Operations and Project Management

This report discusses the application of principles in maintaining quality management, evaluates the impact of productivity, workflow, and quality on organizational competitiveness, and critically evaluates the integration of core operational strategies and overall business strategies. The chosen organization is Jaguar Land Rover. It also explores the role of management information systems and ICT applications. The report provides insights into methodologies and scheduling tools. Subject: Operations and Project Management, Course Code: XYZ, Course Name: XYZ, College/University: XYZ

Operations and Project
Management

Table of Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................1
Introduction of chosen organisation.......................................................................................2
Critically discuss application of three principles in maintaining quality management..........3
Evaluate the impact of productivity, workflow and quality on organizational competitiveness 4
Critically evaluate integration of core operational strategies and overall business strategies5
Develop appropriate performance indicators ........................................................................6
Critically discuss the role of management information systems i..........................................8
Critically evaluate the role of ICT applications ....................................................................9
Analyse the methodologies and scheduling tool..................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

Executive summary
Operation management is most appropriate term for an organisation as it involves
planning, executing, controlling and monitoring all the business activities. Consideration of
operation management concept within the organisation have huge significance as it ensures the
proper utilisation of resources so that the overall productivity and profitability of the business
can be increased. Moreover, it is mainly concerned with management of all the business
practices in order to create higher level of efficiency within the organisation. Other, project
management refers to the administration of all the activities which are required to carry out to
effectively accomplish a specific task or project. In other words, project management is the
implication of various methods, skill, processes, experience and knowledge in terms to attain
project objectives and goals. For better understanding the concept of operation and project
management the organisation which has taken into consideration is Jaguar Land Rover which
is a British multinational automotive company that is exclusively offers luxury in the
marketplace. In this following report, various points will discuss like the consideration of all the
operation management challenges for Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC will define. Also,
it will give emphasis on application of various principles which are helpful for the organisation
to maintain quality of operation management principles so as to enhance the overall productivity
and profitability of the business. The effect of quality, workflow and productivity on the
organisational competitiveness and the integration between the overall business strategy and core
operational strategies will discuss here. Moreover, the role of management information system
and the application of different ICT systems within the organisation in order to maintain the
effectiveness of all the operations or activities of the business. From all these points it has
analysed that by conducting all the operation and project management activities effectively the
succession and growth of the business can be assured. Also, it has seen that if the administration
of each task of project effectively by considering all the components like quality, pricing and
supply chain they are able to attain higher success and growth in their business. Moreover,
utilisation of effectively management information system within the organisation able them to
maintain proper flow of information within their workplace which give them results as higher
success and growth in the marketplace.

Introduction of chosen organisation
As for appropriately understanding the concept of operation and project management the
Jaguar Land Rover organisation has taken into consideration. This is a British multinational
automotive company which headquarters are situated in Whitley, UK and Coventry (ABOUT
JAGUAR LAND ROVER, 2019). The main focus on this company is to manufacture luxury
sedans, sports cars and luxury performance SUVs. Along with this, they are encompassing a
wide portfolio of premium all-terrain vehicles. The manufacturing activities of this organisation
is conducted in various countries like in UK at Solihull, Castle Bromwich, Halewood, Gaydon.
They also have great presence in China through a joint venture and apart form this they are also
conducting their manufacturing activities in various nations which enables them to attain higher
growth and success in marketplace. This company has determined some standards for
automotive technologies, advanced designs, engineering excellence which can be seen by its
multiple awards for its several models. Although, they have managed their all operations in a
significant manner but they have to face some operations management challenges in their
organisation. The challenges which are currently facing by Jaguar Land Rover are as follow:
Inefficiency in managing right inventory level: This is a huge challenge which is
facing by the management of Jaguar Land Rover as it refers to the lack of proper management of
sufficient inventory level. As in case of high demand it is more inevitable that they find
themselves with inventory stock-outs due to which they are not able to meet the customers
demand on time. Other case, in order to carry out extra safety stock their cost will increase the
profitability will decrease. This is the major issue which is facing by them which needs be
solved in terms to get higher profitability and recognition (Pelley, 2015).
Lack in maximizing production and ensuring high quality products: As Jaguar Land
Rover is a well known organisation due to its higher quality cars. But while manufacturing cars
the amount of scrap and waste has increased due to which the side of caution and lessor of
amount profitability will occur. As until this issue will not be solved the production goals remain
in risk and also it will decrease the future profit of the business.
Optimising inefficient process: Incompatibility in quality assurance and ambivalent
inventory levels processes develop a drag on the Jaguar Land Rover operational efficiency. This
problem comes in the way of accomplish a project in an significant manner (Matthews and
Marzec, 2012).

