Organisational Analysis Assignment 1

This assignment discusses critical analysis of the use of ICT in the curricular field and development of a system model of technology integration to inform learning task design. It also explores the gap between teachers’ intentions and ICT practices in technology-rich classrooms. The papers analyzed are Haugsbakk & Nordkvelle's 'The Rhetoric of ICT and the New Language of Learning', Biesta's 'Against learning. Reclaiming a language for education in an age of learning', Howard et al.'s 'Working the system: Development of a system model of technology integration to inform learning task design', and Almas and Krumsvik's 'Teaching in Technology-Rich Classrooms: Is There a Gap between Teachers’ Intentions and ICT Practices?'

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
Given Paper 1: Haugsbakk, G & Nordkvelle Y 2007, 'The Rhetoric of ICT and the New Language of
Learning: A Critical Analysis of the Use of ICT in the Curricular Field', European Educational Research
Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–12.
Question In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.
1 Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).
 The author tries to understand our perception towards new technology and
the use of new technology in the educational field and has also tried to create
a link between information rhetoric and information communication and it is
called the new language of learning
The consumers are the learners in the new language of learning and their needs are
required to be fulfilled by teacher. Therefore this study tries to challenge the
conventional concepts and curriculums have been challenged because according to
this concept the teaching is replaced by learning (Haugsbakk & Nordkvelle, 2007). The
main aim of the paper is to scrutinize the current educational trends by making
application of Biesta’s new language of learning and it makes application of the ICT in
the educational field of the present day. There the author has supported the
hypothesis of Biestas that shows a radical change and therefore shift from teaching to
learning, and it is also influenced by the rhetoric of information and communication
technology. Information and communication technology plays a very important role as
a rationalizing tool in the educational field in the Norway region and with the use of
same the efficiency of teaching can be improved. It is designed individually and is
made flexible. It is therefore aimed at showing the ways in which teaching will be
replaced by learning automatically. Information and communication technology and
learning are therefore connected through rhetoric connections.
2 What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?
 A bibliometric analysis is carried out by the author for the purpose of gaining
necessary data. This data can be used for exploration of the empirical effects
towards development of language of learning. In order to detect the
popularity curves for the terms learning and teaching different databases have
been searched. The two main library used for this purpose is BIBSYS and ERIC.
Information about various books, periodicals and others is contained in the
BIBSYS database that is held by the national library of Norway or the college
libraries and other sources. The ERIC or the educational resource information
centre supported by the US education department is an information system. It
has access to information of various journals and also provides references to
additional information.
 The learning management system as per the partial conclusion uses the same
rhetoric as that of the United Kingdom based system.
3 Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match
your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis
Answer hints:
 The rational best suited for the purpose of this paper is neo-humanism
because the arguments of freedom and flexibility which are connected to the
learning management system supports the individualism effects since the
effects of post modernization cannot be understood with the help of any
material and are determined only at the rhetoric level. The arguments used
can be related more easily to traditional modernist and using instruments to
understanding societal and technological development.

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
Given Paper 2 Biesta, G 2005, 'Against learning. Reclaiming a language for education in an age of
learning', Nordic Studies in Education, vol. 25, pp. 54–66.
Question In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.
1 Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).
Answer hints:
 The article is aimed at making a critical analysis of new language of learning
that has been dominating the educational discourse over the past few years.
This new concept of new learning language believes that education van be
understood as an economic exchange between the consumer and the provider
(Biesta 2005). The idea of meeting the needs of the learner is understood and
exemplified makes it difficult to the teachers and educators making a
contribution to the education field. Therefore the discussion of informed and
democratic about the education purpose and the content is made difficult.
Therefore there is a need of and for education language and this language will
help in understanding the educational relationships. Therefore this article aims
at providing a language for and of education language that is focused on
responsibility and violence as constituents that are important for educational
relationship. The article also aims at shoeing the way in which the educational
language has changed over the past decade. The language of learning has
replaced the language of education over the last two decades. This language
has made it easier to have insights and express ideas that were rather difficult
in case of language of education. Many things have been lost in this shift
from language of education to language of learning. Therefore this article tries
to reclaim the language of education for education and not learning. This
requires the invention of a language that is responsive to the practical and
theoretical challenges that are faced today.
2 What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?
Answer hints:
 This paper is based on language available to the educators for teaching and
that the language of learning has replaced the language of education.
Therefore the entire paper revolves around the same. It identifies two main
points the changing relationship between the doctors and the patients
because of the availability of vast range of information on the internet.
However this is still not the case in educations. However the internet’s power
should not be underestimated and similarly the eagerness and willingness of
educators and the entrepreneurs. The alternative of the modern idea of
emancipation is the idea of coming into presence as central education. This
process is dependent upon autonomy and rationality. It therefore articulates
traditional information. It is concerned with post humanistic response.
According to the author a new language needs to be developed in response to
the practical and theoretical challenges that are faced in the present day.
3 Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match
your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis
Answer hints:
 The rational theory behind this study is that of radical structuralism because
this study aims at looking at the macro elements of the society. This paradigm
aims at taking initiative for a radical change that can even lead to conflict of
interest. For instance there are conflicting views on language of learning
replacing the language of education. Structuralism focuses on the relationship

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
between different elements on the basis of interaction between the elements
and the whole organization or the bigger system. It basically tries to
understand the way people think, perceive or behave and others. For instance
the paper concluded with the role of information in negatively affecting the
relationship between the doctors and the patients.

