Operations and Project Management: A Case Study of ASDA Stores Ltd.

This report provides a critical review of the effectiveness of operations management principles within the context of ASDA Stores Ltd. It also applies project life cycle (PLC) to a given context and provides an improvement plan for the firm using the Six Sigma methodology.

OPERATION AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
An introduction to the chosen organization:................................................................................3
Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles with in the
context of the firm “ASDA stores ltd.”:......................................................................................4
Analysing on what extent the operations management have meet the requirements of the
organization “ASDA”:.................................................................................................................5
Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the Lean principles:.......6
Providing with the improvement plan for the firm by using in the six sigma methodology in
the context of the firm “ASDA”:.................................................................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
Applying project life cycle (PLC) to a given context:.................................................................8
Building a case:..........................................................................................................................12
Pros and cons PLC:..................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

INTRODUCTION
The following report is based on the Operations and Project management that deals with
day to day strategic business issues that have to be followed accordingly. The writings will be
presented in two parts that will critically review the effectiveness of operations management by
applying theories and models related to it along with the application of project life cycle on a
given topic and context respectively. The project life cycle will again be critically reviewed on
the basis of project methodologies, tools and learning theories that will clearly define the basis of
formation and planning of the project. The idea behind such an approach is to increase reliability,
stability of the performance that can minimize the human efforts in order to eradicate the errors
caused by the humans. At last the report will be concluded on the basis of conclusions as to what
all have been the base of the report and what all can be done to carry out the project successfully.
PART 1
An introduction to the chosen organization:
ASDA, formed by a group of farmers in the continent of UK, was established in 1965
with a vision of expanding in the global market with its services across the globe. The company
provides eatables and general merchandise having its roots in both online and offline modes to
attract and stimulate more customers by its products and services (Jones. and Comfort. 2019). It
is also famous and renowned in providing economical as well as the financial services that are a
must in an era of digitalisation. With such a strategy in process, the firm has chosen the best
marketing techniques of connecting with people through its effective distribution channels
spread worldwide. The reason behind choosing this firm is because it is the second largest firm
in UK and has satisfied uncountable customers, also it will be helpful to understand the
operations management concept with it.
Operations management, that is a management function connected with supervising,
controlling and managing activities of the good and services produced. This concept of
operations management is very helpful in creating a sustainable business performance rate that
can assist the firm in achieving the business goals and objectives (Bhattacharya. 2021). It also
helps in analysing what all factors can negatively impact the overall operational activities of the
firm. Being the largest supermarket chain, it is important for the firm to focus on the financial
crisis as the operational activities are dependent on this factor only. It is also said that ASDA
prevails on its value chain constantly as it is the most important fundamental of operations

management that can bring about a positive in change strategic management and competitive
advantage.
Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles with in the
context of the firm “ASDA stores ltd.”:
There are several operation management principles that have been quoted below:
Reality: the operational management in the organization must focus on large problems not on
small part of the problems. This principle is titled with this because most of the peoples got stuck
in daily tasks assigned to them and struggles with their roles and responsibilities making difficult
for them to cop up with the realistic solution (Mišić, and Perakis, 2020)
Humility: management authorities in the company must understand all the limitations and might
avoid the trials and errors at all the costs. This can bring in positive outcomes for the long term.
Organization: all the elements required in the process must be predictable as the operation
management cannot be profitable without planning.
Accountability: the individuals managing the operations must be accountable for the
proceedings. Management authorities not checking in the things can cause the loss in the
organization (Lee, 2018).
Change: in the organization changes are operated as the operational issues and new solutions for
the changes adopted in the organization. The adoption of the new changes in the firm might arise
problems for the existing production management systems.
Quality control: this principle is the holistic process that includes following factors like
procurement, logistics, material management and warehousing in the organization. This involves
careful monitoring to have proper quality management.
Success: for the proper achievement of the success in the overall operations, the customers of the
firm must be happy from the end product served, and they should also be willing to come back to
the firm for more and if not this would be problem for the firm.
Knowing the competition: to have the optimized business operations, knowing the
competencies of competitors is one of the most crucial part and once it is done then the firm can
have in the competitive advantage.
Causality: problem in the operations represent itself with the signs before occurring, so it must
be identified and proper cure for the problem must be found to solve it. Not doing so even when
the problem is known can create the problems for the overall organizational process.

