Organisation behaviour Assignment - WAITROSE

Organisation
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how organisation culture, politics and power can influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique, enable effective
achievement of goals...................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 What make an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team..........................................7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Apply concept and philosophies of OB within organisational context and a given business
situation......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the academic study of the way people act within group. As
well principle of same are applied primarily in attempting to make business more effectively. In
simple term, OB is the activity that is conducted by manager of company for studying behaviour
of individual as well as their way of interacting with others (Ashenden and Sasse, 2013).
Objective of respective technique is to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of business. This
report is based on WAITROSE it is a chain of British Supermarkets founded in 1904 by Wallace
Waite, Arthur Rose and David Taylor. Several topics will discuss in the report such as influence
of politics, culture and power of company on individual, team and organisation. Along with this,
content as well as process theory will be discussed and how they help in achieving goals
effectively. Moreover, techniques will be described that use for making an team effective and
also concept as well philosophies of Organisation Behaviours.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how organisation culture, politics and power can influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Organisational behaviour is defined as constant examination of behaviour of human attitude
and performance within organisation. Major objectives of organisational behaviour
are to have formative approach which assists performance level of employees
(CHEN and et.al., 2013). It comprises of various factors like power, politics and
culture which can have direct and indirect impact on performance of team and
individuals. WAITROSE has executed Handy culture in their organisation to
reduce impact of these factors. These factors are elaborated below:
Organisational culture: It comprises different assumptions, values and beliefs, attitudes,
religion, language etc. which assist to identify behaviour of individual. Every organisation has
their own working system, vision and norms which they follow to carry out operations.
Organisational culture has strong impact on individuals and way in which interaction takes place
in between team and shareholders of organisation (Elsmore, 2017). WAITROSE has opted for
Handy culture, it comprises of four components which are described below:
Power Culture: Power is possessed by only few persons within organisation, they
include CEO, top manager and board of directors. They are responsible authorities who

formulate policies, rules and regulations (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb, 2014). Power
within WAITROSE is with superiors only. Those rules acts as guidelines for employees and they
work accordingly. Performance of employees is judged on basis of their roles and responsibilities
and how effectively they have carried out them. This culture has positive impact on
WAITROSE, motivation is given by managers in form appreciation and rewards to employees
who deserve it. For example: If firm use the power culture then their employees feel authorised
as well as make effective decisions so that organisational goals can be attained effectively.
Task culture: Focus of organisation in this culture is to accomplish their specific target
within stipulated time duration. It is horizontal in nature and is very flexible. Management of
WAITROSE has executed this culture in their structure so that they can attain their goals within
required time. Teams are formulated on basis of requirement of project by which objectives can
be achieved effectively (Coccia and Cadario, 2014). This aids management of WAITROSE to
have effectual flow of communication in working structure and inspire employees to work in
collaboration with each other. For example: If company utilise the task culture then its assists the
manager of the particular organisation to formulate the teams according to the projects
requirements so that objectives can be accomplished.
Person Culture: In this culture power is with each individual as they are expertise in
same background. In this each person treats themselves as superiors. Example can be taken like
advocates, lawyers, pilots, etc. For example: In Waitrose, if this types of culture adopt to ensure
that whole workers are equal as per their job position in order to gain regularity into work or
performance.
Role Culture: Focus of organisation is on achievement of rules and procedures. Power
depends on position of individual. This culture consists of hierarchical bureaucracy. Authorities
which are possessed by any employees are in formal structure and clearly defined (Coccia,
2014). For example: Waitrose can use this kinds of culture as this aids their manger to allot roles
and responsibilities as per the performance and also the knowledge and skills of the team and
individuals.
Management of WAITROSE has opted for this typology so that they can carry out their
functionalities in appropriate manner. This will assist them to acquire their objectives within time
and this will also aid top management to allocate tasks to individual on basis of capabilities
possessed by them so that they can have competitive edge.

