Influence of Culture, Politics and Power in Organizational Behaviour

This report explores the influence of culture, politics, and power on organizational behaviour. It discusses the impact of organizational culture on employee behaviour, the role of power in influencing behaviour, and the effects of globalization and technology. The report also examines motivational theories and their influence on employee behaviour, and the characteristics of effective teams.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOURAL

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
Influence of culture, politics and power in organizational behaviour.........................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................7
Motivational theories and there influence....................................................................................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................9
Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team........................................................................9
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
Philosophies of organizations behaviour...................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour refers to how employees in a company act within groups or
teams. It gives an insight on how employees behave and perform at their workplace. It also helps
in developing understanding on aspects on how to motivation employees, increase their
performance and help in establishing strong relationship with the employee's. It is a multi
disciplinary area that seeks behaviour in company by setting goals of individuals. Morrisons is
the fourth largest chain of supermarket in UK where its products range include food, beverages,
clothing, books, magazines, CD's and many others. Present report will address to influence of
culture, power and politics on the behaviour and performance of individual. It will address to
motivate teams to achieve goals of company. Further, to this it will also brief on how to co-
operate effectively in teams and will evaluate various concepts and theories in organisational
behaviour.
LO 1
Influence of culture, politics and power in organizational behaviour
Organizational culture plays a vital role in influencing behaviour of individual and
team towards achievement of goals of the company. It refers to the shared belief, values and
assumption of employees of Morrisons on how to interact and behave in the company
(Adnan, Hay, Staden,2018). It includes the expectation, experiences and behaviour that guide the
employees of the company.
It can be explained using Handy's Model of organizational culture which has described
four stages as mentioned below:
Power- This says the power in Morrisons is
held by very few individuals who influence
behaviour of others throughout the company.
Employees of the company are judged on the
basis of what they achieve rather than how
they achieve.
Task- This culture is formed in the company to
address to specific problems or projects that are
in progress. It refers to the tasks being an
important aspect where the power in the team
shifts to different team members and also
depends on the status of the project or problem
to be addressed.
Role- This is based on the rules of company. Person- In these employees of Morrisons sees

Employees are highly controlled in the
company where each& every member knows
about their own roles and responsibilities.
themselves as unique and superior in the
company. It is collection of employees who
happen to work for the same company for
years and company is filled with individuals
having same expertise, training and
background.
Importance of cultural-difference awareness is that it helps Morrisons in building and
improving skills of relationship with the ability to inform correct procedures for business
etiquette. It helps in getting opportunities to come together and increases quality of life and
increases the well being of employees. Lack of cultural awareness in the company can leads poor
decision making. Awareness about culture helps in increasing chances to provide company with
more insightful decisions. It helps in getting different perspective on different scenarios on how
to take decisions more effectively. By this the company gets the edge to solve more complex
problems which comes in the way to business functioning and make operations more flexible in
nature.
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model- It shows effect of society's culture on the values of
members and how these values relates to behaviour of employees. It analysed five dimensions
that are
Individualism- collectivism – It states that degree to which people are integrated within groups.
It states that individuals are expected to take care of themselves only and their immediate
families whereas collectivism refers where individuals can expect their relatives or other
members to look after them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty shown.
Uncertainty avoidance- It explains degree to which employees of the company feel
uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. It refers to the issue how to deal with future
which is never known and how to control same or let it go.
Power distance- This explains how less powerful employees of Morrisons accept and except that
the power distribution is unequal. It addresses to the issues how company handles inequalities
among its employees or members.
Masculinity- femininity- The masculinity side represents preference in the company for
achievement, showing heroism, being assertive and material rewards for the success. It is

