Organisational Theory and Practice

This document discusses the organisational theories and practices in the context of TESCO plc. It covers topics such as management style, organisational structure, leadership style, power and influence, and motivation.

Organisational Theory
and Practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Examine the management style, state the principle and functions of management used by the
CEO of TESCO...........................................................................................................................1
Analyse the steps taken by the CEO the change in organisation structure in order to achieve
high performance and state the change in organisation culture brought about the CEO of
TESCO and its impact on the employees....................................................................................3
Describe the leadership style of the CEO of TESCO to enhance the organisational
effectiveness................................................................................................................................4
Analysis of the effects of power, influence and conflict at the TESCO....................................5
Various types of motivation used at TESCO..............................................................................6
Appropriate corporate examples and literature to justify the stand............................................7
Suggestions and recommendations that increase the organisational performance.....................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The term “Organisational Theories” is said to be a combination of interrelated concept of
the organisation 's behaviour of a business company. Organisational theories are generally
defines the behaviours of individual employee or group of individual employees working in the
organisation who can interact with each other to perform their roles and duties that are directed
to them to accomplish the common goals.(Hatch, 2018) In others words the organisational
theories and practices refers to the studies and the practices of the social relationships of the
employees towards their organisation. It also determine and analyse the external and internal
business environment factors such legal, political, social, economical and cultural. As the
organisational structure of any business organisation plays a important role in having success of
the organisation.(Banks, 2018) And for this the organisational theories and practices helps in
determining a specific structure for an organisation that is efficient to deal with a particular
problem. The report below is based on the organisational theories and practices of TESCO plc,
which is a British multinational retailer company deals that deals in merchandised products and
groceries. The organisation is one of the largest retailer in the global markets. The report below
includes the management style, principle and functions which is used by the CEO of the retail
firm, the analysis of the steps taken by the CEO change in organisation structure in order to
achieve high performance and change in the organisational culture brought about the CEO and
impact on the employees, leadership style of CEO that enhance the organisational effectiveness,
various types of motivation used by TESCO, analysis of effect of power, influence and conflict
of the organisation, appropriate corporate example and literature of the organisation, suggestions
and recommendations that increase the organisational performance along with its conclusion.
MAIN BODY
Examine the management style, state the principle and functions of management used by
the CEO of TESCO.
Management of any organisation includes the the planning, organising the work efforts in
order to achieve the goals and objectives of the organisation. And management styles refers to a
specific way through which the management of the organisation accomplishes its objectives and
goals effectively and efficiently. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019)As management styles
includes the way of making decisions, how the planning and organising of the work is done, and
1

how effectively the management exercise its duties and the authority in the organisation. The
different management styles varies by organisation, the level of the management and individual
to individual. It is the role of a good manager to use the suitable management style according to
different situations. The some of the management styles used by different organisations are as
follows: Autocratic style : In autocratic style of management, the management systems follows
top down approach in the organisation. It is referred as the most controlling management
style in the organisation. Authoritative style : In authoritative leadership styles the managers of the organisation
direct exactly what the organisation require to accomplish the objectives and the goals to
their subordinates.
 Persuasive management style : The persuasive management style, the managers of the
organisations uses their persuasive skills to convince employees that the decisions that
are taken are proved to be good for the organisation.
There are certain management principles that are used by the organisations to have the efficiency
and effectiveness in the organisation. Some management principles are as follows:
 The principle of division of work in which the work is divided in the subordinates in the
management according to the specialisation of work.
 The principle of authority and responsibility in which the management ensures that the
work is done effectively and efficiently with the optimum use of present resources.
 The principle of discipline in which the management 's work should be done on time with
the sensibility.
 The principle of unity of command which states that there should be only one boss on the
one subordinates
 the principle of unity of direction states that all work that are carried in the organisation
should focus on achieving the goals and objectives of the organisation.
In context to TESCO plc the different management functions used by the CEO of the
organisation is planning, which refers to the planning of the goals and the objectives, organising
which deals in organising and directing the subordinates the roles and the duties to them and
controlling which refers to the comparison of the actual performance of the organisation with the
2

