Organisation Behaviour Essay

This essay examines the principles of organizational behavior and their application within Radisson Hotels. It analyzes the influence of culture, power, and politics on employee behavior and performance, explores various motivational theories, and discusses the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams.

Organisation
Behaviour

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is related to study of behabiour of human being who is
working in an organisation. It is mainly related to the interact individual or group members
with each other as well as organisation behaviour involve concern related to understanding,
production, predicating and control of particular person behaviour within workplace (Chumg
And et.al, 2016). Along with this, research related to organisational behaviour assist in
conducting day to day activities within effective manner and also analysis staff member’s
performance. This assignment is based on Radisson which is international chain of Radisson
hotel group. It is founded in 1909 and its is working within hospitality, hotel and tourism
industry. Headquarter of respective hotel is at Minnetonka, Minnesota, United States. Topics
which are included in respective report are impact of politics, culture as well as power on
others behaviours, method of motivation in order to achieve goal and objective. In addition to
this, it involves implementation of organisational behaviour within an organisation and how
to develop effective team or group.
TASK 1
P1 Organisation’s culture, power and politics influence individual as well as team behaviour
and performance
Within a company power, values and politics of workplace directly effects on
performance of employees. For analysis these factors Radisson Hotel utilise several theories
as well as methods like, for culture company will use Handy's four classes, for power they
use French and raven theory and so on.
Influence of culture - Culture influence is related to historical, geographical as well
as familiar factors which gives impact on Organisation. Although, Culture is a set of values,
ideas, anti facts or other meaningful gestures which assist individuals to communicate and
interpret in the company. It helps to provide a common identity, common understanding and
values. Charles Handy has explained culture if four different types in Handy Cultural
Typology. They are as follows: Power culture – This is related with capabilities of an employee for influencing other
peoples who are working in an company for achieving organisational goals in
effective manner. Within several organisation power of decision making are given to

few peoples only and other have to follow the rules and regulation given by them for
doing work. Alomng with this, Radisson make to make sure that power is given to
such people who have skills as well as capabilities of effectual decision making. This
result in influencing individual and team because power result in accomplishing goals
and objectives of organisation. Although, performance of staff memeber will get
enhance when manager have power to influence them. Task culture – It is kind of typology which impact performance of staff members as
well as organisation in that team are formed for accomplishing objectives or for
resolving issues consider as task culture (Wood And et.al., 2016). Moreover, in this
culture people who have similar specialisation as well as common interest get
combined together for forming team. There are mainly 10 to 15 members in team of
Radisson hotel and they can adopt task culture so that member of every team
contribute equally for achieving work in effective manner. Task culture give impact
on behaviour of team members or individual because everyone know their duties
which help in performing task within effective manner. This result in getting work
done within effective manner when work is assigned to them. Person culture – This type states that an individual is extremely focused on himslef
instead of organisation because individual join organisation for earning money as well
never get attached with Radisson. Respective organisation utilise person culture for
creating values, focused towrds individual and engage staff members for meeting self
actualisation needs. In addition to this, such type of culture is implemented within
company while activities such as inequality take place within organisation when
individual is focusing on their work instead of conern about team memebers. It gives
negative impact and reduce team working and effect relation of employees towrds
each other.
 Role culture – Here responsibilities and duties are assigned to staff memebers
according to their qualification, specification and interest area. Radisson Hotel have to
use role culture so that daily basis task will be assigned to employees according to
their specilisation in order to its accomplishment within effectual manner. Such
practices result in motivating staff members as well as doing work in effective manner
because activities are assigned to them according their capabilities of doing work.

Thus, Radisson Hotel have to adopt role culture in their workings so that roles and
responsbilities are alloted or given to staff members according to their qualification, interest
area, skills and so on.
Influence of Power – Power is related to capabilities having within individual for
influencing others. Although, poer is related to the ability of getting their work done by other
peoples with the motive of accomplishing goals in effective manner. Coercive power - It is related to the coercion which means that individual is forced
by superiors within organisation for performing their task. Within this power
individual have capabilities for punishing other staff members and use fear as an
motivation tool for getting work done by others (Coccia, 2015). As such prcatices
result in negative impact on organisation because through forcefull activities work
will be get done by others. Reward power – In this power work will be assigned to individual members in
exchange of any rewards. Reward power is opposite to the coercive power as well as
Radisson Hotel can use Reward power for encouraging employyes and develop their
performance by offering them types of rewards. These will be in the form of cash and
non-cash such as incentives, holiday packages, bonus promotion and so on. Such
practices give positive impact on individual and team behaviour because by such
rewards they will feel motivated to do work in effective manner. Legitimate power – It is related to the feel found in individual as they feel responsible
towards management. Legitimate power help general manager of Radisson Hotel in
providing power or responsibility of every person according to their post within
organisation. By implementing such power resources will be in controlled and
rewards as well as punishment system also. With the assistance of this individual and
every team memeber both can take decisiuons as per position so they can perform
work in effectual manner.
 Referent power – This is consider as an personality, personal as well as charismatic
power (Kitchin, 2017). Referent power is related to individual personality which
result in attracting people. Manager of Radisson Hotel utilise respective power for
attrcting their employees so they will obey manager and perform task in effective
manner.