Critically discuss application of three principles in maintaining quality management
Operations management practices refers to those methods which are considering by an
organisation to operate its business or providing a range of services. While conducting operations
of organisation management of Jaguar Land Rover must give their emphasis on maintaining
quality so that they can increase the satisfaction of their customers effectively. In this regard they
use various principles, some of the principles are defining below:
 Principle of Change: This principles pertain than consideration of changes within the
organisational activities are required in order to meet the customers demand and
requirements. As Jaguar Land Rover wants to maintain their quality due to which it
becomes more essential for them to adopt changes in their working process and methods
by adopting innovative technologies, procedures so as to manufacture their cars with
higher quality in order to meet the expectations of the customers (Martins and Martins,
2012).
 Principle of Dealing the competition: In terms to operate all the activities significantly
it is essential for Jaguar Land Rover to ascertain competitors methods, strategies,
effectiveness of products and others so that they can determine that where they are
lacking in providing effective or quality services to their customers and can come up with
best methods and ideas for their business. But while identifying the strategies and plan of
the competitors management have to give their more time and money which might lead
the negative impact on the overall performance of the business.
 Principle of quality control: This is considered as an important element which needs to
be implied by management of Jaguar Land Rover in order to enhance the quality of their
operations. In this respect, they requires to acquire best techniques, material so that the
quality of the products can be assured and higher satisfaction of the customers can be
attained.
Therefore, all the above mentioned principles have huge importance for the organisation
as this will help them in providing quality products and services to their customers by adopting
some required changes appropriately so that they will be able to attain higher success and growth
in the marketplace (Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017).

Evaluate the impact of productivity, workflow and quality on organizational competitiveness
All of these terms like productivity, workflow and quality has huge impact on the overall
competitiveness of the organisation. As these are related to the manufacturing activities of the
organisation. In regards to the Jaguar Land Rover, the assessment of appropriate methods,
strategies and technologies are essential for them in order to enhance its competitive nature and
sustainability as well. As they are leading their business in manufacturing luxury cars due to
which it is necessary for them to maintain proper level of productivity, workflow and quality in
their production activities so that they will be able to attain higher customers attention and
interest in their products (Joslin and Müller, 2015). All these have also have huge impact on the
competitive nature of the business which can be ascertain by following points:
Impact of productivity on competitiveness: Productivity within the Jaguar Land Rover
is the key factor of the business as the whole success and growth of the business depends on it.
An effective productivity helps an organisation to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. In
order to get the customers attention and competitive benefits with their products it is essential for
management of the organisation to enhance prosperity and ensure the proper utilisation of
resources. As in the present market world, competition has taken a huge place due to which it is
essential for them to increase their productivity which they can do by increasing investments in
updated technologies, human resources, efficient allocation of resources, innovation, adopting
effective research methods and others (Pradhananga and Teizer, 2013). This will enables them to
take the high efforts of employees in giving their higher contribution so that they can
manufacture their car with more efficiency so as to gain the higher competitive advantage in the
marketplace.
Impact of workflow on competitiveness: The term workflow has also huge impact on
the competitiveness of the organisation as by maintaining proper workflow of the activities
organisation can streamlines their processes and provide higher efficiencies. With the help of an
appropriate workflow automation organisation like Jaguar Land Rover can matching their
purchase orders with invoices, regulating their production activities and integrating all the
information which will help them in managing all the activities related to manufacturing in an
effective manner so as to gain the higher competitive benefits. As by managing proper workflow
they can save their time, reduce errors, avoid duplications, track information and work efficiently