competitive in nature whereas femininity approach is based on preference for co-operation caring
for weak and others. It is consensus oriented
Long term-short term orientation-It refers to the challenges of company in present and future
with the link of past. Long term orientation describes inclination of company to achieve or search
for high moral standards whereas short term orientation is company is inclined towards
establishment of real truth (Khlif,2016).
Impact of globalisation and technology
Globalisation plays a vital role in influencing the culture of the company as it provides
with diversity of workforce who come with their own beliefs, customs, values, attitude and other
which influences the performance of individual and team to achieve the goals of company. It
leads to company to develop strongly integrated culture where employees get job satisfaction as
they believe company practices are ethical which in turn help the company to retain the talented
staff and avoid their turnover (Truong,Hallinger,Sanga,2017)
Technology also plays an important role in influencing the culture of company as it helps
to engage the workforce together in a way that make workplace connected in Morrisons. It
impacts the culture in a way where employees work with efficiency and effectiveness to increase
the productivity to achieve the goals within short duration as what used to take hours now take
minutes by the use of technology in the company.
Principles of Network theory and System theory
Network theory refers to concept that there are often more than two parties in a
relationship between buyer and seller and that exchange happens through processes by
interaction between number of individuals in Morrisons & in cases with different firms too. It
helps the managers to understand ways how department and organization works as this are social
networks which need to be focused.
System theory is theory which treats the company as a system where it interacts with its
environment by the way of inputs and outputs produced. It refers to them set of distinct part that
interact with each other. It refers to the study of company as a complex process and arrangement
of individuals and their beliefs which can be related to the company. This theory has four basic
models which are output, input, process and feedback received by the company.
Organisational psychology- It refers to the structure of organization and the way in which the
people of the company interact which is undertaken to improve the organization efficiency. It

refers to the science of human behaviour relating to the work and applies theories & principles to
the company& employees their workplace as well as maintaining employees work life balance.
Critical analysis – A company culture which is bad and which is not favourable can result in loss
of employees productivity to work with efficiency and effectiveness which results high turnover
of employees in turn causing the loss for business operations and builds negative goodwill in the
market about the company where it results in loss of sales & revenue for company.
Organisational politics influence the of performance of Morrison both in favourable &
unfavourable manner which depends on the workplace politics to be good or bad, it refers to the
behaviour used by employees to build positive image in the company. Good politics helps
employees to perform better whereas bad politics may result in building stress for certain
employees which leads to lack of confidence, high conflicts, misunderstanding that decreases the
employees' ability to perform better (Chan, James, 2020).
Personal or people- centred change is altered around the attitudes, skills, behaviour and
attitude of employees of Morrisons. It involves communicating, leading, interacting and
motivating them within the group.
Structural change is find when it is required to redesign the structure which is demanded
by the external environment which helps in meeting needs of the customers which leads to there
satisfaction.
Decisional change is necessary where management adjust to change there decisions to
achieve future goals more prominently.
Organizational change refers to the process of growth and transformation in Morrison to
fulfil its desired goals to get an edge over the competitors and to survive in marketplace.
Critical analysis
Workplace politics can lead to demotivation among employees as it results in building
negative environment if it is not favourable leading to stress among employees which derives job
dissatisfaction.
Organizational power plays an important role in influencing behaviour as power is used
by leaders to achieve the goals of the company (Nightingale, 2017). Power when used rightly by
leader helps influence followers for their better performance which ensures important decisions
and know about the vitality of company to stakeholders

Power controls & Sources are in the hands of big authorities and officials such as CEO,
CFO, CTO, CMO of Morrisons who are responsible for ensuring how business operates and
delegates their power to talented staff.
Legitimate power-It refers to power in Morrison when someone in the company is higher
position which gives them control over others. It comes by having position in company
Expert power- It comes from one's experience, skills and knowledge in Morrison. It is given to
the managers who are experts at solving challenging problems quickly.
Referent power- It is given to the managers of the company who are highly trustable and
respectful as others trust and respect on how managers handle situations
Reward power-It is given by rewarding employees which can be promotions, bonus, extra leaves
and others.
Critical analysis
Power when exercised in wrong direction may lead company with increased flaw in
operations resulting in increased barriers for Morrisons to achieve goals of company with
decreased efficiency and productivity of employees.
LO 2
Motivational theories and there influence
Extrinsic motivation refers to behaviour if employees that is driven by external rewards
such as money, promotion, fame and others. It arises from outside the individual which tend
employees to engage in activities which result them in gaining external rewards.
Intrinsic motivation is the act of employees to do something which is driven from
internal without considering any external reward. Employee is self motivated as they found
things to be interested and enjoyable on there part (Putra,Cho,Liu,2017).
Content theory defines system of needs that motivates employees actions and defines what those
motivates or need are while Process theory attempt to explain how and why motivation of
employees affect there behaviour
Maslow's Theory of motivation
This theory defines various needs which includes
Physiological needs- This are needs of the company for its survival which requires generating
customer base to sell products/ services to generate revenue and sales