planned performance of the organisation and according to that different corrective actions are
taken by the CEO of the organisation. (Bratton, 2020)
Analyse the steps taken by the CEO the change in organisation structure in order to
achieve high performance and state the change in organisation culture brought about
the CEO of TESCO and its impact on the employees.
Organisational structure of an organisation refers to the structure which states how the
roles and the duties are carried in the organisation to achieve the desired objectives and goals of
the company effectively and efficiently. In context to TESCO plc the organisational structure of
a retail organisation is based on the type ans size of the business organisation. To change the
organisational structure of the organisation the CEO of TESCO plc can analyse the new
organisational structure through;
 By keep on focusing on the customer experience as all the work is performed in order to
achieve the goals and objectives of the organisation which can be gain through by
serving to the customers. (Naqshbandi and Tabche, 2018)
 By keeping few layers of roles and duties department in the organisation, the organisation
structure of the organisation will have the efficiency. As with the more layers the
structure can make the things complicated to perform the roles and duties in the
organisation.
 By having a tie in compensation to customer experience with the roles and job duties in
the organisation.
 By developing a culture of one company and one team the silos can be eliminated
between sales and operations in the organisation.
As each and every organisation in the market have the desire to achieve its targets. The
organisational structure helps the organisation to works towards the goals and objectives of the
organisation. As organisational structure lets the members of the organisation to work together
and demarcates the different functions between them.(Fox, 2018) In context to TESCO plc, the
organisational structure creates an impact on the employees and the workers as a poor
organisational structure lets the low productivity in the organisation. There will be less
delegation of work among the employees and the workers if the organisation structure of the
company is poorly designed and no incentives will be provided and no centralised decisions can
be taken as when the structure of the company is poorly designed it effects the working culture
3

of the organisation. Whereas a good and right organisational structure of the organisation, it
leads to the good productivity in the organisation, the employees do not have any work confusion
as the roles and duties of the employees and the workers are clearly defined to them so that they
are able to work without having any confusion in work.(Christensen, Lægreid and Røvik, 2020)
The right organisational structure helps in achieving the goals and objectives of the organisation
effectively.
Describe the leadership style of the CEO of TESCO to enhance the organisational
effectiveness.
Leadership generally refers to the company 's management potential to plan and
accomplish the planned and challenging goals of the organisation. Leadership includes the
planning of the challenging objectives of the organisation, taking fast and right actions when in
need, deal with the competition and influencing the employees and workers of the organisation
to perform with their higher efficiency and effectiveness so that the planned goals and objectives
can be achieved easily by the organisation. (Mertens and Wilson, 2018) Every organisation uses
leadership in their organisation as leadership lets the organisation to provide direction to them for
achieving their planned goals and objectives. There are different leadership styles that can be
used by the leader of the organisation to carry its business practices. There are various leadership
styles that are as follows: Democratic leadership : Democratic leadership is also referred as the participative
leadership. In democratic leadership style the staff members of the organisation actively
participates in the roles and decision making of the organisation. This is an effective style
of leadership. Autocratic leadership : In autocratic leadership style the leader of the organisation
directs and makes the decision in the organisation. It is the effective style of leadership.
(Ferreira, Mueller and Papa, 2018) In autocratic leadership generally the leader believes
that the leader is only the person who directs and influences the behaviours of the
employees and the workers working in the organisation. Laissez- faire leadership : The laissez – faire leadership refers on the employee
empowerment in the organisation. In this leadership style the the employees of the
organisation themselves takes initiatives in making the decision of the organisation for
the having the better performance of the organisation.
4

 Bureaucratic leadership : The bureaucratic leadership style is based on taking and
implementing decisions according to the books. In this the leader of the organisation
considers the inputs and the opinions of the employees and the workers of the
organisation.
In context to TESCO plc, the organisation is using the democratic style of leadership in
the organisation. (Mumby and Kuhn, 2018) As the CEO of the organisation focuses on having
the active participation of the every employee in the decision making process who are working in
the organisation. With democratic leadership style the employees and the workers of the
organisation can actively participate in organisation 's decision making process and can be able
provide and give their opinions for improving the actions and the decisions for the better
performance of the organisation in the markets and can be able to generate profits. The
organisation is using the democratic leadership to have effective performance of the
organisation.
Analysis of the effects of power, influence and conflict at the TESCO.
Power and influence are said to be the fundamental human phenomena which includes
the psyche and conscious personality of the employees and the workers. As the power and
influence is traditional concept of the organisation. (Ledin and Machin, 2018) Generally the
power and influence refers to the potential and the ability to cause or protect an action in the
organisation. It refers to the ability and the potential to guide or influence the behaviour of the
employees and the workers working in the organisation. In generally the power and the influence
refers to the identification of the behaviours of the employees in the organisation. In context tot
TESCO plc, power and influence is necessary have in the organisation as it helps the managers
to take control of the employees and workers and directs them to perform their duties and
responsibilities that are to be performed by them to accomplish the challenging goals of the
organisation easily. (Herington, and van de Fliert, 2018) As power and influence plays a vital in
having the effective performance. As decisions in the organisation are made by those who have
the power and the authority in the organisation to direct the employees and the staff.
Conflicts in the organisation is referred as the state or the situation of disagreement and
misunderstanding in the organisation. Conflicts can results in having the deviation of the actual
performance with the planned performance. Conflicts in the organisation can affect the
performance and efficiency of the organisation.(Brookfield, 2018) To have the better
5