so that they can stay ahead from their competitors in delivering best products to their customers
in a limited period of time (Gurin and Persiyanova, 2017).
Impact of quality on competitiveness: Effectiveness of quality has become a most
effective way of securing competitive edge and enhance the overall performance of the business.
Although, Jaguar Land Rover is concerning for providing higher quality services to their
customers but as per the current market they requires to imply more effective methods and
theories in their business so as to maintain the proper quality of their products. By taking their
manufacturing activities in an efficient manner they can raise the chances of their succession and
growth in the marketplace. Also, by maintaining proper quality of their product management can
attract a range of customers towards their products which will increase the overall profitability
and competitiveness in the marketplace as they are able to differentiate themselves from their
competitors on the basis of their qualitative products (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016).
Critically evaluate integration of core operational strategies and overall business strategies
Core operational strategies refers to those strategies which are formulating by an
organisation to reach out their goals and objectives. With the help of making effective
operational strategies, manager of Jaguar Land Rover also can evaluate and implement
appropriate systems in order to proper utilising each individual efforts, work process and
resources. Other, overall business strategy is set of actions and moves which an organisation
use to attract customers, enhance performance and achieving the whole organisational goals. In
other words, operation strategies are helpful in carrying out all the day to day business operations
whereas, business strategy define about the end goal of the business. These both type of
strategies are linked with each other as these both are helpful in taking all the business operations
in a most significant manner. As operational strategies consider various functions of the business
like product management, supply chain, inventory management, quality, human resource and job
design and many others. Business strategies included various factors like pricing strategy,
product differentiation, gaining a technological advantage and many others (Rinke and et. al.,
2012). The integration between these both strategies also sometimes create issues for the
organisation as because until a business strategy can not be made effectively then in this case the
succession of overall strategy of the firm can not be assured.
As in the present scenario, the overall strategy of Jaguar Land Rover is to expand the
business globally so as to increase their overall brand image and profitability as well. In this

aspect, the business strategy of them i.e. Supply Chain Network design will help them in
inclusively expand their business in other nations so that they can assure their success and
growth in the marketplace of the other countries. The significance of the business strategy i.e.
supply chain how much beneficial in overall strategy i.e. expand the business can be determined
by the roles of the business strategy (Fang and Marle, 2012).
Role of Supply chain network in expanding the business:
Supply chain network design is a process of building and carving a supply chain in
order to make the better understanding about the cost and time connected with bringing products
in market with the appropriate sources and location available. Success of supply chain network is
only depends on the suppliers, plants, warehouses and the process that how the products is
flowing in a market to deliver it to customers. In making a supply chain effective, a range of
facilities and their locations plays a huge role. As in the present scenario, Jaguar Land Rover
seeks to expand their business in other countries. In this goal, an appropriate supply chain will
help them in covering the marketplace within a limited period of time. In terms to expand the
business in an ease manner management of the organisation must take into consideration that
from where the facilities are located and products flow as most of the operations cost depend on
it. In each and every organisation supply chain have vital importance as it helps them in
assessing the requirements of the stocks so that proper movement of products countries can be
maintained properly so as to expand the business in a most appropriate manner. A proper supply
chan network also helps the business organisation of Jaguar Land Rover in cutting the extra cost,
as with the help of this they can make a systematic engineering approach which will enables
them to plan and design network expeditiously in terms to expand the business activities
appropriately. For example, the Jaguar Land Rover is mainly concern for manufacturing
luxurious cars so in this aspect an effective supply chain network will help them in determining
the demand and needs of the customers of other nation and also helps them in maintaining proper
management of their inventory so that they can supply their products to their customers on time
and can meet their higher level of satisfaction which will results higher success and growth of the
business in marketplace (Brones, de Carvalho and de Senzi Zancul, 2014).
Develop appropriate performance indicators
The consideration of all the methods, theories and strategies in not only sufficient for a
business Jaguar Land Rover but they also needs to give their emphasis on establishing proper

monitor, control and make continuous improvement in order implement all their plans and
strategies successfully. In this aspect, the organisation can use KPI tool which is stand for key
performance indicator as this will help them in tracking or measure their success at each business
activity. It provide assistant to the company in improving strategic and operational, develop an
analytical basis for improving their decision making and help in giving attention towards that
which is the most appropriate function of the business. With the help of these indicators, Jaguar
Land Rover can maintain each level of operation by establishing proper monitor and control on
the activities and by ascertaining the required changes in the operations so that they can expand
their business in an optimal manner.
Key performance indicator
Basis Example1 Example1
Strategic goals
Mention the strategic standards
(from strategy map) , that has
been used in this indicator
Enhance consumer satisfaction
(Consumers perspectives)
Uplift our revenue
(Finance perspectives)
Audience/ Access
State the name of the audience
for this particular indicator and
clarify who has to do it.
Marketing team and Board of
directors.
Finance team and Board of
directors
Key performance questions
State the performance
questions this indicator aid in
answering.
Customers of the firm are
satisfied to a large extent.
Their emerging needs and
demand are timely fulfilled as
company is working on the
feedbacks taken from them in
order to design the goods as
per their requirements. This act
helps consumers to full-fill
their expectation level. Along
with this they keep on
Organization are able to meet
the bottom line results as they
are controlling and monitoring
all the business activities
continuously in the open
market place. It helps in
increasing the sales volume at
a tremendous scale which
assist in accomplishing the set
bottom line results.