Impact of culture: There are different kinds of culture which prevails within
organisation, they include beliefs, values, behaviour and reward system. They either create direct
or indirect impact on working of organisation and its performance (both employees and
organisation). Therefore, it is necessary for management of WAITROSE to formulate strategies
by which secure and healthy work environment can be provided to employees and also ensures
that each employee is treated equally (De Vasconcelos, Gouveia and Kimble, 2016). This will
create help them to create affirmative environment which will create relevant impact on
productivity of employees. Some positive and negative effects with respect to organisational
culture are mentioned below:
Positive Impact: Overall performance of organisation can be maximised when
employees are treated equally. Management of WAITROSE inspire their employees by using
this culture so that they can do their tasks in better way. By this organisation will be able to
enhance their productivity and profitability in effectual manner and accomplish them in
mentioned time frame.
Negative Impact: Performance level of employees will be decreased if weak culture is
adopted by organisation. Furthermore, if organisation is involved in any kind of discrimination
among employees then it will create sense of job insecurity which will adversely hamper overall
performance of employees and organisation. Thus, it is mandatory that management of
WAITROSE must chose culture which can have positive impact on them rather than culture
which can lead to decline.
Impact of Politics: Politics within organisation creates negative impact which leads to
unhealthy environment. It occurs when individual is involved in manipulative activities to
enhance their power within organisation. It is unethical way to achieve something; it can be
either productivity or power (Harper, Randall and Rouncefield, 2012). Like within a team
number of people work together to attain common goal but by involving in politics someone else
credit of other person. This will create negative impact and lead to bad working environment. It
is responsibility of management of WAITROSE to make sure that politics do not occur within
their working structure. It also hampers the overall performance of organisation and number of
obstacles comes in their way. This will adversely affect growth, productivity and profitability of
organisation. For this WAITROSE manager needs to create policies and strategies so that such
conditions do not occur. Positive and negative impact of politics is illustrated below:

Power impact: Individual can have different vantages by involving in politics. Individual
can complete their tasks with stipulated time duration. Let’s consider an example idea of another
person can be used to complete task in mentioned time frame. This will have negative impact on
person but other one can get appreciation from management for accomplishment of task (Hashim
and Wok, 2014).
Negative impact: Unhealthy and bad working environment is created within internal
working structure of organisation. Let’s again take an example mentioned above, idea of person
was stolen by other, now person will not be able to attain the set target within time frame. This
will have negative impact on their performance and in future they will hardly share their idea
with others. Overall productivity of organisation will be hampered by this and will lead to
unhealthy competition among employees either within a team or on a whole organisation which
will have impact on brand image.
Power in organisation: It is an authority which is possessed by authorized person within
organisation and creates influence on minds of people by which they will be able to attain their
objectives in effective way. There are different kinds of powers which exists within organisation,
they are:
Reward power: In this, managers possess power to give rewards to employees on basis of
tasks they have accomplished and their efforts which they have given to achieve organisational
goals. They comprises of bonus, promotion, increment in salary and many others. These rewards
are completely dependent on performance of employees.
Coercive power: Mangers of WAITROSE possess power to punish employees on basis of
their activities within organisation. These activities include disrespectful behaviour towards
other, cause of politics, misunderstandings and many others. Manager can demote suspend and
dismiss these kinds of employees as they are responsible for creating unhealthy environment
within organisation (Hyde, Harris and Boaden, 2013).
Positive impact: Motivation level of employees will be maximised as best one will be
given rewards and one who is involved in destroying positive environment of organisation will
be punished. This will have significant increase in productivity and profitability of organisation.
Negative impact: Negative power within organisation lead to decline in performance of
employees and their loyalty. It will also decrease their motivation level (Kazemipour and Mohd
Amin, 2012).

M1. Critically analyses the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual individual and team behaviour and performance
Culture, power and politics of the organisation influence individuals and team
performance in positive as well as negative way. Positive culture of the company provides a
sense of acknowledgements, guides the behaviours of the team and individuals in specific
situations, permit firm to build competitive advantage so that performance of the team and
workers can be maximised and achieve goals. Negative culture minimised both team and
employees performance as they do not feel comfortable to perform. In case organisational power
are utilise effectually the staff feel authorised and take decision so that groups and individual can
be work with success. Positive politics decrease disputes between team workers so that all work
with full potential. It also, effects in negative manner as it develops misunderstanding that leads
towards demotivation and minimises its performance.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational technique, enable effective
achievement of goals.
Motivation is the procedure through which employees get encourage and it contribute in
accomplishing goal as well as objectives in appropriate manner. Moreover, motivation is
considered as key element for staff members retention and also to maximise the profit. Thus,
strong positive motivation enhance the output of personnels whereas, no motivation result in
reducing performance level and dissatisfaction (Muchiri, Cooksey and Walumbwa, 2012). There
are several motivation stimulator such as promotion, good reward, incentive, recognition of
achievement, good working condition and so on. There are mainly two type of motivation which
can be Use by WAITROSE in their working explanation are as follows :- Extrinsic Motivation – In this kind of motivation, motives directly originate from outside
the human body. Within, extrinsic motivation individual get rewards as per the promise
for particular action perform. Motivation is gained in the form of money, praise,
competition, threat of punishment and so on.
 Intrinsic Motivation - It is type of motivation, in which act of being motivated through
internal factors for performing specific actions as well as behaviour is known as Intrinsic