Consumer collaboration: in the last principle, it is determined to know the proper needs and the
wants of the customers by collecting the information from the market. This can help the firm in
improving the products and services. But if this is not done then it might be causing in the
problems and firm might be loosing in their customer base (Glock, and et.al., 2019).
Analysing on what extent the operations management have meet the requirements of the
organization “ASDA”:
Operation management is the process that helped the company to plan out the tasks, control and
supervise the manufacturing and the production process of the organization. Operation
management have made the things possible like in every sector of concern in the industry. This
management resulted in the effective way in the organization as it helped the firm to achieve in
the following things that are stated as below:
Product quality: the firm have achieved the proper product quality with the effective operation
management process and helped to achieve the quality of the product that is desired as per the
customer needs (Sutharsan, Prasad, and Vijay, 2020).
Productivity: this helped the firm to have the proper input output ratio and this also made the
management authorities to know about the appropriate input given by the employees. This
showed that the firm is operating at efficient levels.
Customer satisfaction: proper operations in the organization resulted in the good customer
satisfaction and in this way the customers made the organization thrive in the good ways, and
they are treated in the best way to have the proper satisfaction from their purchase.
Reduced operating cost: as the company achieved all various factors like productivity, product
quality and customer satisfaction. So with this all the cost incurred on the products have been
reduced this lead to have more revenues in the firm and only the proper operation management
made this possible for the firm to achieve it all.
Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the Lean principles:
Kaizen: kaizen is one of the important tool that helps in improving the quality, productivity and
safety and culture at work place. This process focuses on the application of small and daily
changes that would be resulting in betterment of the organization as a whole. The process
involves the following steps in them which are identifying the problem, analyzing the process,
developing an optimal solution, implementation of the solution, monitoring the results and
standardizing the solution to the problem. By adopting this principle the firm can have numerous

benefits like improved process, proper team work and ownership, etc (Amaro, Alves, and Sousa,
2019).
Quality Circles: this is one of the technique with in which the group of the performing the same
task meet up and identifies the problem analyze it and solves it. It consists of minimum of 3
members and maximum of 12 members. This process haves the following factors like
development with the overall enhancements' by utilizing human resource of the organization,
improving the quality of the products and satisfying the employees. Adoption of this method in
the organization gives in the proper abilities like improvement in the communication,
management and awareness of the employees, personal development, enhanced decision making,
improved motivation, opportunities for the individual development.
SCM: this process is related to the management of the goods and services, finances, and data of
the organization related to the overall goods and services offered by the firm. This helps in the
procurement of the raw materials to be delivered at the final destination. This process involves
few steps need to be followed like continuous flow, fast chain, efficient chain, agile formation,
custom configured and flexibility. There are two types of the management process which are
reactive supply chain management and data driven supply chain management. This process
provides with various benefits when adopted that are good collaboration with suppliers, better
quality control, strong cash flow, etc.
ERP: enterprise resource planning is the type of soft ware that helps organization to manage day
to day operations like accounting, procurement, project management, risk management, etc. this
contains the suite of soft ware that helps by automating the business functions like production,
sales, quoting, etc. this process can provide with the different benefits like enhanced business
reporting, better customer services, increased cash flow, better data and cloud security, etc.
Recommendations: the firm can adopt the quality circle that would be helping by making in the
process of operations easy and to develop the employees and organization as well in the whole.
This would be providing the firm with the numerous benefits and can help in its internal and the
external development. It can provide with improved communication, properly managed
employees, enhanced decision-making, and opportunities for the individual growth and personal
growth and with the overall organizational growth too.