performance and efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation, it is necessary for the
organisation to resolve the conflicts on times as it affect the accomplishment of goals of the
organisation,it hampers the productivity of he employees and workers, brand image of the
organisation can be affected and there is a chance of having disputes among the staff members or
the organisation.
Various types of motivation used at TESCO.
Motivation refers to the willingness to perform the roles and duties in order to fulfil their
needs and desires. In generally it simply refers to the ways which initiates, directs and maintains
the behaviours of the employees and workers of the organisation.(Zhang, 2019) Motivation
includes the emotional, social and biological forces that initiates the employee 's behaviour.
There are different theories and practices of motivation that can be used to motivate the
individuals so that they can work with their full of efficiency and effectiveness to fulfil their
needs. In context to TESCO plc, the organisation is using different motivational theories and
practices to keep motivating its employees and workers in order to maintain the efficiency and
effectiveness of the organisation in the corporate markets. (Weiner, 2020)It is necessary for the
organisation like TESCO to keep motivating its employees and workers. So that personality and
desires of the employees and the workers working there can be enhanced and fulfilled so that
they can be able to perform their duties and responsibilities with efficiency. Motivation generates
a sense of employee satisfaction towards the organisation which is necessary for the
organisation. There are different motivational ways that is used by the organisation are as
follows:
 The CEO of TESCO plc focuses on the personality development of the employees and
the workers so that they can get opportunities to grow and enhance their performance at
the workplace.
 The company is providing the flexible working at the workplace, competitive and timely
salaries, discount gym memberships, and free health benefits to its employees and
workers to keep them motivated towards their work and duties of the organisation.
 TESCO has analysed that it is essential to have faith and respect on the employees. The
company always values and keeps faith on their employees and workers working there so
that its employees and workers feel valued by the company and they will work with high
satisfaction level in the organisation.
6

 The organisation keeps on rewarding its employees and working for giving their best
performance at the workplace by providing them employee discount card, private
healthcare, holiday discount, pay slip vouchers and many other benefits to keep them
motivated towards their work. (Flynn, Pagell and Fugate, 2018)
 TESCO focuses on the health and hygiene factors at workplace so that employee can feel
happy and relaxed towards their workplace they are working on.
 The organisation takes care of its employees and workers 's need and want and for that
TESCO regularly pay fair salaries and wages to them according to their efficiency and
effectiveness without having delay in the payment so that it employees and workers can
fulfil their needs and kept motivated towards their work and duties.
Appropriate corporate examples and literature to justify the stand.
The different corporate examples that can be used for the justification of the different
organisational theories and practices in the organisation. (Heard, McCluskey and Lake, 2018)
The two other examples that can be taken as :
Marks &Spencer which is a British multinational retailing organisation that deals in
groceries, clothing and home products. The organisation is using different organisation practices
and theories to have effective performance in the organisation. The organisation is using
different management principles so that the performance of the organisation can be improved in
the markets. The organisation is using the democratic style of leadership in the organisation
which allows its employees and the workers to take active participation in decision making
process in order to have effective performance in the organisation by keep its employees and
workers motivated through different rewards and recognitions in the organisation.
Tesla inc which is a British auto mobile organisation that deals in electric cars and solar
panels. The organisation is constantly keeping its focus on having innovation in their products
and services through analysing the different theories and practices in the organisation. Tesla inc
is using the transformational leadership to keep its employees and the workers skilled and
trained. The organisation is using different management theories and practices to have efficiency
and effectiveness in the organisation. (Prunckun, 2019) The organisation keep focusing on
motivating its employees and workers to have effective performance in the organisation.
7