Motivation. Intrinsic motivation involve all biological drivers like sleep, thirst, relief,
pain, need of oxygen and so on.
Apart from the type of motivation there are some theories also which will assist manager
of WAITROSE in motivation their employees. These are divided into two parts i.e., content and
process explanation are as follows :-
Content Theory – It is the theory which mainly focus on internal factors of the company
this is the main reason behind its reference to need theory. Maslow hierarchy need theory stand
for that an individual does not feel higher need until their requirement get fulfilled or satisfied. It
is five tier model of human needs which involve physiological, safety, love and belonging,
esteem and self-actualization. Explanation of these are as follows :- Physiological needs - This need are the basic requirement of individual life which
involve food, water, sleep, clothing, shelter and so on. Thus, for fulfilling all these
WAITROSE have to provide fair salary to their staff members for fulfilling their basic
requirements (Robbins and et. al., 2013). Safety needs – It involve such items which are required by person to feel safe from any
physical as well as economic harm. After fulfilling basic requirement of human being
they turns towards the safety and security for preventing their lives from the threat of
any physical and emotional harm. It includes job security, medical insurance,
prevention from harassment, financial reserves and so on. Social needs - After getting satisfied from safety needs individual moves towards the
social needs which is required for being a part of any group. Social needs is related to
the interaction of people with need for friends, belongings, feeling of acceptance and so
on. Esteem needs - Once a person feels a sense of belongings they move to esteem needs
such as self respect, social status, recognition, reputation, attention, achievement and
many more. All these are required for enhancing the satisfaction level as well as morale
of staff members.
 Self actualisation needs - This need is the final stage of respective model, self
actualisation needs are the desires an specific person has for their self fulfilment as well
as developing to their full potential. Manager of WAITROSE have to give challenges
as well as opportunities to personnels for reaching their full potential. Self actualised

person have some needs like trust, wisdom, justice in order to put their full contribution
for achieving organisational goals and objectives (Thomson and Van Niekerk, 2012).
Process Theory – it is the psychological and behaviour processes which motivate
individual to act in a specific way refer to as process theories of motivation. Efforts of individual,
motivation as well as performance are interlinked with each other. For encouraging staff
member's Vroom motivation theory is suitable and it say that there is positive correction within
performance and efforts. Explanation are as follows :-
 Expectancy: It is related to the employees expectation from their own efforts as well as
the relation to good performance. Staff members believes that more effort helps in
getting better results or success that motivate them to do work in more effective manner
for increasing organisational growth (Wang and Ritchie, 2012). For this, WAITROSE
also determine its personnel's skill as well as capability so that enough training and
development session can be provided to them for enhancing the level of confidence in
order to accomplish pre-determined goals and objectives of company in effective
manner.
 Instrumentality: In the instrumentality step staff members of WAITROSE think that their
better performance help them in gaining best rewards which motivate them in
performing effectively and result in increasing productivity of business. In this situation,
for feeling motivated as well as confident, worker should have to trust or believe on the
organisation. Moreover, WAITROSE have to offer several rewards to their personnel
when their performance as meeting standard level and more than it such as increasing
pay, bonus, promotion and so on. Thus, manager must be loyal or trust worthy and
define the goal clearly to employee for decreasing confusions and conflict in the
business.
 Valence: It is the final outcome when staff member desires for more performance
appraisal from other employers such as extra pay, a day off, bonus, holiday packages and
so on. So that, organisation should be good in evaluating as well as determining their
values or need for gaining higher profit and higher level of efficiency that adds value to
the business.

M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of other through an effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
As per the Wang and Ritchie, workers who inadequate in motivation at work area has
risk factor that are raising daily in business operations. In order to meet the expected outputs firm
has to concentrate upon the employees requirements and demands. Through utilising Maslow
hierarchy need theory as well as Vroom motivation theory the firm WAITROSE can accomplish
the expected outcomes level and achieve more profit. Both theories assists in accessing the base
for customers requirements and facilitate consequently. While applying these theories few
problems arises within WAITROSE. Maslow states that individuals do get encouraged through
high level objectives like self-actualization as its lower need are not fulfilled. On the another side
Vroom theory for accessing requirements in appropriate way will aids them to abstract self
performance as well as level of motivation to maximise viability.
TASK 3
P3 What make an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team.
In organisational, employees are most precious assets because their performance will
result in success or failure of business. Thus, it is essential for WAITROSE to understand needs
of their staff members so they will result in achieving goals and objectives (Weng and et. al.,
2015). Along with this, company have to investing on the training and development process for
enhancing skill and knowledge of their staff members. Apart from this, for doing things in
effective manner it is necessary for WAITROSE to focus on team building but in effective
manner. There are several type of team in the organisation which assist in accomplishing pre-
determined goals and objectives of business (Types of Teams, 2019). Explanation are as
follows :- Functional team – These team are permanent and have members of same department but
they all have different responsibilities (Qian, Cao and Takeuchi, 2013). In functional
team manager of WAITROSE is responsible for each and every activity within business.
Thus, every group member is answerable to manager for their activities. Moreover, duty
of manager in respective group is to see that work is performing in proper manner with
coordination and task are achieving.

