Operations and Project Management: Principles, Objectives, and Continuous Improvement Plan

This guide covers the principles and objectives of operations and project management, including Toyota's approach. It also explains the project life cycle and how to create a continuous improvement plan. The content includes a business case, Gantt chart, WBS, and more.

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Unit 16: Operations and Project Management
Project Title OPERATIONS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Objectives of operations management..................................................................................3
1.2 Principles of operations management...................................................................................4
2.0 Concept of continuous improvement....................................................................................5
2.1 Continuous Improvement Plan..............................................................................................5
3.0 Define project life cycle........................................................................................................6
3.1................................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Critique of the effectiveness of the application of the PLC, WBS, Gannt Chart and Critical
Path............................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Activity 1
1.0 Introduction
Operations management is the process of administration of business practices which
helps in creating efficiency within Toyota. Operations management is concerned with converting
into goods and services in an effective and efficient manner possible within organization. It aims
in balancing costs and revenue and helps in engaging to the basis through which all the aspects
of how the Toyota's operations are taken into action and are implemented effectively and in
appropriate manner (Nowitschkow and et.al., 2021). Operations management involves the staff,
employees, technology and materials at large scale and helps in analyzing the scale through
which all the measures are calculated and evaluated effectively.
Operations management holds the operations of the company and manages the skills and
abilities which helps in channelizing the aspects of growth and development by managing costs
and the revenue at large scale. Operations management aims at handling various strategic issues
and problems which helps in understanding the measures through which operations play an
important role in Toyota company (Fettermann and et.al., 2018). Operation management handles
various project management methods and ways through which all aspects are identified at large
scale. This also entails in studying various measures through which operations management
skills are undertaken. This helps in knowing the operations of the company.
1.1 Objectives of operations management
There are major five objectives which are framed for operations management and this
helps in knowing the basis through which operations are handled in the Toyota company. The
objectives are described as follows -
 To utilize the resources of Toyota to ensure that the company it using it wisely and in
appropriate manner.
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 To create the products and service which satisfies the needs and wants of customers and
to enhance the value of products.
 To attain output through lowest cost by gaining maximum through it which makes it
essential aspect for increasing the profits of business.
 To control wastage and pollution of Toyota company (Kshetri, 2018).
 To effectively maintain the operations of Toyota to ensure the effectiveness at large scale.
The objectives which are framed helps in analyzing the basis through Toyota needs to
achieve these objectives skillfully for the growth and development of the business by ensuring
that these objectives are fulfilled effectively. The objectives include how Toyota will effectively
maintain the operations along with other objectives explained in detail.
Therefore, these are five main objectives which are framed for ensuring aspects through
which operations management of Toyota is attained and this helps in ensuring various measures
through which operations management is evaluated within Toyota and this helps in ensuring the
measures through which these objectives are fulfilled at large scale (Barnes, 2018). The
objectives of operations management are framed in such manner that all the essential aims are
covered which are to be accomplished at large scale and which helps in signifying the basis of
how operations are worked upon in Toyota company. Thus, the issues and problems are solved
when the objectives are framed for company. The objectives have helped in knowing major
aspects to be completed effectively and appropriately.
1.2 Principles of operations management
There are main five principles as how operations management is explained effectively
and in appropriate manner and these principles are described as -
 Principle 1 — Reality — This must focus on larger problems so that there is reality check
towards the operation which are being performed. Reality helps in checking the cycle of
operations management.
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 Principle 2 — Humility — This is the principle which must respect the limitations by
avoiding the trails and errors. And this helps in creating value for which all major reasons
of humility are observed.
 Principle 3 — Organization — In this principle all the elements must be predictable and
consistent which helps in knowing that organization is an important aspect and element in
business.
 Principle 4 — Accountability — Individuals which are processing the operations must be
accountable for the operations which are handled within organization.
 Principle 5 — Change — There must be changes which should be done so that new ways
for example the management methodologies are used within organization such as usage
of six sigmas, lean and Kaizen.
