Organisation Behaviour: Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation and Teamwork

This report discusses the impact of organisational culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour and performance, along with motivation theories and techniques to achieve organisational goals. It also covers effective teamwork and group development theories. The report is based on the case study of Tesco.

Organisation behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
How an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour
and performance..........................................................................................................................4
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.......................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.................................9
Critically analyse at least two group development theories to discuss the effectiveness of
teamwork in achieving the goals...............................................................................................11
Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour............................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
The study of a human behaviour in the organisation is known as an organisational
behaviour. To develop a concept of organisational life and to improve the organisation theory
this plays an important role. It includes the interaction between different level of an organisation
and how people behave or respond in a circumstances. This report is in context with the Tesco
company. The company was formed on 1919, the founder is jack cohen in hackney, london. The
company deals in the supermarket, hypermarket and superstore. An organisation produces a
various products such as books, furniture, clothes, telecom, internet services and many more. The
report considers the organisation culture, politics nad power and how this impact on the
individual and team behaviour. Moreover it includes the motivation theories and techniques to
obtain the objective of an organisation. Along with this it also involves concept and philosophies
of an organisational behaviour, how to motivate the employees and group to attain the goal(Uhl-
Bien,Piccolo, and Schermerhorn Jr, 2020.).
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
How an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour
and performance.
An organisation behaviour refers to the behaviour of an individual in an organization.
The interaction between different levels of people and how they react or behave in a
circumstances. An organisation is categorised into three parts that is topl level management,
middle level management and lower level management. It helps to enhance the performance,
raise the satisfaction level of performing the job, encouraging innovation & promoting leadership
Culture
The organisation's culture defines the framework of a company or non profit company
such as charity. It is a combination of practices, expectation and values that provide the
guidelines for the group memebers. With the reference of tesco company, they followed a culture
where they respect their customers and colleagues. The company has set up ba standard and
norms which are followed by every employee and it is essential for smooth functioning of a firm.
The handy's culture model helps to influence the behaviour of individual as well as
organisation's. This model is propounded by Charles Handy's in 1932 at ireland(Gillam and

Cosford,2021). The 4 types of culture which are followed by an orgamnisation is explained
below:1. Power : It refers to a situation in an organisation where the powers are only in the hands
of superior. They are only involve in the decision making process and Further then they
delegate this duty to other employees. In the context vof tesco , the company also follows
the power culture to maintain the loyalty among employees. As the employees are
directed by their superior and they just have to perform their task as a result it provides
quality work.2. Task Culture : In an organisation a group is formed or teams are made specifically to
resolve the problems or particular task. The tesco company also follow this culture in
whixch they make a team to perform a specific task.3. Person Culture : It is a culture in which an individual is concerned about their own
instead of about the organisation. In this circumstances the organisation has to suffer. It
refers to a situation where the employees give more importamnce to themselves than the
firm. Therefore, the tesco company allows their employees to develop and grow
themselves.
4. Role Culture : In this culture the organisation delegate a task, roles and responsibility to
the employee according to their skills and knowledge. Thus, tesco company provides a
training to their employees so that their employee can do each and every work.
Influence of culture on individual and team behaviour performance are as follows:
The tesco company offers an opportunity to their employees to choose their own expertise to
work effectively. They also help their employees to develop the new skills in themselves with the
help of events, seminars and training sessions. The culture follows by tesco company enhance
the working of individual and also helps in promoting the team work which result in attaining the
goals of an organisation.(Erthal and Marques,2018)
Politics
It is a tool which is used to improve the individual and organisation's interest with the
help of activities including encouraging plan of action is known as organisation's politics. This is
used to enhance the performance of a company and an individual to accomplish orgamnisation's
goals. The organisational politics are divided in 4 parts, that is explained below:

 The Woods : It is used for the safeguard of the employees. This emphasis on the invisible
hypothesis instead of the obstacle. It is essential for the ideas and changes that can be
missing in the woods of a firm. The High Grounds : it is a composition of formal authority & organisation's structure.
To maintain the working of an organisation it uses the control system and the incentive
systems. The structure, procedures, guidelines and crules are included in this term. The Weeds : It involves the informal network and dynamic in nature. To manage the
weeds, we need to learn about the informal networks. If the weeds are in support of a
change then we can make a network of change.
 The Rocks : This refers to the stability of an organisation. The main aim is organisation's
stability for which the decision are taken by the authorised managers. It is an interaction
between the employees likes skilled people, title, availabilitry of resources and
role(Hale,Ricotta, Freed and et.al, 2019)
Power
To determine the behaviour of any other stakeholder in an organisation this organisation
power required. It refers to an ability which encourages the individual to perform a task. There
are six ways from which an employee can consider their power, explained below: Reward power: It includes bonuses, perks, promotion, work assignemnt and
compensation. The reward power helps the employee to get motivation and able to
perform task more effectively and efficiently. The tesco company gives bonus, perks and
other benefit to their employees. So they perform better work and can achieve a target. Coercive power: It includes the firing of an employee or suspend. If an employee conduct
any mistake, then the punishment is given to the employee as a result it posses a negative
impact on the employee. The tesco company also adopt this so that the employees remain
in desired way.
 Expert power: This considers the skills, learning and knopwledge an individual have
regarding the organisation, industry and functioning. The tesco company has employees
who have skill and knowledge regarding a particular task. In that organisation the skilled
employee are helpful in resolving the critical task.

Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
The motivation is directly related with the needs of an individual. It refers to act or move.
A process of encouraging and guiding an employee to perform a task in a desired way. It plays
an important role in a firm and non profit organisation. The tesco company motivte t5heir
employees to make them feel secured and valued at their workplace. There are two types of
motivation, explained below:
1. Intrinsic motivation: In this a person get motivation internally. A person is performing
some task because it feels good for themselves and it satisfy their own needs. The tesco's
work environment and organisation culture make a positive impact on their employees.
Due to which they are dedicated towards their work and effeciently achieveing their
targets(Subramanian, Seetharaman and Maddulety, 2020).
2. Extrinsic motivation: It is a kind of motivation an individual get from the external
rewards. It includes the benefits, perks and incentives which motivates the people to do
work. The tesco company furnishes the external elements to motivate their employees in
order to achieve their objective goals.
Theories of Motivation
There are two types of motivation theory: content theory and process theory. In 1940 and
1950 the theory was developed by Abraham Maslow.
 Content theory of motivation
The main emphasis of this theory is on the needs of an individual. This considers the things that
a person required or needed in their living style. It includes four models: maslow's hierarchy of
needs, aldfer's ERG theory, Herzberg’s Two Factors Theory and McClelland’s Theory of Needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
This theory states that all individual's have a needs and requirements. This involves the
level of needs which are required to motivate the employees.
 Physiological Needs : this are the basic needs which all human beingas required.
It includes food, shelter, clothes. The tesco company provides basic salary to their
employees through which they can fulfiull their basic needs.
 Safety Needs: when an individual's basic needs are fulfill, then the safety needs
are required to attain. This includes the safety of their job, house and security. The

tesco company provide the safe environment, job letter and insurance to their
employees which ensuresv that the employees are secured.
 Social Belonging: The people needs to maintain their realtions also such as
family relation, friendship and community. The tesco company provides the
priviulege leave to their employees so that they can spend their t9ime with family
and friends. Along with this company's positive work environment helps to sense
the belongingness of workers( Mardanov,2020).
 Self-esteem : Moreover, now they start focusing on themselves and self esteem.
This considers the needs of privilege, status and fame. The tesco company praise
and appreciate their employees in order to motivate them. To make them feel
confident, an organisation organise a reward and award ceremony.
 Self-actualization: In this level after achieveing all the needs, people wants to
satisfy themselves.they want to achieve the full potential and ability. The tesco
company organise a seminars and events for personal development and growth
and to satisfy the wants.
 Process theory of motivation
This theory focuses on the behaviour and psychological process of individual. This will
help to know about the individual's behavioural through their actions, respond and interaction. It
enhance the leadership and management theory. Skinner’s reinforcement theory, Vroom’s
Expectancy Theory, Adam’s Equity Theory, and Locke’s Goal Setting Theory are injcluded in
this theory of motivatiion(Anderson and Adams, 2019).
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
In this theory the person is get motivated from their expectaction about future. If the
person is expecting something for their future, for the sake of this an individual get motivatied to
do the work. This model includes the factors: valence, expectancy and instrumentality. This
factors are expalined below: Valence: It refers to the potential rewards which helps to motivate the person. The tesco
company provides the rewards to their employees which motivate them in desired way.
The company provides the monetary rewards and priortize the needs of an employees to
motivate them.