 Problem solving team – This team is conducted as per the requirement because business
environment is dynamic in nature (Lin, 2013). Because of that several modification take
place which sometimes result in problem for WAITROSE. Thus, in this situation problem
solving team will build and they find out solution of the issue.
 Project team – These are the group of staff member's who work collectively towards
shared goals. Project team allow to structure task in a measurable, specific and time
constrained way (Le Roy and Fernandez,2015). In this, clear responsibilities, role and
deadlines are assigned to each and every member.
 Virtual team- It consist of members from several locations and work within virtual team
is done with the assistance of various communication methods such as phone calls, video
calls, e-mails, text messages and so on (Pangil and Moi Chan, 2014). Such teams are
formed in WAITROSE when the organisation wants to do deep examination of the
market conditions of different areas. Along with this, through virtual team effective plan
for future will be designed (Wood and et. al., 2012).
Apart from the above discussion company have both effective and ineffective team they
are different from each other. Explanation are as follows :-
BASIS EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
Goals
The goals within effective
teams are clear to each and
every members as well as
easily achievable. Because
every task is planned in proper
manner.
Whereas, within ineffective
team it is not easy to achieve
organisation goals and
objectives. Because there is no
proper management as well as
planning of task assigned to
them.
Communication
In effective team
communication always take
place in two-way, open as well
as accurate. This result in
proper transfer of information
Ineffective team always have
one way communication as
well as idea or thoughts of
other team members are not
considered. Although, team

and easy flow of work (Xerri
and Brunetto, 2013).
members have to follow the
given order their opinions will
not be considered.
Decision-making
Every individual have right to
get involve in decision making
process as well as they can
share their idea and thought.
Decisions are taken by the
higher authority and no team
member are involved in
decision making process.
Member contribution
Each and Every member
within effective team can take
participation in the activities.
Members of Ineffective teams
are generally inactive.
Thus, WAITROSE should have to try make their team effective so that organisation can
decide future course of actions in accurate manner. Along with this, effective team result in
accomplishing goals and objectives of business, increasing market share. On the other hand,
ineffective team result in increasing conflicts, misunderstanding and so on (Ashenden and Sasse,
2013).
Tuckman model of team – This model of team building is developed by Bruce
Tuckman in 1965. As per the Tuckman model the groups are designed with the specific objective
(Types of Team, 2019). Thus, respective model will assist WAITROSE in monitoring,
coordinating as well as managing every task of the team in a appropriate way. This model has
four stages explanation of these are as follows :-
 Forming - This is the first stage of team building model in this group memebers are
assembled as well as task are assigned to them. In this situation, every person have to
behave independently and they don't know each other. Thus, each and every members
will introduced with each other by sharing their basic information to each other which
will be enough for building friendly environment (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and
Dibb, 2014). It is necessary while working on particular project in WAITROSE.
 Storming - In the second stage of team building each and every members see themselves
as a group members. Thus, it is the duty of manager of WAITROSE to make sure that

there is proper understanding within the team members. So, they will help each other as
well as give suggestions for accomplishing project in effectual manner.
 Norming - In the norming stage, group members become more prompt for their
performance. Although, people working in team should not focus of individual goals and
have to work with togetherness. Moreover, each and every members should be involved
in decision making as well as problem solving so that effectual results can be gained. In
this, duty of leader is to make sure that members are working collaboratively as to
accomplish pre-determined goals and objectives in the estimated time frame.
 Performing - This stage focuses on accomplishing goals while working in a group. The
team members works with group effectively and continue to monitor progress so that
fruitfulness of group can be kept up. Moreover, a team function excellently as well as
capable for decision making independently without having discussion with team leader
(Coccia and Cadario, 2014).
 Adjourning – In the last stage of team building theory group members are moving into
several directions after completing their project. Herein, mangers make sure that team
form was perspective in nature as well as well being in completion of project within
specify time period.
Thus, Tuck man's theory help human resource mangers of WAITROSE in framing an
effective team. so that, projects as well as targets can be gained in proper manner. Moreover, it
will assist them to maintain their productivity and profitability within competitive business
environment.
M3 analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic co operation
As there are many practices and theories which assists in team developments as well as
groups that aids in accomplishing the organisational and team objectives into the changing
situations. In WAITROSE company various situations occurs where contribution of people is
very much essential to leads into the market.