These are main five principles which helps in denoting scales through which operations
management covers reality of Toyota company, humility factor, organization requirements,
accountability Toyota holds and change which organization has enabled towards operations'
management. These principles denote that Toyota is engaged in maintaining scale of success for
operations management within Toyota. These principles have been implemented by Toyota and
have ensured measures through which operations' management of company has been managed
effectively and in appropriate manner. The operations' management of Toyota are leading best
till date and have improved through different ways which has been analyzed and there are
changes in process which have been managed.
Activity 2
2.0 Concept of continuous improvement
Continuous improvement is also known as continual improvement which helps in
improvement in products and services through incremental and breakthrough improvements at
large scale. Continuous improvement helps in analyzing the basis through which all aspects are
being concerned and this helps in channelizing the basis through which improvement in the
process of Toyota company is attained. This helps in evaluating the aspects which are in need of
improvement in the company and which enables the process to be continuously in form of how
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effectively and in appropriate manner Toyota is improving its methods of operations by
continuous improvement. By focusing and enhancing the activities of Toyota the company is
able to make the process effective and efficient. There are some principles of continuous
improvement plan which are described as follows -
 Focusing on customers needs and demands and fulfilling them effectively.
 Monitoring the measurable methods and utilizing the fact — based information.
 Ensuring support from company members for continuous improvement within the
company.
 Driving change which leads towards increment and helps in analyzing the basis through
which all aspects of growth are measured within Toyota.
 Incorporating teamwork for continuous improvement plan to be successfully led by
Toyota effectively and efficiently.
2.1 Continuous Improvement Plan
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PLAN
Objectives Resources
Required
Cost
involved
Time
required
Who is
responsible
Review time Outcome of
the review
To create
products and
services
which
satisfies
needs and
wants of
customers.
Machinery,
technology
etc.
Approximatel
y £130.
5 months Managers
and
employees
are
responsible.
Each week. Successfully
done.
To attain
output
through
lowest cost
by gaining
Technology,
cost analysis,
financial
scales etc.
£150 3 months Toyota's
financial
management
employees.
Every week. Successfully
achieved.
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maximum
through it.
To control
wastage and
pollution of
Toyota
company.
Waste
control
machinery,
technology
etc.
£160 2 months Employees
and waste
control team.
Each week. Successfully
achieved the
target to
control waste.
To
effectively
maintain
operations of
Toyota.
Technology
etc.
£100 4 months Employees
and
managers.
Each week. Successfully
achieved the
objective
framed.
Therefore, these are the objectives which are framed for knowing and analyzing the scale
through which all aspects are covered and which helps in analyzing and evaluating the major
aspects of how Toyota is able to consider the factors of being able to provide all the benefits to
the employees of the company at large scale. These objectives help in continuously improving
the plan and helps in knowing the major aspects of growth and development within system.
Activity 3
3.0 Define project life cycle
Project life cycle refers to the four step process which is followed by project managers
when going through the stages of project completion. This helps in creating value through which
all the four stages are being explained and this helps in knowing the major aspects which are
described as below -
Four stages of PLC are explained as below -
Initiation — The first stage is project initiation which helps in framing the business need,
problem and how the opportunities are seized. In this project objective of the project is known
and how the changes are observed during the initiation are identified at large scale. Initiation
helps in delivering all information regarding the start of project which is being framed
(Ecologies, 2018).
Planning — Planning of the project is the second stage which helps in preparing the team and
planing to take the project further as how effectively the project is being implemented. And for
this, project plan is being implemented by denoting the various steps which are to be taken in the
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project framing. Planning helps in developing the stages of how the project is being planned at
large scale.
Execution — In this stage, creation of tasks and organizing the workflow systems is drawn by
communicating with team members and measuring the quality of work has been done within the
project. This stage also includes framing of the budget which requires how the planning is to be
done and what are the effective measures of costs control (Mingus, 2017).