monitoring all business
activity on regular basis.
Critically discuss the role of management information systems i
Management information systems (MIS) is described as computerized database of
financial information arranged in such a way that it produces daily reports on operations for
every level of management in an organization. Jaguar Land Rover adopts this in their working
premises as it aid in achieving strategic goals and operational processes smoothly. Along with
this it helps in planning, management control, transaction processing and operational control.
The numerous role of management information system in an organization are illustrated as
under:
The role of Management information system (MIS) in transactions:
Management information system (MIS) begins at transaction level as information and
data are stored and accumulated. By using this firm is able to collect relevant data from the
available sources in intense competitive world. Management information system plays a
significant role in Jaguar Land Rover. Example: X customer calls in Y firm and ask about car
and it's features. If company has customer's transaction history at the tip of the mouth the
communicator can easily aid by knowing client name, return history and purchase history. Also
through management information system representative of the company comes to known from
which place customer is calling and gets a idea how long an item takes to be shipped (Martins
and Martins, 2012).
The role management information system in business strategy:
With the help of management information system pay off beyond operation and
management decisions in the cut throat competitive world. Small and large organization top level
management can review car purchases over the past years so as to measure which market area
they expand their business easily and smoothly. Example: X car company is prompting their car
on their official websites and decided to launch electric car through the same websites in order to
attract large number of customers for the product. With the help of management information
technology they can predict sales volume of the car. Along with web developer provide
information to the organization that customers are searching more those car which has 3D
features in them. By this emerging needs and wants if the customers can be full-filled
accordingly (Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017).

Management information system in operations and management:
In order to accomplish the set goals and objectives in the set time span it is essential to
have efficient management information system as they aid to take productive decisions as well as
assure that business operates smoothly in neck to neck competitive world. In the working floor
the information goes hand in hand due to which it is clear that how much order for car has been
placed by this production department gets a rough idea regarding how much work they have to
do today.
Advantages of management information system:
 Through MIS higher level of efficiency is attained in positive manner. This is because
management information system helps to acquire those data through which companies
strength's and weaknesses is measured.
 The decision making process is improved this is possible of management information
system because it render better availability of data that eliminates uncertainty.
 Effective communication is build among departments in a workplace this is because
mangers, employees and departments heads are sharing the same data.
 In an organization management information system encourages decentralization. In the
working place decentralization is possible when there is system for monitoring operation
at lower level (Gurin and Persiyanova, 2017).
Dis-advantages of management information system:
 Management information system requires regular monitoring for better outcomes. Lack
of evaluation results in unproductive outcomes.
 Huge financial fund is required for management information system.
 In order to upgrade itself MIS lack flexibility which is another drawback.
 Due to more fluctuation in the top level management the overall effectiveness decreases.
 Management information system determine quality of outputs governed by quality of
inputs.
Critically evaluate the role of ICT applications
Information and communication technology (ICT) application helps to record data as
well as assist in upgrading quality of services render by car companies. This plays a significant
role in growth and development of the business at a tremendous scale in cut throat competitive
world. On the other hand they information and communication technologies are the core aspects

that aid in development of economy so as to gain national competitive advantages. By using ICT
effectively in car business they are directly or indirectly raises quality of the car as compare to
rivalry. By offering quality services to the customers they can be bind for longer time period in
intense competitive world (Rinke and et. al., 2012).
The various role of Information and communication technology is that innovation in the
ICT industry is very rapid. Car companies are conducting research and development work in
order to leverage emerging technologies. In the international market firms are adopting ICT at a
tremendous scale which is a positive mark for it. However, information and communication
technology is a integral part of an auto-mobile. Continuous improvements in ICT enables the
industry to be capable in manufacturing car, designing, servicing and distributing its goods
across the globe.
Advantages:
 Arises overall knowledge regarding the product
 By using information and communication technologies customers can be motivated to
purchase the product which is designed and manufactured for them in open market place.
 By using Information and communication technologies in the working premises it
directly or indirectly reduces costs and raises workforce efficiency. By this set goals and
objectives are achieved in the set time span.
 By using the gathered information through information and communication technology
best decision can be taken for the improvement of operation management activities at
rapid scale in neck to neck competitive world.
 In an organization by appropriately using information and communication technology
they are able to gain competitive advantages in cut throat competitive world which is a
positive mark for the administration.
Dis-advantages:
 Information and communication technologies brought several security problems such as,
e-mail hacking, phone hacking, phone signal interception due to which personal details
are leaked out.
 Accessing stored communication
 Non-delivery of merchandise

