Organizational Behaviour Case Study

This assignment presents a collection of case studies examining key concepts in organizational behaviour. The cases explore diverse areas such as organizational citizenship behavior, the influence of leadership styles, the impact of novelty ecosystems on intrapreneurial behavior, and the role of inter-organizational knowledge sharing. Students are encouraged to analyze these real-world examples and apply theoretical frameworks like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Belbin's team roles theory to understand complex organizational dynamics.

ORGANISATION
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 How organisational culture, politics and power influence to individual team behaviour.....1
TASK 2 Evaluate how to motivate individuals
and teams to achieve a goal............................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique helps
company to achieve the objectives. ............................................................................................3
TASK 3 : Demonstrate an understanding of how
to cooperate effectively with others................................................................................................5
P3 Explains that what makes effective team as opposed to an ineffective team........................5
P4 Concepts and philosophies of
organisational behaviour within David and co Ltd....................................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is an important area of an organisation that needs to be
effectively managed by management of a company or business. It is important to study the
organisational behaviour in order to enhance the efficiency of the business organisation. This
report will identify and describe the impact of power, politics and organisational culture on team
behaviour within a company as well as the theories of motivation and techniques to enable
effective achievement of the organisations goals or objectives. Furthermore, the report also
includes a brief differentiation between an effective and ineffective team. The various concepts
and philosophies of organisational behaviour are applied within the David and Co limited in this
report.
TASK 1
P1 How organisational culture, politics and power influence to individual team behaviour
In respect to determines creative aspect, individual will be encourages towards the
business profits and increase effectiveness at workplace. With the help of profits and revenue,
power and decisions will be considered as the systematic review of activities. Along with this, A
David & Co Limited also increase their performance to attain aims and objectives. It impacts in
positive manner to make brand image and motivate people to attract several people. Moreover,
employee retention also getting high when the power implemented to express accomplishment of
work together. On the other hand, leaders of the enterprise not respect to their subordinates so
that it create negative impact on the performance. Therefore, it creates threat to motivate them
which also impact of job loss and punishment for performing hard work(Gkorezis and
Petridou,2017).
Further, political culture develops in the business that helps to increasing productivity
and business performance to identify needs of each person. In respect to implement policies,
chain of command productivity and quality of work will be increasing at workplace. Beside this,
workers are also encourages towards the unethical behaviours which impact negatively on the
quality of work performances. According to the Charles Handy, there are mainly 4 types of
culture develop at workplace. These helps to create categories and divide work in different
manner such as power, task, role and person culture. It also assists to identify that A David & Co
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Limited feel very comfortable to work in the business. With the help of this approach, following
elements included at workplace:
Power culture: This type of culture assists to create culture among top and middle level
of management. Hence, power and authorities both needed to take important decisions which
helps to create effective strategy in the enterprise. Decisions influence to different strategy of A
David & Co Limited to those who work at lower level management. Power: It is the effective strategy that increase attraction of the several people with
providing people proper power ad political mindset. It is the systematic activity that
increasing functioning to the business environment.
 Influence: This influence through individual and different numbers of people of the
lower level management workers.
In the selected business, collaboration of the team and different procedures implemented
that impact greatly in the organisational culture.
Role culture: Culture of the business is also considered as the category which
implemented functions and operations in the specifically manner. It is the systematic process that
helps to create standard and formalisation in A David & Co Limited. Power: In the selected business, position is the major element which categories different
source of power and helps to compare it with expert person(Wang,Waldman and
Zhang,2014).
 Influence: In A David & Co Limited, workers work with more power through gained it
with expert people.
In the business, human resource manager also responsible that helps to create policies and
procedures as well. Beside this, employees of the selected business can also maintain their
performance to perform systematic operations.
Task culture: It demonstrates culture that is related with job culture. Therefore, it will
influence to the power that implemented in the business. It associated with the aims and
objectives of A David & Co Limited to create structural program. Hence, it is concerned with
completing task in systematic manner to produce desire results. Power: In this type of culture, unifying power implemented that increases efficiency to
develop several functions and attain mission and vision as well.
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 Influence: It determines that it create impact on the competition increasing that helps to
increasing effective results at workplace.