Closure — This is the last stage of project planning which describes information such as
providing final deliverable, determining the success of the project and releasing the project
resources which have been provided in the project at large scale. Closure helps in delivering all
the essential information which is required in the project (Bhawani and et.al., 2021). While
closure of the project plan, it analyses the project as whole and helps in creating value of how the
framework of whole project is being done. The main aim is being identified as to how effectively
and appropriately the project is being closed in an appropriate manner.
3.1
Stage 1 — Project Initiation -
Background — The background of the project is that the project is providing the scale through
which the project has been conducted skillfully by providing all the essential information which
is required and asked in the project to be planned effectively and in appropriate manner. The
project will also include the Gantt chart, WBS, which will help in providing the scale through
which project is to be implemented. Project initiation is the first stage which helps in creating
motivation for knowing the value of how the project is to be completed and what are the major
objectives which are to be framed for the project to take place in appropriate manner.
Document 1- Business case
Purpose — To effectively create value of the project which is being undertaken. The purpose of
project helps in knowing the importance as to why the project was being initiated and what are
the measures which helps in creating value through which all steps in the project are followed
and successfully achieved the scale as per determined. The Business case further can be
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understood as one of the most essential aspect, which holds specific importance for successful
completion of project within timely business targets.
Objectives -
 To create value for the project by framing all steps effectively.
 To increase the sales of Toyota by 10% at the end of year 2022. To evaluate the products and services to make them reach to the customers.
Scope — The scope of the project is that it helps in achieving the scale of project so that the
objectives are fulfilled in initiating the basis of project creating value for the organization. The
scope of project also helps in delivering the basis through which each aims and objectives of the
project will help in valuing the system of how effectively the project is being planned. This helps
in making and framing the scale of how the project will be completed.
Deliverable — The project will deliver the analysis of how it has been framed including the
project planning method and its four stages. The main deliverable are Gantt chart, WBS which
will be framed through which all aspects are considered at large scale helping the project to
know and analyze the basis of how the project is creating value. The project will deliver all the
essential information regarding the basis as to how the project is being creating value at large
scale. Deliverable will be also taken care, by taking up specific focus on improvised functional
goals within long term targets and improvised deliveries.
Paul and Penny aims to expand business with renovation on site where the success is
based on various factors including public awareness, healthcare benefits and public health
initiatives diversely. The project holds significant rationale as it will enable to create rapid
engagement based on fundamental goals for strengthened business reach rapidly and enhance
determined reach. Project plan makes sure that resources used within project are timely utilized
for further extensive business growth goals diversely.
Document 2- Project plan
The project plan to successfully launch develop business running plan in leisure center
will be done by further extending new fundamental goals and optimizing avenues based on
significant working expertise diversely. It can be also analyzed that best advanced utilization of
resources will be done, based on informative utilization of goals and develop proper competitive
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working reach significantly based on larger wider steps. Also resources timely utilization will be
further focused on for extended new ranger of vi son and project timely completion with huge
range of efficacy optimization significant goals. It can be also analyze that business structured
information has been vitally shedding light on new range of critical extended paradigms for
profitability and successful. Completion of project within new arenas. The Business case also
enhances new range of determined functional pace, where significant commercial standards and
further extended scope has been primitively found to be also integrally crucial. Also project
functional enhancement, aims to strengthen up commercial extensive reach based upon intricate
business findings and to harness new range of efficacy goals widely. Also, project plan is
correlated to further enhance new aspects correlated to develop competent work synergies, based
on extensive scale resources timely utilization. Also, project plan significantly is correlated to
develop larger competent expertise in improvised well being goals dynamically based on
determined key synergies.
Stage 2 — Project Planning — Project planning is being done to ensure that the project is
performed effectively and framed in appropriate manner. This helped in analyzing what are the
steps which are being followed in the project making the project successful by providing all
essential information. Project planning also helps in evaluating the aspects as to how the project
is being implemented by channelizing the project steps effectively. The project planning is done
in such manner that it helps in providing all the essential information which is included in the
project at large scale.