 Expectancy: It refers to the employees expectation. Such as over time pay, over work
pay, pay on off. The tesco company notices the individual's efdforts on the work which
help them to motiavte their employee individually(Dürr, 2019).
 Instrumentality: In this the person get motivated according to the terms and
copndituions. Such as if the employee will perform this task, then the reward will be
givrn to the person. The tesco always assures that the reward is provided to their
employees according to the performance.
Recommendations
 The Tesco company should give the rewards and bonuyses to their employees and make
them feel valued in order to motivate them. As a result thuis will help the company to
achieve their targets.
 The positive work environment affects the orgamnisation and employees to work
effeciently and effectively(Al-Malki and Juan, 2018).
TASK 2
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Team work involves the composition efforts of the group members to attain a common
objective. This helps to enhance the performance and effeciency of the persons who are engaging
in the organisation. The tesco company forms a different groups and teams to solve the critical
problems and to achieve the target. The mix combination of knowledge, skill and idea helps the
employees to achieve the desired objective of the organisation. This helsp the tseco company to
grow their business.
Difference between effective and ineffective team
BASIS EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
CONCEPT The effective team emphasis on the
points to be discussed where they are
disagree and through the creativity
and modify the ideas they reach on
the conclusion. In this the group
members are effectual. They are ready
to adapt the changes, listen learned.
The ineffective team includes
the people which are not aware
or serious regarding the task. In
this team the members are not
working effeciently and
disrespect each other. They
make the decision through

The people are diversified but putting
their efforts to achieve the common
goals.
voting instead of discusing the
topics.
CONFLICT
RESOLUTION
In the effective team the people are
working effectively and effeciently.
The members are skilled and
knowledgeable therefore they avoid
the conflicts. They always try to solve
the problem through discussion.
This team considers the
conflicts and disagreements
between the employees and
group members. Hence it
declines their performance. The
lack in the skills of problem
solving which result in the
reduction of growth and
development.
MEMBER
CONTRIBUTION
In this the members of the group are
contributing their efforts. To discuss
any point or topic to solve the
problems, employees are involved in
the discussion.
The members of this group
does not focus on the
organisational goals rather than
this, they emphasis on their
personal aims. This leads to
reduction in loyalty and trust
towards the oragnisation. The
people are not responsible, they
always perform their work in
ineffective manner.
Conflict or difficult situations to develop roles during team
The team includes the diversified people who work together as a team to achieve a
common goals. The various people have various ideas, thoughts, knowledge and skill which help
them to achieve their atrget effectively. But the different mindset and beleifs of people can cause
a conflict. The tesco company tries to tackle the complex situation with the help of expertise,
members and team leader for the smooth running of an organisation(Froese, Peltokorpi, Varma
and et.al, 2019). In the COVID-19 era, the company provide the opportunity of work from home

to their employees so they engage themselves in the organisation whgich laeds to the financial
stabolity also. So at that time the group members and the employees were coordinate effectively
and resolve their issues and put their efforts to achieve common goal. The advantages of being a
group member and leader is explained below: Conflict resolution: Due to the diversified working employees the conflicts can occur
between them and this can't be avoid or ignored. To resolve this the team leader should
try top maintain the peace environment snd control the copnflicts in order to make the
employee feel motivated. The tesco company has the skilled and knowledgable team
leaders who tackle the problems easily. Provides guidance: The team leaders instruct and provides the guidelines to their team
members so they can perform their task effectively. Their guidance makes the working of
team members easy. This is essentials for team leader and members also. Along with this,
it helps to enhance the productivity of their employees. The tesco company's leaders
provides guidance to their employees. Sense of security: The team leader help their group members in each and every situation
and share the knowledge which leads to the sense of security to their members. It also
increases the attachments and satisfaction towards an enterprises.
 Boost morale and confidence: The team members support each other which result in the
increase of their self esteem and helps to achieve their common goals. This helps to raise
the employees morale in tesco company(Stewart,Courtright and Manz, 2019) .
Critically analyse at least two group development theories to discuss the effectiveness of
teamwork in achieving the goals.
In business, to perform a team work and to lead the group is quite tricky. To achieve the
goals in team work there are two theories which helps to attain the objective effeciently and
effectively. The theories are – Tuckman's model and belbin theory.
TUCKMAN'S MODEL
This theory is developed by the psychologist- Bruce Tuckman. In 1965, the theory was
developed and stated that there are 5 vstages of group development. This stages cover's all
criteria from starting to end the project. The stages are explained below:
1. Forming: It is an initial stage of development. At this stage the team members meet with
each other and introduce themselves. They have high spirit at starting, good intentions

