motivates them to perform defined functions appropriately
for attain defined goals and objectives. Morrisons leaders and managers assess the all business
environment factors than formulate policies accordingly.
Mission: Missions are established after evaluating all business environment factors. The
overall mission of organisation contains proper idea, direction and purpose of organisation.
Political legal boundaries: There are various legal as well as political factors that are
vary in different countries so, management should take proper decision for operating business
properly.

Problems: Problem of organisation need to be resolved by proper structured decision-
making process.
CONCLUSION
As per above report, it can be concluded that operations and management is important for
the growth and development of organisation and provides sustainable competitive advantages.
There are various roles and functions are performed by the leaders and managers such as guiding
and motivating employees and manage whole organisational activities to attain defined
objectives in best possible manner. Different leadership theories are executed in the business that
help to attain desired outcomes. Business environment consist different internal as well as
external factors that impacts organisation functions and decision-making process as well.

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