Document 3( Work breakdown structure)
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Stage 3 — Project Execution -
Document 4 Gantt Chart
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Leisure Centre & Site
Design 10 days Thu
11/25/21 Wed 12/8/21
Planning Application 15 days Thu 12/9/21 Wed 12/29/21 1
Site Purchase 15 days Thu
12/30/21 Wed 1/19/22 2
Dig foundation, build
walls 15 days Thu 1/20/22 Wed 2/9/22 3
Erect Roof 10 days Thu 2/10/22 Wed 2/23/22 4
Plumbing & pumping 10 days Thu 2/24/22 Wed 3/9/22 5
Electricals 15 days Thu 3/10/22 Wed 3/30/22 6
Painting 10 days Thu 3/31/22 Wed 4/13/22 7
Internal fittings &
finishings 10 days Thu 4/14/22 Wed 4/27/22 8
Installation of Security
system 10 days Thu 4/28/22 Wed 5/11/22 9
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Installation of IT system 10 days Thu 5/12/22 Wed 5/25/22 10
Final Preparations for
opening 5 days Thu 5/26/22 Wed 6/1/22 11
Critical path
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Stage 4 — Project Closure — The major events which took place in the project helped in
evaluating the project essentials which helped in valuing the scales of framing the Gantt chart,
WBS which have been made and drawn effectively. The main aim of the project helps inn
delivering the aspects through which all measures are drawn for which eventually the project is
framed and this helps in denoting how the project is to be completed. The main aim of the
project helps in taking and initiating the scales through which all the essential information is
gained and this helped in drawing the conclusion that all aspects are considered at large scale
which are being denoted to know the steps which have been followed in framing and creating the
aspects of project to run continuously helping to achieve the aspects of growth and changes
which are done within the project. Along with this, the main aim of the project is also analyzed
which helped in delivering the basis of the activities and tasks which were being undertaken to
know the basis of how the project is being done and analyzed effectively and appropriately. This
engaged the project in succeeding through the project deliverable which helped in framing what
project has achieved effectively and in appropriate manner. Therefore, this helped in analyzing
the basis of the whole project undertaken.
3.2 Critique of the effectiveness of the application of the PLC, WBS, Gannt Chart and Critical
Path
Review of tasks, has been found to be also done in proper working efficacy for larger
productive competencies, to evolve towards fundamental vision operative goals to generate keen
engagement with high level optimum scenarios. It can be also analyzed that usage of PLC, WBS
and gantt chart further improvised new range of working efficacy to generate larger consistency
in project. The project techniques used in project were highly advanced, to critically improvise
new range of competencies further for larger scale imperative new vision goals. Also, tasks done
in project have been also productively utilized for extensive project completion with the best
competencies based on extended goals. Also research used within project has been found to be
authentic, highly competent for productive working scenarios based on latest technical pathways
for gaining new range of competencies worked on strategically. It can be also analyzed that
further extensive business specifics, enhances project technical goals to leverage new range of
vision to gain competitive results. Also, methods are widely advanced, productively
synchronized for operative rise based on affirmative pathways to generate keen vision for
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extended scope significantly. The methods used up within research also are practically
operative, which enabled to gain authenticity in research findings.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Barnes, D., 2018. Operations Management. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Bhawani, S. and et.al., 2021. Key Planning Steps Enabling Systematic Lean Implementation on
Construction Projects. Lean Construction Journal.
Ecologies, N., 2018. Stories, Stages and Journeys. Ardeth# 02 (I-Spring 2018): BOTTEGA.
Ecology of Design Practice. p.119.
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Fettermann, D.C. and et.al., 2018. How does Industry 4.0 contribute to operations management?.
Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering.35(4).pp.255-268.
Kshetri, N., 2018. 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives.
International Journal of Information Management.39.pp.80-89.
Mingus, N.B., 2017. Seven Steps for Highly Effective Project Management. In Project
Management (pp. 3-10). CRC Press.
Nowitschkow, A. and et.al., 2021, March. Factory data management: Definition and
differentiation from manufacturing operations management. In 2021 22nd IEEE
International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) (Vol. 1, pp. 718-721). IEEE.
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