Influences of politics – It is related to the unofficial, informal efforts made by the
employees of organisation for selling their thoughts as well as increase power and result in
achieving another targeted objectives. Moreover, staff memebers of a company are concerned
with politics which influence performance of workers and entire team (Jacobs and Manzi,
2019). Politics effect the working emnvironment of Radisson Hotel by result in minimising
effectivness of organisation and employees. Along with this, it also effect on individuals
behaviour and team explanation is as follows :- Minimise the productivity – Politics result in reducing productivity of particular
person and entire team. Because in this less attention is paid towards task which result
in getting fail for accmplishing targets within specified time period.
 Maintain decorum – It is important for an organisation to organise decorum in
effective manner. So that individual and team members will perform their day to day
activities in effective manner with the motive of accomplishing goals and objectives.
Hofstede's six dimesions of culture – It is framework for cross cultural
communication introduced by Greet Hofstede as well as generally this theory describes the
impact of society culture on the value of members. Along with this, how these value will
related to the behaviour. There are dimensions of culture such as :-
 Power distance index (high versus low) – PDI high scores shows that society accept
unequal, hierarchical distribution of power and people who understand their place in
the system. Whereas, low PDI means power is shared as well as widly dispersed and
society members will not accept situation in which power is distributed unequally.
 Individualism versus Collectivism – It is related to the strength of the ties which
individual have to others within their community. High value placed on people's time
and their need for privacy and freedom. Whereas, low IDV Emphasis on building
skills and becoming master of something.
 Masculinity Versus Femininty – It is related to the distribution of roles within mens
and womens. Within masculine society, role of womens and mens overlap less as well
as mens are expected to behave asswrtively.
 Uncertainty Avoidance index (high versus low) – This cultural dimens reflect that
how well individaual can cope with anxiety.

 Long versus short-term orientation - This dimension was originally explained as
"Pragmatic Versus Normative (PRA)." It is related to the time horizon people within
the society display.
TASK 2
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisation
The content theory of motivation - This consists of many motivational theories that
are practised by managers and leaders to inspire the workforce. The content theory is the
earliest theories of motivation. Different types of theories included in content theory are,
Management assumptions (theory X and Theory Y), McClellends Need for achievement,
ERG theory, affiliation, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and power and Herzberg's Two factor
theory. In context to Radisson, the motivational theory used by management of this
organisation is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.
This theory is instroduced by Maslow in the year 1954. According to this, employees
are motivated by different levels of satisfaction. The various kind of needs explained by
Maslow in this theory are lower, middle and higher level of needs.

(The New Hierarchy of Needs — Maslow’s, 2018)
Physiological needs- These are related to basic requirements which human needs for
survival such as food, air, drink, clothing, shelter, sleep, etc. The employees of company can
feel motivated when they are having all basic amenities and good life. In respect of
Radisson, the manager should make sure that their employees physiological needs are
fulfilled in food, shelter, water etc. These facilities helps employees to retain in company for
long, make them motivate which in turn let them to contribute more towards the achievement
of organisational goals.
Safety needs- Other needs of an individual are safety needs. It is very important for
people to be safe from threats and danger (Elsmore, 2017). Radisson provides their
employees a safe and secure environment to work and provide them secuity neeeds such
health insurance, life insurance, workmen compensation fund and so on which make their
future income safe.
Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