Safety needs- This are security needs of employees where employees feel secured about their job
at Morrison which can be by providing insurance, safe working environment etc.
Social needs – These are needs in company where employees build relationship with each other
develop a sense of belonging, part of team etc.
Esteem needs- These influences the behaviour of individuals as it relates to respect being given
in the company to its employees, level of status they receive and others
Self actualisation needs- This needs of employees are intellectual needs where it relates to
achieving targets, employees being creative in there approach etc.
Vroom Expectancy theory
It says that employee's performance depends on individual factor such as skills,
personality, knowledge, skills experiences and their ability (Nhung,Do,2020). It believes that
even if employees have different set of goals, they can be motivated if they believe that, there is
positive correlation between performance and efforts, favourable performance in Morrison will
result in rewards desirable which will satisfy their needs and which is strong enough to make
efforts worthwhile Theory believes that employees put more efforts for better performance which
leads rewards such as increase in salary etc. from which they derive high motivation.
Implication of motivational theory on management and leadership in Morrisons is that
it leads to employee's feeling more empowered to do their jobs consistently at higher level. This
in turn make them feel they are valued and important part of the company which helps in
increasing their job satisfaction leading to achieve desired goals.
Emotional intelligence refers to the capacity of individuals to be aware of, express and
control one's emotion and to handle the relationship effectively with others (Mayer,
Caruso,Salovey, 2016). Soft skills are important as it helps managers to influence how well they
work& interact with people. This make easier to make relationship, create trust and lead teams in
Morrisons (Succi,Canovi,2020).
Task leadership focuses on achieving goals of company. It sets to delegate assignments,
clear processes and issues deadlines to ensure employees remain focused and deliver the same on
time. Relationship leadership refers to putting quality relationship with employees to achieve
positive outcome where it focuses on supporting team members, showing care where lives of
employees extend beyond workplace boundaries (What is Task-Oriented Leadership?,2018).
Critical analysis

When motivation in the company is not executed in proper way, employees are not
focused in what they do which reduces their efficiency, give threats of strikes which can create
problems for management resulting in discontinuation of business operations and others.
LO 3
Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Types of organizational teams
 Functional
Team which are having a good functioning and inefficient working in market is
functional factor of company. The organization will have to work for having an effective team so
that there are going to be higher outcomes overall.
 Problem solving
There must be good understanding between employees so that employees are going to
have higher problem solving capabilities which would make organization have higher results all
together.
 Project teams
Teams in businesses have to be having good communication so that the objectives and
targets can be achieved by organization which is going to be very helpful for Morrison as well.
Team and group
Group are individual coordination with their efforts and on other hand team is going to
have a common purpose which have to be achieved together so that there are going to be higher
results and performance.
Impact of technology on organizational teams
There is going to be higher impact on Morrison to be able to include technological
changes which is going to be difficult for company. Morrison is going to have lower
management and functioning which is not good for a long run. The team will not be able to
accept the changes and they will have to be monitored from time to time. Virtual team
development is going to have monitoring and controlling of team so that the changes can have
higher results and organization is going to have more profitability.
Effective Team

The working of organization increases when there is good team work and effectiveness of
the workforce in market. The workforce is going to be involved in decisions making as well so
that there are new ideas and innovation which can develop in organization. There are chances of
low conflicts and more understanding which is going to be present and is good for operating
overall in the market. This is present in Morrison by using right measures and strategies in
organization (Mitonga-Monga, Flotman and Cilliers, 2017).
Ineffective Team
There is a reputation which a business gains over time which needs to be maintained in
organization so that there is going to be effective working which is going to be present. Without
an effective team there are going to be more conflicts and working environment is not going to
be healthy for employees of company as well. The reputation in market is going to fall and the
demands of customers are not going to be fulfilled as well as quality of products is going to be
low.
Tuckman’s Theory
There are a lot of stages which are present in theory of Tuckman so that the team can give
their best in market which is going to be good for reputation of business. There would be better
sense of direction and performance in market so that operations are going to be better. Team
work in a business can help the organization to be able to function and achieve their targets and
goals which are present in the market. Influence of team will make productivity higher or low
which is why Morrison will have to take these measures effectively.
 Forming stage
The tasks have to be analysed and discussed in detail which would help organization to be
able to maintain their standards and reputation in the market. Morrison provides timeline to all
employees so that objectives of organization are going to be matched and demands of the
customers are also going to be fulfilled in market. Company will have to maintain their
competitive market to themselves so that they would have loyal customers in the organization.
 Storming Stage
According to the inputs and outputs of organization the tasks are melded accordingly so that
the firm will be able to benefit from it most. There would be issues and conflicts which would
rise in the organization but management will have to control those factors so that the firm will