TASK 2 Evaluate how to motivate individuals
and teams to achieve a goal
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique helps
company to achieve the objectives.
Theory of motivation is very much effective and productive in order to achieve the
overall objective of the company. Content and process theory of motivation helps employees to
provide support to the employees in order to achieve the organisation target. It also helps
employees in long-term manner (Majchrzak and et.al., 2014).
Content theory of motivational
This theory of motivation helps company to describe the common needs of employee.
Through which they understand the needs and wants of the employees in order to achieves their
satisfaction level. Content theory include the theory of Mazlow need hierarchy theory (Wang,
Waldman and Zhang).
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory of motivation
Every individual have some basis needs and wants which is very important to be fulfilled
in order to achieve satisfaction level of individual, leader needs to adopt this theory of motivation
to enhance the productivity level of employees, through which they give better performance in
the company. Maslow's defines that human need hierarchy model which explains five basic
needs of human psychological needs such as clothes, water, rest these are the some basic needs
of human being which is required to live life. David & Co must be full-fill these basic needs of
employees in order to maintain healthy environment in the company. It helps to make employees
happy and positive towards the company values. On the other side health and safety, belongings,
self actualisation, love affection and other needs. Organisation has to fulfilled all these needs of
employees. This increases the trust and faith of employees towards the company(Norton,Zacher
and Ashkanasy,2014).
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Need Hierarchy
Source: (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2017)
Herzberg Two factor theory
This is the next motivation theory of motivation. It is the two factor theory of hygiene
which is very necessary for the company to maintain in the working place. It has two factors
motivation as well as Hygiene factors. For motivate employees they need to adopt motivator
factors such as, job relation, job security, interpersonal relations. If all needs fulfilled by the
David & Co limited. Then it will enhance employee concentration and organisational interest.
Employee should get rewards and recognition on the basis of his work and performance in the
company (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2017).
Process Theory of motivation
Reinforcement theory: it is the another theory of motivation, higher authorities of the
company will take the action regarding punishment, extinction, rewards and appreciation.
Rewards can motivate employees towards new great performance else punishment provide
protection against uncertain situations. It has both effects positive and negative. Manager of the
David & C limited is responsible to ensure the that every employee perform his duty in well
manner. To keep employees motivated and happy manager should give them positive revert to
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enhance their performance level. On the other side provide reinforcement to those employees
whose working is not very much effective(Majchrzak and et.al., 2014).
Goal Setting Theory
It is the another theory of motivation which help company to set the organisations and
individual goals. Individual should full fill their organisational goals to achieve the target in
effective manner.
Overall motivation theory is very much effective and fruitful for the organisation goals.
It also helps employees to get motivated and enthusiastic towards the objectives.
TASK 3 : Demonstrate an understanding of how
to cooperate effectively with others
P3 Explains that what makes effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
With this regard, in A David & Co Limited, there are different teams frame that work to
accomplish desired aims and objectives. It is the systematic approach that maintain harmony in
the company. Following are certain teams will be take place:
Functional team: This kind of team in A David & Co Limited work done in systematic
manner. Therefore, task and activities will be divided among different people to ascertain better
results at workplace(Lee and Low,2016).
Problem solving team: Problem solving team create effective results to resolve different
issues and problems that are take place in the selected business. Along with this, line manager of
the selected department also come together to find potential solution.
Project team: Project team of A David & Co Limited develop their performance to make
sure that they are attained desired aims and objectives in systematic manner. Hence, several
people comes together and work on the same project.
Role of the virtual team
With this regard, several numbers of people frame group that can make proper contact
who belongs from different areas and work in different areas as well. Hence, they are able to
communicate together easily. In respect to work with information technology, team performance
will be enhancing to create outsource. It also designs to make proper communication with
creating different benefits as well. Hence, extra cost will be diminish so that information
technology will be increasing in systematic manner to attain targets and goals.
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Team dynamic and work
Team dynamic and work determines in the several aspects that are explains in the
following manner:
 Group: Group has been created from two or more than two persons. In order to
accomplish the task, they are performing very well manner and accomplish their
activities in systematic manner(Pradhan,Kumari and Kumar,2017).