Love and belongingness- This level of needs are affection needs. This interpersonal
relationships need motivates the behaviour of employees. In context of Radisson, the
company provides positive work culture and good relations among all employees. This will
let employees to share their problems with their colleagues and will feel motivated to
contribute towards personal as well as organisational goals. A positive and healthy
environment in a company makes employees to retain for long period. In addition to this the
company must also organise events, parties where employees will become familiar with each
other and build strong bonds as well as organisation must also provide vacation to their
employees.
Esteem needs- The esteem needs are classified into two types of needs i.e. esteem of
an individual and expecting for respect from others. Maslow provides a good working
environment and employees have respect for each other. In context of Radisson, while
making any decision employees keep each other views and opinion in minds and respect
them. Due to this employees dont hestiate in sharing thier views in front of other members.
Self actualisation- This is the self actualisation stage of need of an individual.
Employees of Radisson are motivated for achieving their goals and targets in life. In context
of Radisson, employees themselves use their ideas on how they can make their work more
productive which will help them in getting promotion, appraisal from their superiors, bonus
and so on. The manager must give proper training to thier employees which will increase
organisation productivity as well as enhance knowledge and skills of employees
Two factor theory – This theory has been states that there are two factors which an
organisation can adjust for influencing motivation within workplace. The two factors are
motivators and hygiene explanation of these are as follows :-
 Motivator – He/she play important role in conducting daily basis operations within
effective manner. As they motivate employees to work hard.
 Hygiene factors – This factor don't encourage staff members to do hard work but it
may result in becoming them unmotivaed if it is not present. Thus, it is important for
company to have proper hygiene.
Motivation is the term which inspire employees for performing their work in effective
manner with the motive of its accomplishing their objectives. Their are content and process
theories which will use by manager of Radisson Hotel that will result in employees

motivation and accomplishing goals and objectives (Sendjaya And et.al., 2019). Maslow's is
motivation theory and it play important role in increasing motivation level of staff members
because with the assiststance of it basic need and want of customer will get satisfdied as well
as along with basis self esteem need also. Although, it help in incraesing staff members
motivation through modifying managerial as well as organisational practices for enhnacing
likelihood which staff members will get accomplish all level of needs. Maslow’s theory has
also helped managers in understanding that it is hard to motivate people by appealing to
already-satisfied needs.
Process theory – There are several process theories such as vroom's expectancy
theory skinner's reinforcement, adam's equity theory and so on. Manager of Radission hotel
will implement Vroom's expectancy theory which is mention below:-
Vroom expectancy theory – It is based on behaviour, skills and personality of staff
members within company. This theory will be implemented by manager of Radisson hotel to
gain better outcomes and provide good as well as services to customer in effective manner.
There are three instrument of respective theory are mention below :- Expectancy – In this instrument when personnel work within team they have to see
how goals and objectives will be manupulated for gaining desried outcomes within
organisation. In respect of Radisson, managers of the company guide their team
members how organisational goals and objective have to be achieved, support
members and provide them resources that are needs which will help them to produce
better results. Instrumentality – In this instrument rewards are based on the performance of
employees which gained by them according to work. thus, manager of Radisson hotel
give reawrds according to their working criteria so that desried outcomes will be
gained. In context of Radisson, the managers of company assure employees that if
they perform well and bring desired outcomes then they will be receiving rewards in
the form of bonus, incntives and promotion.
 Valence – In this instrument manager of respective hotel assist employees to work in
team so better decision will be taken for getting better outcomes. Moreover, workers
will gain rewards according to their performance which help in incresing productivity.

In Radisson, the manager must evaluate the values of their employees and assign them
task accordingly which will satisfy their personal needs.
Equity theory – It is process theory of motivation which is developed by behavioural
psychologist John Stacey Adams in 1962. this theory says that staff member within
organisation get motivated through fair treatment and it also promote them to behave fairly
with other. Radisson Hotel have to implement equity theory within their working so they can
motivate their employees in effective manner by treating them fairly. Thus, such practices
will motivate employees and result in increasing productivity of company as well as their
profit maximisation ration also. For example: if conflict situation arise in an organisation then
manager of Radisson must listen to both parties and then take decision on its basis. They also
needs to provide compensation to employees on basis of their skills and position in the
organisation so thet they make tem motivated towards organisational goals and objectives.
From above it is concluded that Radisson must apply Maslow Hierarchy of Theory as
this thoery fulfil all the need of employees whether to provide food, shelter, health insurance
and so on. By applying this theory employees get familiar and healthy environment in an
organisation where they free themselves in motivating each other and shares their problems.
TASK 3
P3 what make an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In an organisation team plays an important role in accomplishing their objectives and
goals within effective manner (Mickan and Boyce, 2018). Team is basically a group of
people with different skills and capabilities who work together for accomplishing
predetermined objectives. Along with this, it is responsibility of Radission Hotel manager to
build team after identifying skills, qualification as well as ability of doing work. Because it
will result in building effective team and there is wide difference within productive and
unproductive team (Effective vs. Ineffective Teams, 2019). Explanation of these are as
follows:-
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Meaning Effective team is the
foundation of every
successful organisation
because it helps in
Ineffective team are those
whose goals are not clear as
well as members are not
preparing for doing work.