Providing with the improvement plan for the firm by using in the six sigma methodology in the
context of the firm “ASDA”:
Defines: this term is considered to defining the problem, improving the activities for the
performance enhancement, project goals to be achieved and customer requirements. This can be
done by knowing the voice of the customers and valuing the stream maps (Singh, and Rathi,
2018).
Measure: this includes the process of performance with in the organization. This can be
evaluated by recording overall activities and doing capability analysis and using in the pareto
charts.
analysation:this is the process of identifying the root of causes and poor performance in the
organization. This can be overcome by using the root cause analysis and multi vary chart.
Improve: this is one of the process to eliminate the root cause and by addressing it. This all can
be solved by using the design of experiments and kaizen events.
Control: controlling is considered to the management of the overall improvement and the
management for the future process to be performed in the organization. The controlling can be
done by using in the quality control plan and statistical process control and mistake proofing
methods to make all the errors impossible or to use it in a way that the mistakes can be detected
in a whole (Costa, and et.al., 2018).
PART 2
Applying project life cycle (PLC) to a given context:
Project initiation:
Project Title:
Managing an in-house project to provide healthy food to staffs by cooking food in-house
in order to reduce staff absenteeism.
Brief description:
The responsibility of managing programme and project office, the task given is to plan
and execute the in house project in which the focus should be on understanding as to how the
organization can translate its business objectives into a real and specific developing goals.
Currently in this project life cycle, main task is to reduce staff absenteeism during the lunch

break hours by developing a healthy lifestyle with the help of cooking food in-house and to
provide the staff from leaving the premises.
Background:
The project is being done to reduce the staff absenteeism in an organization mainly
during the lunch break (Abou-Senna. and et.al., 2018). This is done to improve the congestion
issues that are causing road blockage in a particular area during the same time by the staff of the
organization. That is why the organization has now decided to provide the staff members with
healthy and reliable food products so that there will be no further issues like this in the future and
absenteeism will reduce.
Goals / Deliverables:
1. To ensure that there is no rate of staff absenteeism during the break hours.
2. To provide the staff with healthy food so that they do not leave the premises.
3. To ensure maximum worker participation in organizational activities to maintain the
societal relations.
4. To maintain their corporate social responsibility by stimulating the staff to not cause any
traffic related issues.5. To make sure that the staff members are not strived much to get a nutritious meal in order
to work for the organization.
Scope:
The scope of this project is to reach to full extent in providing the staff members with
healthy and nutritious food that will help them in achieving the overall organizational objectives
(Ray. and Smith. 2021). This project is being done to solve the major issues of traffic related
problems that are caused by the staff of an organization because of lack of eatables in the
premises.
Impact on other businesses and firms:
With such an effective step taken by the organization in relation with the staff members,
the other business systems can get encouraged by this act in terms of health and safety measures.
Safety not only in terms of traffic rules and regulations, but also for their own safety measures
about being fit and fine. From this the business units will be able to understand the importance of
treating their staff with nutritious food supply in order to control their activities.
Stakeholders:

The stakeholders of this project of in house cooking are the staff members who will be
the real consumers of the food being provided. Along with them, the food producers and
manufacturers also play a role in the section as they are the intermediaries between staff and
organization. Apart from these, public health organizations, and community groups who protect
the interests of public are liable to know the outcomes of this project.
Roles and responsibilities:
The roles and responsibilities of the organization is to ensure proper planning about this
project and to monitor the actions related to it. This is because the task is dependent on the safety
and health measures of the employees. Hygiene, fresh food products, etc. are the essentials
required.
Milestones:
Aim of the project is to eradicate the levels of staff absenteeism till the end of current
financial year so that there will be no sign of congestion issues and the project will continue till
the life span of the business.
Budget:
Particulars Amount in $
Raw materials 500
Inventory management 1000
Cooking Equipment 2500
Cleanliness measures 100
Total 4100
Constraints / Risks:
There might be the risk of contamination and spoiling of raw materials by some of the
natural calamities. Food safety will also be a concern while managing eatables for a large
population. Technical issues can also occur due to kitchen appliances.
Success measurements:
Constant feedbacks from the stakeholders, mainly from the staff members about how was
the food services provided them was. Also, the local area public can also be surveyed in relation
to the success of in-house cooking project for the staff of the firm.