and discuss common things like members background, skills, project goals, time line.
This will help to develop the understanding between members. The tesco company is a
well implanted group. To understand the new market strategies and technologies they
formed a new group.
2. Storming: This is a phase where the egos and tampers started to form. The conflicts
arises because of competition to get the leader role and everyone tries to control the
group. The tesco company follows the democratic style of leadership in which the
employees voice is heard and they can participate in the discussions. This helps to
motivate the employees to become leaders.
3. Norming: This is a stage where the members are coming towards to work togethr and
achhieve common goals. The tesco company furnsihes a satisfaction to their customer.
To achieve the goals the management anmd employees work together.
4. Performing: At this stage the realtionship is developed among the members to attain a
common objective. The group members started to trust on each other and have proper
coordination between them. The tesco company is achieveiong success because they have
maintain a peace relation between managers and employees. They work in coordination.
5. Adjourning: this is the last stages of this theory. It states that after the task is completed
the groups dissolved in known as adjournment. The tesco company achievees their goal
then they break the team and form new team to paerform on other task(Bence, 2022).
BELBIN THEORY
This theory states the behaviour of an individual at different circumstances. There are
nine roles, explained below: Shaper – This role is used to challenge the team t0o improve the performance. Implementer – In this role the ideas of members are implemented in the project to
achieve the goals. Finisher- It assures that the project is completed within a time limit. Coordinator- Their role is to divide the work according to the effeciency. Team worker- The team members helps to complete the task and to atatin the goals of an
organisation. Resource investigator- The investigator role is to investigate o0r find the opportunities to
Grow the business.

 Plant – They are the highly creatiev persons and desire to approach the new ideas. Evaluator – The role is to evaluate or monbitor the performances and to control the
problems.
 Specialist – Brings new knowledge and helps the team to innovate new valuable
decisions.
Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour
Organizational behaviour predicts the working behaviour of individuals in organization.
Various fields such as: leadership, innovation, enhance working performance, job satisfaction
and many more. It is the reason of improved intersections among employees. Various
philosophies and concept of organizational behaviour are given below( Fulmore, Fulmore Sr and
Salazar, 2022)
Path goal theory
This theory is related to the efforts of a leader which are helpful in directing the correct
path of his team members. Leader is responsible for motivating, guiding and satisfying
employees to enhance their working performance. Leaders in Tesco uses a perfect path to
achieve organizational goals. Following steps are included under this theory:
1. Employee characteristics – A leader has the responsibility to know his team members
properly. They should keep focusing at the working behaviour of the employee so that
they could analyse their desires and needs then according motivate them.
2. Task and environmental characteristics – Leader has the responsibility to complete
each task by keep solving the problems. As the leaders are responsible to assign the task
to the employees, he should know how to overcome with the problems.
3. Leader behaviour or style – Well each individual have his own working style and as the
leader too. They also have different style to lead or motivate his team members. Tesco
uses various effective ways to motivate its employees according to their needs or
situation. Following are some of those leadership styles: Directive: In this styles leader made a structure of completing the task and employees
have to follow it. It includes the steps of task and how to do that particular task. Tesco
uses this leadership style for its newly joined employees as they need a direction about
what to do and how to do( Noltemeyer, James, Bush and et. al, 2021).

 Supportive: The leaders following this style are helping in nature. They use to care and
support employees in order to make them comfortable within the organization. This can
also be used to motivate the employees. Tesco have some of the supportive leaders who
are responsible for the achievement of organizational goals. Participative: The leaders of this style allows his team to be participative in decision-
making and other activities and discussions in organization. This will be the reason of
motivation in employees and give them a sense of ownership. Tesco use this style as a
way to motivate its employees. This will also be the reason to enhance confidence in
employees(Staples, Palermoand Rancourt, 2022).
 Achievement: Leaders in this leadership style focuses at quality of working performance
of employees. They assign specific task to each employee which is compulsory to done.
Tesco uses this style to analyse how its employees efforts to achieve organizational goals.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it could be concluded that organizational behaviour is the process
to analyse the working behaviour of employees and what is their interaction within organization.
It shows how the culture of organization, power and politics affects individual and the leader of a
team in organization. It also have content and process theories of motivation such as: Maslow's
and Vrooms and techniques of motivation such as: intrinsic and extrinsic which will help in
achieving organizational goals and will give an idea about how to motivate employees. It could
also be concluded that how effective and ineffective team leaders differ from each other and how
the leaders overcome with the problems or from unfavourable situation in organization. At last, it
also include the concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour in which path goal theory
is explained to show employee characteristics, leadership styles and others.

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