accomplishing goals and
objectives.
Goals Goals within effective team
are clarified as well as
modified so that best possible
match within individual goals
and group will accomplish in
effective manner (Cejka and
Mohelska, 2017).
Goals within ineffective
team are imposed on
members and their motive is
to work for achieving
organisational goals.
Communication Within effective team
communication is two way
each and every member can
give their opinions.
Communication within
ineffective team is always
one way and ideas are only
expressed as well as feelings
are ignored.
Decision Decision making within
effective team directly
matched with situation and
different method will be used
for making judgement.
Decision are taken by higher
level authority and there is
no role of other staff
members within it.
Participation and leadership Leadership and participation
is distributed within all group
members such as
achievement of goals,
internal team decisions and
development.
Leadership is based or
delegated through higher
authority.
Moreover, organisation use several methods as well as theories for developing effectual
team so with the assistance of this, they can achieve predetermined objectives and goals.
Thus, Radission Hotel is implementing Belbin’s and Tuckman theory assists about propensity
of team members. In addition to this, respective theory affects relation of team members in
the company. Explanation of these are as follows :-
Belbin's theory:

 Plant: This role is essential in the administration of organisation that it is
responsible for implementing effectual tools as well as techniques that are used at the
time of operating activities in effective way (Arumugam, 2017). This will enhance the
chances of achieving set targets, goals and objectives of organisation in effective
manner. It is important because plant help in gaining desired outcomes. Resource allocator: Manager of firm need proper fund, staff members and essential
resources which assist in performing assigned task or activities in effective manner.
To achieve same, manager provides resources to employees aiming at effective
executing business activities. This will lead team members to make their decision
more effective and thier task more productive which in turn will increase eficiency as
well as producivity of the team. Co-ordinator: It is essential role in that manager of company gives information to
staff members and aware them about objectives. They even give guidance for
accomplishing goals and objectives. To become effective team employees must
follow the guidance of their leaders so that task is done in a proper way and leaders
should make them aware about organisation goals and objectives. Shaper: It involves responsibilities given to group members with the motive of
performing activities in effectual manner. With the assistance of shaper role, manager
of team analyse performance of employees working within team in easy manner. Monitor evaluator: In this role, administration of organisation monitors performance
of staff members for enhancing their working level. Monitoring performance is
important for filling the gap within actual and standard performance and take
corrective action if any deviations are found. Teamwork: In this role, employees are performing their task with the motive of
accomplishing goals with optimum utilisation of available resources. Such practices
result in enhancing productivity of team members. Implementer: In this role, company use several models and theories with the motive
of making entire team working system effectual. Because it is important to do work
in effective manner becuase this is the only way through which goals and objectives
can be accomplish.
 Complete: Within this role, member of team perform their day to day activities in
proper manner and offer quality services to customers within required time and aware
about company goals and their expectation from them.
Tuckman thoery:

 Forming: The first stage of tuckman theory describes about formation of team in
which employees are not aware about organisation goals, leaders expectation from
them and so on. In context of Raddison, it is the duty of leaders to conduct effective
orientation programme of new employees, guide them how the work is done, thier
expection from them and make therm aware about organisation goals and objetives.
This will lead the leaders to make effective team of the organisation.
 Storming: Tuckman's thoery next stage describes about how employees come out of
their comfort zone and interact will their colleagues that leads to personality clash in
their organisation because of their views and opinions. In respect of Raddisson, the
leader of company must resolve the conflicts that arise due to different opinions and
views. In that situation leaders must resolve the conflicts which will be in favour of
both the employees and guide them the right path.
 Norming: Tuckman's theory third stage describes that employees are aware of
strength and weakness of every employee and while making any decision of
organisation keeps each other views and opinions in concern. In Radisson, employees
build friendly relation with each other and are task-oriented which makes ineffective
team effective. This leads to increase productivity and efficieny of team in an
organisation.
 Performing: The last stage of this theory describes that employees are well trained,
developed and know what their organisation and leader expect from them to achieve
organisation goals and objectives. In respect of Radisson, the leaders of team provide
rewards to their team members in form of incentives, bonus, promotion etc which
makes employees motivated and they work more harder to achieve organisation
objectives.
Tuckman and Belbin theory will assist organisation in building effective team because
with the assistance in identifying skills of each and every member. After that they will
combine employees of different skills and knowledge whose combination help in doing work
within effective manner and accomplishing goals and objectives. In context of Radisson,
tuckman thoery will help the company in formulation of a effective team and Belbin's theory
will help in assisting in managing the team.