 Team: On the other hand, group of the people also linked together to attain desired
results and goals in systematic manner. Hence, objectives and goals will be done in
systematic way.
 Differences: In the business, there are several decisions take place that are take place in a
team. This is because, in the particular group it creates attention towards the aims and
objectives.
Tuckman's model for the development of team
With the help of the above model, systematic way comprises in which several numbers of
candidates works together to handle issues and problems(Mahembe,Engelbrecht and
Kandekande,2015).With this regard, stages has been framed that assists to develop work and
accomplish desired results as well. These stages are as follows:
 Forming: In this step, task will be determines and allotted to attain effective results at
workplace. It helps to A David & Co Limited to create communication in proper manner
at workplace.
 Storming: With this regard, ideas also suggested that helps to accomplish desired results
at workplace. In this stage, individual are getting chance to learn many things in
systematic manner.
 Norming: With the help of the norming stage, group of the members learn in systematic
way. They are also able to create harmonious to attain results as well. This will help to
adapt systematic working in a team.
 Performing: In this phase, high motivational level will be identify and implemented that
helps to perform different functions and operations in particular teams. Further, it also
assists to increase confidence level that enhancing development of A David & Co
Limited(Ren and et.al,2015).
Belbin theory and typology
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In respect to implement this theory, the selected business require management of their
advantages and disadvantage which could be considered as the individual roles. With the help of
this method, team leaders and developer will be create effective functioning at workplace.
Therefore, it assists to encourage people in systematic work. With the help of the theory,
different kinds of roles will be suggested that helps to accomplish desired results.
Implementer: It is the important person who takes plans with strategy and carry it to
create high efficiency. In A David & Co Limited, these kinds of people have strength practical,
reliable, efficient, etc. It turns ideas into the several actions which helps to organise work in
systematic manner.
Coordinator: These people need to make focus on the teams to accomplish their
objectives. Main strength is that they are delegate task appropriately to clarifies goals.
Resource investigator: They are using inquisitive nature to identify ideas to bring back
to the whole team.
Shaper: This kind of perform provides necessary drive that ensure the whole team to
keep and move and focus on the momentum. There are mainly different strength exist such as
challenging, dynamic, thrives on the pressure. In A David & Co Limited, they are prone to the
provocation to increase effectiveness at workplace(Chmiel,Fraccaroli and Sverke,2017).
Plant: They are tends to create effective results and solve problems in unconventional
ways.
Team worker: They are committed to create helps to the team to get and identify work
that is needed to complete it on time.
Completer finisher: This kind of person most effective to use the end task that scrutinise
the work and errors in systematic way. They are always trying to maintain standard of the
business.
Monitor evaluator: They provide logical thinking and eye to the aims and objectives of
the company. They weigh up the team options in the systematic work performance.
Specialist: Specialist people possess quality of getting in-depth knowledge which create
key areas to the whole team. Main strength of them is single minded, self-starting and dedicated,
etc.
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P4 Concepts and philosophies of
organisational behaviour within David and co Ltd.
Organisational behaviour is based on various key concepts which are related to the nature
of organisation and the people working within. The various key concepts of organisational
behaviour are as described below -
 Individual differences – Each and every person is different from that of the other. Each
individual has different values, beliefs and perception. It is scientific that each person has
some differences from the day of birth. Each person is unique, creative and think
differently. The employees working within David and co company have various and
different skills and knowledge(Kibirango,Kibirango and Obbo,2017).
 Perception – The employees working in the David and co have different perceptions to
see an object. Two employees may perceive an object or work differently and this can be
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Illustration 2: Belbin theory model
Source: (Belbin theory, 2017)

due to their experiences. An employee interprets and organise what he or she sees with
regards to the lifetime experience and values.
 Motivated behaviour – Each and every employee have certain needs and desires that he
or she needs to fulfil. According to the needs the employees perform their task and
business activities within the organisation.
 Value of the person – The employees assume and want to be treated separately from
another element of the organisation such as capital, land etc. The employees needs to be
created with respect, dignity within the company. The employees are more concerned
with self respect at the workplace.