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
Given Paper 3 Howard, SK, Thompson K, Yang, J & Ma, J 2017, 'Working the system:
Development of a system model of technology integration to inform learning task design', British
Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 326–341.
Question In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.
1 Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).
Answer hints:
 Extensive investigation has been carried out in order to understand the
factors that affect the digital technology integration into teaching and
learning. However the integration complexity eludes understanding. Therefore
the questions of how digital technology can help in education remains
(Howard et al., 2017). The paper discusses about the various methods that
address the complex problems to have a better understanding of the
relationship between digital technologies, teaching and learning. The recent
model makes use of students experience into the teacher’s technology and
makes use of various digital technologies and beliefs. The model
demonstrated the effects of the students experience upon the group task.
Data mining techniques are used in order to understand the patterns of
student’s technology and the group perception. The learning experiences of
the students are studied in the study.
Therefore this paper suggests about an integration system that includes both the
students and teacher. The differences in the student’s efficacy in computers have an
impact on the teaching and learning. In order to understand the learning and teaching
a combination of systems thinking and data mining system are used. In order to
understand the impact on the group learning and teaching, a tool of systems models
can be used to identify the complexities. The learning experiences of technologically
integrated systems are not homogenous and are not straight forward. Various learning
and teaching designs are created in order to reduce the negative effects of students
low confidence and makes use of digital technologies. Findings reveal that model is
revised in the basis of learning and experience of the students.
2 What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?
Answer hints:
 This study makes use of wide range of quantitative and qualitative data in
order to identify various problems and solutions to the same. For the purpose
of analysis, data is collected from students through questionnaire and the data
is of a historical nature and it is used to find out explore association between
technology use and learning. The questionnaire requited the students to
identify all the digital technologies used for their studies. Data analysis was
done in three stages- factor generations, fuzzy sets creation and association
mining rules. The sample group comprised of about 1000 respondents. A
further association analysis was carried out in order to understand the
relationship and the patterns. The association relationship can be understood
through rules. There are antecedent and precedent rules. There are three
critical measurements support, lift and confidence. All the factors are
aggregated in the tables in form of fuzzy sets and is similar to Likert type
scales. About 67 rules were created as result of the same that included the ICT
engagement, Computer efficacy and others.
3 Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match
your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis
Answer hints:
 The rationale behind this theory is that of social relativism that is based on

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
the belief that different people have got different beliefs, perceptions, values
and other factors. Therefore it becomes necessary to understand the diversity
of thoughts and this will help in avoiding any misconceptions. This theory
explains that certain values, perception and other factors that may seem
incorrect to us may actually not be the same. There are different thoughts in
different societies and cultures that are considered as true when actually they
are not so.

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
Given Paper 4 Almas A G, and Krumsvik R 2008, 'Teaching in Technology-Rich Classrooms: Is
There a Gap between Teachers’ Intentions and ICT Practices?'Research in Comparative and
International Education, vol. 3 no 2, pp. 103–121.
Question In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.
1 Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).
Answer hints:
The study discusses about the importance given to information
communication and technology by Norway school s. It also makes it desirable
for each student to have a laptop (Almas and Krumsvik 2008). The study aims
at finding out the reason for the pedagogical behaviour of the teachers and
therefore focuses on their thoughts in classrooms that are technologically rich
and also includes analysing the way in which it is explained. It basically aims at
understanding if the teachers promote technologically driven practices in
classrooms and the way in which they make use of their knowledge and
various theories of pedagogy of the teachers. The information for this study
was derived from the teachers who had been the secondary class teachers for
at least a period of 5 years and were basically referred as being competent
digitally. Initially the teachers had to struggle hard with the information and
communication technology in the education field however it is not separate
from each other. Therefore in order to arrive at appropriate results,
information was derived from various reports of the school, interviews were
conducted with the selected teachers, videotaped lessons were analysed and
video tapes of teachers reflecting upon their experiences and various other
methods were used for this purpose. This study has therefore found out that
changes in the teaching pattern and use of technology can also be supported if
the teachers are ready to change and are competent digitally. The teachers
moreover have started developing knowledge of digital pedagogy that is
necessary for digitally driven and digitally rich schools.
2 What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?
Answer hints:
 Qualitative research has been used for the purpose of this study. It uses four
different methods of collecting data such as- recall interviews, semi-structured
interviews, observations and document analysis. Different types of methods
for data collection have been used such that to add depth to the investigation
and to increase the authenticity of the study. It is sometimes also referred as
data triangulation because the weakness of one data is overcome by the other
set of data. Methodologies difficulties have been faced while conducting the
research. Purposeful sampling was used in this study for the purpose of
collection of sample. It used unique sampling method where two teachers
belonging to the secondary grades from two different schools were selected.
The paper concludes by saying that established methods have always been
used and will always be used. The conclusion of the study can be challenged
on grounds that human behaviours are subjected to changes therefore the
said behaviour of the teachers is not permanent and therefore the established
methods of teaching may also be changed.
3 Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match
your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis
Answer hints:

Organisational Analysis Assignment 1
 This study makes use of functionalism paradigm because it revolves around
the mindset of the teachers and how it is affected by their functional roles in
the school. It is sometimes also referred to as the theory of mind. The mental
states are influenced by its casual relations with other types of mental states
and also depend upon the sensory inputs and the outputs of behaviour. It is
an alternative theory of the identity theory of the mind and also behaviourism.