 The tools and equipments which are needed to maintain information and communication
technology are expense.
 In order to attain productive results it is very important to that staff members are
knowing it's functionality regarding how to use it in the daily routine. Information and
communication technologies is bit complex in nature due to which organization faces
huge difficulty in providing training sessions to the employees. This consumes lot of
time and money to render training sessions to the teammates for best outcomes.
 The tools and equipments which are needed to maintain information and communication
technology are expense.
Artificial intelligence in the car companies in order to enhance operation management so
that best results can be attained easily. They are used by organization in order to store massive
data sets in order train machines to complete their work in semi-supervised way. When the work
is completed by artificial intelligence the chances of error is reduced if they are coded
appropriately as compare to humans. They have more speed and accuracy in full-filling the
operation management. In the global market they play a significant role as they contribute huge
hugely in raising overall productivity of operation management. By this more profit can be
maximized which can be further used in growth and development of the operation management
activities.
Reactive machines is the most effective artificial intelligence and they are capable
enough to use the form the memories nor use the earlier experience to form present decision.
This can be used by the firm as it uses less time and is requite less cost in order to maintain
unbroken equipments instead of spending huge money by using spare parts and human assets
which is still running.
Analyse the methodologies and scheduling tool
In terms to develop the project specifications, control, schedule and evaluation to
efficaciously implement and manage project successfully it is essential for Jaguar Land Rover to
adopt efficient methodologies and scheduling tool so that they can carry out all their activities
related to expand their business in an optimal manner and accomplishing their objectives and
goals on time (Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013). In this aspect, they gives their emphasis on
adopting Gantt Chart and Work Break Down structure which have great significance for the
company. The detail explanation of these both tools are defining below:

Gantt Chart: It is a horizontal bar chart which is considered as a most effective and
useful way of representing all the activities. This chart is frequently using in project management
as it renders a visual presenting of a schedule which provide helps in making plan, track and
coordinate specific task of a project. This is very useful for the Jaguar Land Rover as it will helps
them in expanding their business in a most effective manner because this will assist them that for
how much time period a project take, which resources they will needs to expand their business
and help them in making the plan in an order manner so that they can complete each of the
activity or task in an ease manner.

Work Break Down Structure: This is another most important tool for the business in terms to
carry out all the activities or functions of the business in an effective manner. WBS is a tool
which helps the business organisation of Jaguar Land Rover in diving their complex and multi
tasking project into manageable tasks so that effectiveness of the accomplishment of the project
can be ascertained. This have huge significance for the company as it will simplify all the
operations by broke down all the difficult task into administrable chunks of the work so that they
can perform their activities related to expand the business appropriately which will results as
higher efficiency and profitability of each task.

CONCLUSION
From the above file, it can be concluded that the consideration of the concept of operation
and project management within the business organisation is essential in order to carry out all the
project activities in an effective manner. While taking out all the business activities by an
organisation it is necessary for them to undertake the term of quality in their operation so that
they can deliver the best products and services to their customers and can get huge customers
satisfaction. Also it has analysed that in terms to gain the competitive advantage from the
marketplace the business organisation requires to maintain proper productivity and workflow so
that all the operations can be carried out without any kind of hindrance. In this aspect, it is
essential for a company to make proper coordination between its core operational and business
strategies as by making proper integration between these they can get assurance of their
succession and growth. As Jaguar Land Rover is trying to expand their business in other
countries due to which it more needful for them to make proper connection between these
strategies so that all the activities like supply chain, production, pricing, differentiation etc. can
be carried out effectively so as to gain the higher competitiveness in the marketplace.
Moreover, the business can get success only when they give their major focus on
adopting required changes in their business. In this aspect, the project leaders plays an important
role as they are only responsible for guiding and influencing the behaviour of the people so that
they can espouse all the changes easily and can give their huge contribution in acquiring the huge
success. The project manager is able to carry out all the operations effectively as because they
remain well introduced with organisational vision, ability to attract the talented people, make an
effective team and practical in scheduling. In respect to Jaguar Land Rover, project leaders plays
an essential role like being sponsor, role model, communicator, accountable and in making
appropriate decisions for the business so that they can consider required changes in a significant
manner and can operate all the activities as per the customers and market demands. Leader of
this respective company also give contribution in managing their stakeholders. Various
stakeholders of this company are existing like employees, customers, suppliers, dealers and
society. By making proper relationship with all the stakeholders they are trying top satisfy the
expectations of each stakeholders. For example, by giving their focus on manufacturing those
cars which will reduce the pollution from environment and by making contribution in CSR

activities they are trying to enhance its brand image and sustainability in the marketplace which
provide huge level of profitability and growth as well.

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