 Holistic concept – when the key concepts of organisational behaviour are placed together
a holistic concept appears. This concept interprets organisation and people relationships
with regards to the whole person, whole organisation, whole group and entire social
system(Gkorezis and Petridou,2017).
 Desire for involvement – Each and every employee is effectively opportunities for
working in order to involve and contribute to the decision making function of an
organisation. The David and Co. must focus on providing equal chances and
opportunities to the employees for sharing their ideas, skills and knowledge in the
decision making process on the organisation.
Organisational situation
The David and co can apply the various concepts of organisation behaviour in different situations
appears within the working environment of the company. The situation such as communication
barrier. The communication is a most important part of any business or organisation, it is process
of sharing the views, ideas and knowledge from one person to another for a specific solution or
feedback. Due to certain reasons there can be communication barrier among the employees of
the organisation. The reason can be ego, attitude or designation power of some employees. The
top level management in the David and co does not focus on the employees at the lower level.
The communication or interaction among the different levels within the organisation. This
communication gap leads to lack in coordination in the functionality of the David and co and has
a negative impact on the performance of the whole organisation(Secchi and Neumann,2016). The
company can use the concepts of organisational behaviour such as Desire of involvement or
value of the person. The employees need to be treated equally, there should not be any
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discrimination related to the designation or post. The communicative process should be effective
and involve every employee so that they may be aware of the informations related to the business
or organisation. The communication gap should be avoided in order develop an effective
workforce wand increase the efficiency of the organisation. This can help the company to
increase the productivity as well as profitability of the business.
CONCLUSION
The report concluded that organisational behaviour is very important to be studied and
analysed to develop an efficient working culture leading to the achievement of business goals
and objectives. The report identifies various teams within David and co limited and determines
the importance of teams within the organisation. The report describes the various theories such
as Tuckman and Jensen's theory and leadership styles for team development and motivation.
Furthermore, the report also includes the barriers in the effective performance of the David and
co company.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Secchi, D. and Neumann, M., 2016. Agent-Based Simulation of Organizational Behavior (pp.
329-344). Open Innovation Networks and the Role of Intermediaries: An Agent-Based
Simulation (chapter).
Chmiel, N., Fraccaroli, F. and Sverke, M. eds., 2017. An Introduction to Work and
Organizational Psychology: An International Perspective. John Wiley & Sons.
Mahembe, B., Engelbrecht, A.S. and Kandekande, L.R., 2015. A study to confirm the reliability
and construct validity of an organisational citizenship behaviour measure on a South
African sample. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 41(1). pp.1-8.
Kibirango, M.M., Kibirango, M.M. and Obbo, J.K., 2017. Mediation effect of novelty
ecosystems on intrapreneurial behaviour process within an organisational dynamic
environment among Kenyan universities: A complexity approach. Journal of
Organizational Change Management. 30(6). pp.957-977.
Gkorezis, P. and Petridou, E., 2017. Corporate social responsibility and pro-environmental
behaviour: organisational identification as a mediator. European Journal of International
Management. 11(1). pp.1-18.
Ren, S.J., Hu, C., Ngai, E.W.T. and Zhou, M., 2015. An empirical analysis of inter-
organisational value co-creation in a supply chain: a process perspective. Production
Planning & Control. 26(12). pp.969-980.
Pradhan, R.K., Kumari, I.G. and Kumar, U., 2017. Human resource flexibility and organisational
effectiveness: mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour. International
Journal of Human Resources Development and Management. 17(3-4). pp.282-300.
Norton, T.A., Zacher, H. and Ashkanasy, N.M., 2014. Organisational sustainability policies and
employee green behaviour: The mediating role of work climate perceptions. Journal of
Environmental Psychology. 38. pp.49-54.
Lee, K.L. and Low, G.T., 2016. Leadership Styles and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour:
Role Ambiguity as a Mediating Construct. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences &
Humanities. 24(4).
Majchrzak, A. and et.al., 2014. Computer-mediated inter-organizational knowledge-sharing:
Insights from a virtual team innovating using a collaborative tool.
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Wang, D., Waldman, D. A. and Zhang, Z., 2014. A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team
effectiveness.
Online references
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2017. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>. [Accessed on ].
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