Project approval:
The approval of in-house cooking project for staff will be approved by the board
members on consultation with the staff members. It will involve the acceptance of both staff and
the upper department as well as the functional managers who will be supervising the whole
project.
Project planning:
Scope planning:
The scope of project is limited to the activities of initiating, planning, execution and
closure of project for arranging the in supply of food measures to the staff.
Project schedule development:
The scheduling of project activities is done in an orderly manner starting from the
planning and designing of steps involved (Brunner. and et.al., 2019). Then those steps are being
divided into variants of tasks and sub tasks that are clearly defining all the sequence in which the
activities are carried out.
Resource planning:
The initial level of activities such as the planning and organizing of resources can be
efficiently done by a team of experts who will evaluate each and every task carefully. These can
be done at the day time when the resources will be easily available and an inspector will also be
hired to inspect the activities in a proper manner.
Budget planning:
Particulars Amount $
Resource cost 2000
Vendor's cost 1500
Quality maintenance cost 2500
Total 6000
Procurement planning:

The external analysis of the project will be done in this stage where the resources and
materials have been procured and optimised from. Information such as type of contracts and
sponsors that will promote the project will be mentioned and in this, written and standard
contracts will be taken.
Risk management:
Planning for possible risks and maintaining a planned outcome to overcome those risks
will be mentioned. Risks of safety in terms of technical issues have to be considered and secured
plans will be framed that will provide solutions. For in house cooking measures in an
organization, proper furnishing of floors and fresh raw materials will be maintained.
Quality assurance:
An acceptable food quality will be ensured to the staff members so that they will be
assured enough to utilise the in-house cooking efforts.
Communication planning:
The communication strategy will be classified in accordance with different stakeholders
such as digitally by social media and others can be personally introduced by the means of
meetings and gatherings.
Project execution:
Project deliverables:
The stakeholder provided the firm with changes such as raw materials and quality of the
food that will be used. With regard to this, the firm will make changes according to the change
requests of the stakeholders.
Performance data:
Category Deliverables Activity Cost Time taken
Raw materials Food items Procurement 500 2 months
Decision-making Outcomes Deciding on an
issue
100 1 month
Gathering of
stakeholders
Sponsors Inspection 250 2 – 3 months
Planning Project Execution of in 500 4 months

deliverables house cooking
Issue log:
The issues regarding various activities will be found and updated. In in-house cooking
methods, there can be lack of experience in cooking for a large population and plus certain
limitations regarding financial stability of the firm.
Documentation updates:
All the changes made will be documented in the project scope and project schedule areas
where everything will be properly mentioned regarding the changes.
Project Closure:
Now the project is being closed and is ready to be presented to the sponsors and
stakeholders. Now the in house cooking in premises will be open to all the staff members and
reviews will be collected. All the suppliers and vendors are being settled within the monetary
terms and the stakeholders are asked to inspect the project. At last, an implementation review
will be conducted to measure the success of project.
Building a case:
Name of the project:
In house cooking measures for the staff members in an organization.
Vision / Objectives:
 To provide staff members with effective and nutritious in food supplements in the
premises. To maintain the health and safety of both localities and staff of an organization.
Mission: To ensure sustainability in the relations between organization and its staff.
Executive summary:
The main motive of the project planned is to produce an effective in house eatery place to
the staff in an organization that can reduce the absenteeism of staff and employee turnover rates
during the lunch break hours.
Innovation ideas:

The project produced is planning to introduce such measures that can motivate and
stimulate the staff to optimise the in house cooking process. The measures will be like depicting
a clear picture of the disadvantages of eating outside at the same time in a large population.
Why an opportunity:
It is an opportunity for the firm to attract more customers by applying such effective
societal and environmental approaches to conserve its staff members.
Improvement:
The availability of human and technological resources will be best utilised in relation to
the brand reputation the firm already has.
Resources needed:
A time and cost efficient team of workers and supervisors who will help in planning and
executing the activities thus planned along with digitalisation techniques.
Gantt chart:
Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
1 Project initiation 9 days Mon 10/3/22 Tue 10/18/22
1.1 Selecting the title 1 day Mon 10/3/22 Mon 10/3/22
1.2 Describing the
background 1 day Tue 10/4/22 Tue 10/4/22 2
1.3 Setting of goals 3 days Mon 10/10/22 Wed 10/12/22 2,3
1.4 Analyzing the
stakeholders 2 days Thu 10/13/22 Fri 10/14/22 4
1.5 Grouping the milestones 2 days Mon 10/17/22 Tue 10/18/22 5,4
2 Project planning 16 days Wed 10/19/22 Wed 11/9/22
2.1 Scheduling the steps 1 day Wed 10/19/22 Wed 10/19/22 6
2.2 Resource planning 3 days Thu 10/20/22 Mon 10/24/22 8
2.3 Budget planning 6 days Tue 10/25/22 Mon 11/7/22 8,9
2.4 Procurement planning 2 days Tue 11/8/22 Wed 11/9/22 8,9,10
2.5 Risk management 1 day Tue 11/8/22 Tue 11/8/22 10
3 Project execution 9 days Wed 11/9/22 Mon 11/21/22
3.1 Project deliverables 2 days Wed 11/9/22 Thu 11/10/22 12
3.2 Measuring performance
data 1 day Fri 11/11/22 Fri 11/11/22 14
3.3 Monitoring the activities 2 days Mon 11/14/22 Tue 11/15/22 14,15
3.4 Describing the issues 1 day Wed 11/16/22 Wed 11/16/22 16
3.5 Eradicating the identified
issues 3 days Thu 11/17/22 Mon 11/21/22 17
4 Project closure 7 days Tue 11/22/22 Wed 11/30/22

4.1 Reviewing the
performance rates 2 days Tue 11/22/22 Wed 11/23/22 18
4.2 Questioning the project
elements 2 days Thu 11/24/22 Fri 11/25/22 20
4.3 Reviewing their feedbacks 1 day Mon 11/28/22 Mon 11/28/22 21
4.4 Settling the monetary
aspects 1 day Tue 11/29/22 Tue 11/29/22 22
4.5 Implementing the
activities 1 day Wed 11/30/22 Wed 11/30/22 23

Risks:
Risk of substitutes in the market and depreciating of digital and innovation equipment
and ideas. The competitors will be around all the time to get ahead in competing (Arlinghaus.
and et.al., 2019).
Benefits:
Attaining a desired competitive advantage by satisfying the needs and demands of both
the internal as well as the external aspects of the firm.
Projected cash flow:
Opening
balance
Month 1
2000
Month 2
1500
Month 3
1000
Month 4
900
Month 5
800
Month 6
700
Cash In
Sales 2500 2000 2000 1500 2000 1100
Total 2500 2000 2000 1500 2000 1100

Cash out
Raw
materials
350 200 150 200 250 300
Stakehold
ers
analysis
250 300 350 400 450 500
Total 600 500 500 600 700 800
Advantages of the above:
The above mentioned project have advantages in terms of monetary and non-monetary
also in terms of profit rates and brand reputation respectively (Martinez. and Cooper. 2020).
Limitations:
There are limitations in terms of lack of resources and approval for project execution. S
Solutions:
Making a clear analysis of the strategies formed and present these in front of the
stakeholders and stimulate them in a way in which they will be ready to support the plan.
Conclusions:
In order to formulate a project effectively that can be availed by the stakeholders as well
as the end consumers, it is important to be specific about all the activities that will be activated
and analysed till the end.
Pros and cons PLC:
Pros:
It provides with the proper structure for project delivery, it improves communication between
team members, it also enables progress to be tracked in the organization.
Cons:
the work end only when the work is completed, high risk has the certainty, might not be choice
of complex project, not be ideal for the object oriented projects and can be out of the place for
long term projects initiated in the organization.
What is a project plan :