TASK 4
P4 Apply concept and philosophies of OB within organisational context and a given business
situation.
In an business, organisational behaviour generally investigate its impact within the
workplace in performance of individual as well as group. Along with this, concept of
organisation behaviour is based on nature of people and organisation. It is important to have
positive environment within organisation because it result in employees satisfaction as well as
retention. Furthermore, in relation of this WAITROSE manager can adopt Path goal theory for
easy management and accomplishing goals and objective of business (Coccia, 2014).
Path-goal theory of leadership – It is a theory based on specifying leadership style or
behaviour which best fit for the staff members as well as working environment for
accomplishing goals and objectives. Moreover, path-goal theory assist in satisfaction,
empowerment and motivation so that staff members become more productive within company.
Herein, mangers of WAITROSE company are having multiple leadership style in performing
their task as well as day to day activities. It will result in encouraging staff members to be
motivated and bring efficiency in achievement of pre-determined goals and objectives (Chemers,
2014). Moreover, respective theory evidence the different styles which assist leaders to face
issues with regards to leadership, procured in various situations: Directive Leadership: In this type of leadership style directions are given by leaders to
employees what they have to done as well as give required guideline along with it. Along
with this, schedule are also given for particular task in which work has to be done
(Giltinane, 2013). Such type of leadership style will be use by WAITROSE when task are
unstructured as well as complex and staff members are inexperienced. Supportive Leadership: Supportive leader consider needs or requirement of employees
as well as show concern for their welfare and create friendly working environment
(Renko and et.al., 2015). Implementation of supportive leadership style in WAITROSE
result in increasing self-esteem of employees as well as make their job more interesting.
Respective approach is more suitable when work is more stressful, full of risk as well as
boring.
Achievement-oriented leadership: In this leadership approach, leader to sets out
challenging targets for their employees in order to enhancing capabilities of group members or

to asses the present or ability. Moreover, Achievement-oriented approach motivates personnels
in achieving the stated challenged goals or target and help them in enhancing capabilities (De
Vasconcelos, Gouveia and Kimble, 2016). Although, such approaches is beneficial for both
WAITROSE and staff members in achieving their goals and objectives in an effective way
respectively.
Participative Leadership: In participative style leaders are trying to get involved within
the team along with other members. So that, productive of WAITROSE will be increase and
company will generate more revenue. It will also help staff members in sharing their views and
thoughts which is necessary for bringing something innovative in the market area. Thus, it one of
the most suitable as well as effective way for developing positive organisational behaviour
within the organisation (Harper, Randall and Rouncefield, 2012).
Philosophies of organisational behaviour- There are several philosophies of
organisational behaviour few of them are explained below :-
 Collegial- This philosophy says that work in the organisation have to be classified
equally within all the staff members in the company. Thus, by implementing Collegial
philosophies personnels will feel motivated as well as self disciplined because of the
authorities given to them because they have some responsibilities which must be
performed by them (Hashim and Wok, 2014).
 Custodial: This philosophy state that before assigning task to employees training should
be given to them so they can perform task in effective manner. The leader of
WAITROSE should provide some monetary advantages to the staff members so that,
they will get motivated and issue related to employees turnover will be reduced.
M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they inform and influence
behaviour in both positive and negative way
There are different kinds of philosophies as well as concepts like path goal theory,
leadership style and also the diving the roles an duties in appropriate manner so that it can meet
the expected objectives. In context of WAITROSE they apply various styles of leadership which
effects in both manner negatively and positively. Also many times path goal theory provides
contradictory assumptions which are not relevant in all situations.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that, success of an organisation is
depended on the organisational behaviour. In relation to this, human resources play an crucial
role in increasing efficiency as well as effectiveness of business. Although, there are several
factors that have direct impact on performance of team, individuals and organisation. Moreover,
it involve culture, power and politics of company where certain members has given opportunity
to rule on other peoples. Therefore, to come out from such problems, companies have to focus
more on developing diversity as well as equality within their working areas. In relation to this,
they have to adopt motivational and leadership theories for enhancing collaboration within staff
members. Such practices result in building effective team and also gain support from every
member in accomplishing business objectives.

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