TASK 4
P4 Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
Manager of Radisson Hotel have to set their goals and objectives so that it can be
accomplish within required time duration (Chaudhuri and Govil, 2015). Along with this, it is
important to provide appropriate information to every staff members so that goals can be
accomplished within required time duration as well as they will be guided at correct
direction. For example: Radisson hotel is facing issue of communication gap in the
organisation so for this manager must delegate the responisibilty to employee who has skills,
capabilities and power to influene others team members as well as will also reduce
comminication gap to resolve conflicts between them. Other than this company must also
adopt Maslow Hierarchy Of Theory which believes in fulfiling employees personal needs,
provide them health insurance and reward them on their productive results with bonus,
promotion and so on. With the help of this theory employees will fill the gap of their
communication and interact with their colleagues and understands their views and ideas
which will lead the team to produce effective results. In addition to this by applying tuckman
theory leaders must provide training and development programme to their employees and
enhance their personality with knowledge, communication skills and assign them task
according to their skills where they can pour out their potential in completing their task and in
case of any help they must approach other employees which will help in reducing
communicatiion gap between them and they will work together to achieve organisational
objectives. Respective organisation is facing issue with the employees motivation. Path goal
theory will be applied with the motive of making them motivated as well as explanation of
these are as follows :-
Path goal theory – It describes leadership style as well as behaviour which will be
best fit the employees and within working environment for accomplishing goals (Alleyne,
Hudaib and Haniffa, 2018). Main motive behind implementing this theory is to enhance
employees empowerment, motivation, and expectation so that they become productive for
company. Steps included in the same are as follows :-
 Importance the employees’ characteristics
 Choosing proper leadership style
 Concentrate on factors related to motivation which will help employees in
accomplishing objectives because it will result in growth and success for organisation.

There are some characteristics which focused through path goal theory within following
manner :-
 Employees characteristics – Staff members within an organisation are identified as
per the experienced controlled by them as well as their capabilities of managing
assigned responsibilities. Although, according to the skills and ability of performing
work task as assigned workers. This result in encouragement of Radisson Hotel
employees.
 Task and environmental characteristics – This characteristics rise within organisation
are of three type such as design, team and formal system of authority. Moreover,
employees are crucial for identifying that what type of task are assigned to them.
Manager of Radisson have to support employees for accomplishing organisation
objectives.
There are mainly four type of leadership style explanation of these are as follows :-
 Descriptive – In this type of leadership style, leader lets subordinates know what is
expected from them by their leader or manager. Along with this, guidance, direction
as well as schedules are given to staff members as per the work expected from them.
 Supportive – These types of leaders is friendly in nature and provide proper assistance
to staff member for doing their work in effective manner. Along with this, supportive
leaders work in the organisation for welfare of staff members as well as treat each and
every member equally.
 Participative – This type of leader always consults each and everything with staff
member working with them as well as takes their suggestions (Tekingündüz and et.al.,
2017). Along with this, allow subordinates to take participation within decision
making process within organisation.
 Achievement – In this type of style challenges goals are settled for workers and it has
been expected that they will perform at higher level. Moreover, encouraging staff
members and showing confidence within subordinate’s ability is necessary for better
leadership.
Thus, for Radisson Hotel supportive leadership style is more suitable because it will help
in giving better assistance to staff members in performing their task within effective

manner. Because with the assistnce of this company is able to provide support to their
staff members which result in motivating them as well as also help in their long term
retention within organisation.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the above discussion is it's very important to have a positive
atmosphere in an organisation because this will eventually help in doing day to day activity
of company within effective manner. Along with this, a healthy working environment is
provided to all staff members as well as motivates them for performing in a proper manner.
Apart from this, organisations have their own values, politics and power that might result
negatively or positively impact on particular personnel as well as on entire teams also.
Moreover, It is also analysed that motivation is important for an organisation because it result
in growth of company. Furthermore, significance of different types of motivational theories
are mentioned to focus on importance of companies who are taking motivational techniques
into consideration for encouraging their staff memebers.

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