be able to operate effectively and efficiently in market (Fischer, Hyder and Walker, 2020). To
have clarity in working it is essential for organization to have a good working environment
therefore conflicts will have to be resolved.
 Norming Stage
There has to be enough time for the employees to know each other as well so that the
understanding factor is going to be present in team. There is going to be a level of sharing
experience and knowledge of market with another which would make tasks be completed on
time and organization will have loyal customers in firm as well making the company have higher
reputation.
 Performing Stage
The last stage is performing when the changes are decisions are implemented in the
organization and Morrison adapts to them very quickly which is good for competitive advantage.
There are new ideas and innovation as well which take place in the company and that is making
the employees be motivated as well to learn new factors in market.
Belbin’s team role theory
Belbin’s theory includes 9 stages which would be team worker, shaper, coordinator,
plant, monitor evaluator, completer finisher, implementer, specialist and resource investigator.
Shaper of the organization makes sure that challenges of the organization are improved and team
working can be stable, implementer is the person who gets ideas and innovation in the
organization and gets them into actions (Farris, 2018). Coordination is to make communication
and build the bridge between all the workers of the organization and completer finishers are for
making sure that tasks are being completed on time in the firm. Monitoring evaluator are
coordinator of ideas and if they are being implemented effectively and monitor them even after
implementation so that there are changes which can be done for best and plant is getting new
ideas in company. There is a standard of organization which needs to be maintained so that there
is going to be higher profit margins and reputation of organization in the market.
Factors Affecting Effective Team
 Leadership
There has to be good knowledge and experience of the market so that leaders of the
organization will be able to make right decisions and make the issues resolved before they

become bigger issues in future. There has to be good communication in the business so that the
employees have right information and they can work accordingly (Chou and et.al., 2019). There
is monitoring which is present of the employees after they are trained by the leaders so that there
is going to be better operations in business. Clarity of working is going to be present and a path
for employees is present which needs to be followed otherwise organization will not be able to
achieve their goals and targets.
 Team size
It is important that the size of groups or teams is going to be small because larger the group
the more conflicts are going to take place which is not good for a long run. Right employees also
have to be present with the right skill for work to be completed and monitoring them is essential
(Brearley, 2020). New ideas and innovations will be able to come in organization if teams in firm
would be ready for them and are motivated with healthy working environment.
 Communication
The decisions which are taking place in Morrison have to be taken on time so that
management will be able to operate effectively. Sense of direction will have to be strong so that
there is going to be trust and bond which would be present between employees of organization so
that the company will have a satisfied and well balanced workforce in organization so that
company can gain competitive advantage in market.
Benefits and risks of teams
There are a lot of benefits which are present of having a strong team in business so that
the objectives and goals would be achieved without having a lot of troubles. The targets are
going to be achieved faster and with the help of coordination in the group company will be able
to have higher reputation in market. Teams can also de-motivate employees who are not well
experienced and the organization will have to improve this factor so that results are going to be
better.
Conflict resolution
Morrison group is already having a lot of factors which are present in organization so that
there are going to be good performance and demands and needs of customers are going to be
achieved. There have to be events held in organization so that there would be higher
communication and the issues and problems can be solved.