Termed as a series and methods of formal documents and executing of the activities, the
project plan defines the monitoring and controlling of the activities.
Pros: Ensures the best use of resources
Cons: It is a time consuming process.
Cost benefits analysis of a project:
A process of comparing the desired or projected estimated costs that are connected with a
project. The decisions are made to evaluate whether the project is sensible from the business
perspective.
Pros:
 It is highly recommendable in predicting uncertainties. Eases the process of decision-making.
Cons:
 Does not take into consideration the important and relevant issues.
 The necessary instinct about the project is removed.
Analysis of project methodologies and tools used:
1. Agile methodologies:
This tool helps in managing the project by bifurcating it into different phases. A
collaboration with stakeholders, is involved to improve the performance rates. The process of
team cycle goes on with every phase.
Pros:
 Flexible in nature Supports the communication levels.
Cons:
 Prediction is important It is a time consuming process
2. Project management tools:
These involve the 5 most important project management tools that are utilised in the
formation of project planning. These are strategic planning, customer relationship
management, etc.

Pros:
 Helps in better collaboration with others. Flexibility is high
Cons:
 It supports vulnerability Costs the host a lot of investment
Project leadership:
In this project of in house cooking, the activities pertaining to lead the team and project
towards the success road marks the completion of the project. The main target is to get the work
done by others to increase the overall productivity rates.
Pros:
 Speeding up the project work Improved chances of achieving results
Cons: Overlapping of activities among the subordinates.
Pros of performance management: The door of communication opens up speedily
Cons of performance management:
 Encourages discouragement
Evaluation:
1. Milestones:
The milestone approach helps in the tracking of performance rates at which the project
started and how efficiently it ended with success rates. The current project case included the
performance data table that defines how much time and resources were consumed.
2. Targets:
The target was to decrease the congestion issues in the local area by providing the staff
with in house cooking facilities.
3. Deliverables:
Deliverables in this project were fresh and healthy food supplies to the staff in order to
reduce staff absenteeism during the lunch hours.
4. Benchmarks:

A strategic planning method to identify the data desired and met at which point. The
current project included internal and external market analysis for the project to succeed.
5. Key performance indicators:
Revenue growth and customer satisfaction rates were set the standard KPIs to measure
the performance rates.
Importance of reliability and validity in evaluation:
 It helped in testing the equipment in all the situations that were related to success of the
in house cooking project (Elmousalami. 2020). The outcomes were all accurate and ensured the applicability of the project.
Programme theory and logic models:
Program Theory Planned
work
Planned work Intended
results
Intended
results
NEEDS Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes
CONTEXT Resources
Invested
Resource
utilisation
Service
delivery
Changes
ASSUMPTIONS Time Project
planning
Healthy and
nutritious
food
Awareness of
in house
cooking
Workers Processed with
raw materials
Eatables Evaluation of
raw materials
Money Deliverables No
congestion
issues
Ability to
measure the
performance
rates
Technology Equipment
utilisation
Modern way
of in house
cooking
Smart cooking
solutions
Sponsors Meetings and
gatherings
A stake on
the views and
opinions
Changes made
in the project
plan

CONCLUSION
The above report based on the operation and project management has concluded about
the introduction to the company and explanation of the operations and operation management
have been provided. Report have also shown about the principles of the project management and
continuous improvement by describing the lean principles and also by providing the
improvement plan by using in the six sigma. Later, the report have shown about reduction in the
movement of the staff during lunch time, and how to help the staff to develop healthy life style
as the part of their CSR and how to reduce the staff absenteeism. Further, the report have shown
about the portfolio by containing the various documents and the report have also shown about
the analysation of the methodologies and the tools used in the project. Report have also
concluded about the evaluation of the effectiveness of the PLC by using in the theories and
models.

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