Suggestions and recommendations that increase the organisational performance.
From the discussion of different organisational practices and theories the different
recommendations can be given to increase the organisational performance of TESCO plc are as
follows:
 The money which are owed to the suppliers should be paid regularly in time with the
payment terms .
 To have better organisational performance, the organisation should not take and make
unilateral decisions at the workplace.
 The organisation's finance team and the buyers should be highly trained and skilled for
having the effective performance at the workplace.
 The organisation should provide the transparency and clear idea in its dealings with
suppliers of the organisation.
 The data input errors of the organisations that are identified by the suppliers of the
organisation can be resolved as soon as possible by the experts of the organisation with
the different practices.(Chung and Williamson, 2018)
 The organisation can choose the right and effective organisation structure for the
organisation to have the better organisational performance of the organisation.
 TESCO plc can use different management principles in the organisation to have a
systematic management system in the organisation for achieving the desired goals and
objectives of the organisation.
 TESCO plc can focus on its productivity so that the organisation can be able to have
better and effective performance in the corporate markets.
 Better customer experience can be provided by the organisation so that the brand image
of the organisation can be maintained in the markets.
 The organisation can focus on motivating the employees and workers of the organisation
so that the employees and the workers can work in the organisation with their efficiency
and effectiveness.(Stouten, Rousseau and De Cremer, 2018)
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that organisational theories and the practices
are essential to study the organisational behaviour of the employees and workers towards the
organisation. The above report explains the different management styles , principles and
8

functions used by CEO of TESCO. The organisational structure is explained to achieve the high
performance of the organisation and the organisational change that takes place due to different
factors. The leadership style is explained that is used by the CEO of TESCO with the different
motivational factors used by the organisation. The different effects of power ,influence and
conflicts are explained and according to that the literature and the recommendations are
provided that can enhance the performance of the company.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Banks, C., 2018. Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Bratton, J. ed., 2020. Organizational leadership. SAGE Publications Limited.
Brookfield, S. ed., 2018. Training educators of adults: The theory and practice of graduate adult
education. Routledge.
Buchanan, D.A. and Huczynski, A.A., 2019. Organizational behaviour. Pearson UK.
Christensen, T., Lægreid, P. and Røvik, K.A., 2020. Organization theory and the public sector:
Instrument, culture and myth. Routledge.
Chung, A.Z. and Williamson, A., 2018. Theory versus practice in the human factors and
ergonomics discipline: Trends in journal publications from 1960 to 2010. Applied
ergonomics .66. pp.41-51.
Ferreira, J., Mueller, J. and Papa, A., 2018. Strategic knowledge management: theory, practice
and future challenges. Journal of knowledge management.
Flynn, B., Pagell, M. and Fugate, B., 2018. Survey research design in supply chain management:
the need for evolution in our expectations. Journal of Supply Chain Management .54(1).
pp.1-15.
Fox, J., 2018. An introduction to religion and politics: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Hatch, M.J., 2018. Organization theory: Modern, symbolic, and postmodern perspectives.
Oxford university press.
Heard, D., McCluskey, U. and Lake, B., 2018. Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults:
Theory and practice post Bowlby. Routledge.
Herington, M.J. and van de Fliert, E., 2018. Positive deviance in theory and practice: A
conceptual review. Deviant Behavior .39 (5). pp.664-678.
Ledin, P. and Machin, D., 2018. Doing visual analysis: From theory to practice. Sage.
Mertens, D.M. and Wilson, A.T., 2018. Program evaluation theory and practice. Guilford
Publications.
Mumby, D.K. and Kuhn, T.R., 2018. Organizational communication: A critical introduction.
Sage Publications.
Naqshbandi, M.M. and Tabche, I., 2018. The interplay of leadership, absorptive capacity, and
organizational learning culture in open innovation: Testing a moderated mediation
model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change .133. pp.156-167.
Prunckun, H., 2019. Counterintelligence theory and practice. Rowman & Littlefield.
Stouten, J., Rousseau, D.M. and De Cremer, D., 2018. Successful organizational change:
Integrating the management practice and scholarly literatures. Academy of Management
Annals .12 (2). pp.752-788.
Weiner, B.J., 2020. A theory of organizational readiness for change. In Handbook on
Implementation Science. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Zhang, M., 2019. Chinese Contract Law-Theory & Practice. Brill.
10