LO 4
Philosophies of organizations behaviour
To illustrate the different philosophies which are related to organizational behaviour can
be one by path goal theory which is one of best theories in market to be able to understand the
organization (What is the Path- Goal Theory, 2020). The determinations of best leadership styles
among the diverse bunch of leadership styles that Morrison can receive as per their work culture
are:
 Participative leadership
The leader of organization has to make sure that the team is working as one and all the
members of the team are giving in their best. They have to be encouraged to give their best in
organization which can be done when they share their ideas and thoughts with one another so
that improvement is going to be present. Communication in organization has to be present only
then Morrisons will be able to motivate them and make them feel satisfied with the business.
There are unnecessary complexities which can be avoided by the organization but there is going
to be a delay in decision making because of involvement of all team members.
 Supportive leadership
The distribution of task is task and workload is done with employees so that leaders and the
employees can work together to be able to achieve tasks and targets of the organization (Kaur,
Malhotra and Sharma, 2020). The aim of this is to create a free stress situation in organization so
that employees will feel supported in the business. There are a lot of styles which are
implemented in Morrison from time to time so that employees can remain loyal to the
organization and work ethics and practices of organization are going to be present making the
company have higher results in market.
 Achievement oriented leadership
In this the leaders divide the big tasks into small and then give them to employees equally
and then motivate them to give in their best so that productivity and operations of organization
can be maintained. This is one of techniques which are used in Morrison so that the employees
give better performance and skills can be improved accordingly.
 Directive leadership

In this the leaders just give directions to employees and indicate for achieving target easily so
that there is going to be higher performance. This requires a strong communication in Morrison
and more innovative ideas can not generate in this manner which is going to make the company
not be able to fulfil demands of customers. This is a very strict manner for the employees and
can increase the turnover of employees as well in organization but is a very systematic manner of
working in market. This is good for getting in flexibility in organization and makes employees be
able to work according to them but they have to match tasks and objectives given to them.
It is important for Morrison to have the right leadership style so that there is going to be
higher results and achievement of the organization can be present (Jena and Pradhan, 2018). The
company will have to analyse and then make decisions accordingly so that profit margins can
increase and organization will be able to gather higher competitive advantage in market. It is
according to situations that different leadership styles are used in Morrison which is going to
make the brand value increase in the market.
Custodial organizational behaviour model
It is important for employees to gain trust and faith of the employees in the organization
due to which Morrison provides the employees with security and safety measures. There is going
to be higher productivity and operations as well which is going to be present in company so that
the organization will have better functioning. Retirement plans and saving plans for employees
from salary so that they can have a stable lifestyle for themselves after retirement. The demands
and needs of customers are also increasing which needs to be met by Morrison and for that
employees have to be present. There are going to be more ideas, creativity and innovations
which are going to take place in organization so that organization will be able to operate
effectively (Tainsh, 2017). There are a lot of skills and knowledge which is present in employees
so that there is going to be a great functioning and organization will be able to create a higher
standard for themselves in market.
Contemporary barriers to effective behaviour
Morrison takes up changes which are present in the market and they stick to them which
is not good for team work because they need to provide employees with flexibility in company.
This is going to make the pressure on employees and team overall reduce and company will be
able to operate effectively.
Contingency theory

This theory states that there is no better way of planning and decision making when there
is going to be a good understanding of external and internal factors. Contingency is going to
make the organization have a stable functioning and performance in market as well which is
going to be very good for competitive advantage in market.
Social capital theory
There has to be a shared sense of identity which needs to be maintained and also having
trust and values so that the company will be able to profit from this factor. This is going to make
the employees have respect for one another and performance and productivity is going to be
higher.
Reflection
It is very important that the employees in the organization are controlled and monitored
with distributing the right work to the right employees which is a very essential factor as well.
The company will have to make sure that there is going to be good planning and functioning
which is going to be present making the organization is able to develop. There is a lot of
competition which is present in the market and needs to be worked upon so that there is going to
be better operations which is going to be present. There has to be good shared value which the
organization must have so that there are going to be higher functioning and operations which the
company is going to have.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that there has to be right measures after analysing market effectively
so that organization is going to have higher functioning in market. Goals and objectives of the
organization have to be achieved and for that the organization must have business plan to be able
to operate effectively and a better sense of direction would be present. The organization will
also improve in market positioning which is good for a long term goal and competitive
advantage. The theories have to be analysed and measured so that performance and productivity
of business can increase in market.

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