Organisational Behaviour - A David & Co Assignment

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of organisation's politics, culture and power influence individual and team
performance and behaviour .......................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Process and Content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in A David & Co......................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Effective team as opposed to and ineffective team................................................................7
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within situation...............................9

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is a process which investigates the overall impact of individual
behaviour within an organisation (Ashenden and Sasse, 2013). It also study the internal and
external factors that affect productivity. This will benefit in defining roles and responsibilities for
employees and helps a manager to effectively influence behaviour of workers in formative
manner. Present case study has been conducted on A David & Co which is deals in food and
beverage industry and are engage in food whole selling business. Company mainly provide fresh
food, vegetables, dairy items and bakery products to consumers. In this project, overall influence
of an organisation culture on team as well as on individual performance has been mentioned.
Whereas, various theories like, process and content theory of motivations are included in this
report. Along with this, philosophies and concept on the context of organisation and various
concepts of team effectiveness are covered in this report.
P1 Influence of organisation's politics, culture and power influence individual and team
performance and behaviour
Organisational behaviour is a continuous study of human behaviour their attitude and
performance in an organisation. Main objectives of organisational behaviour are to develop
formative approach with the help of which performance level of employees can be maximised.
Organisational behaviour includes different types of factors such as power, politics and culture
which directly or indirectly affect behaviour of team and performance of an individual. In
relation with A David & Co their top management have implemented Handy culture in their
organisational working culture as to cope up with the effect of these factors. There are various
factors that affect functioning of an organisation which is mentioned below in descriptive
manner:
Organisational culture: Organisational culture consists of various set of assumptions, beliefs
and values with the help of which behaviour of an individual can be judged. In a culture of a
company there is a formative set of organisation values, system, norms and vision.
Organisational culture affects the way in which an individual and a group interact with company
clients and shareholders or an individual in an organisation. Culture mainly includes a company
norms, values, systems and vision. Organisational culture mainly impact upon the way in which
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an individual and a group in an organisation interact with other that include, clients and
shareholders.
A David & Co implemented Handy typology in their working structure. Company
provide wide range of dairy items, fresh fruits and vegetables and bakery products. Company
deliver more than 40,000 items in a week. Handy typology is divided into four main components
that are mentioned below:
Power Culture: In handy typology of power culture, power is only authorized to few individuals
in a company. For example, formal rights are only with the top manger and CEO of company.
They are only responsible and authorized to make rules, regulations and decisions. In the relation
with A David & Co power lies only in the hands of company superiors. According to that,
workers working in their organisation are being judged by their actual done performances. This
culture will benefit A David & Co mangers to provide rewards and appreciations to only worthy
individuals. In addition to this, company can also strengthen their market position and achieve
their predetermined targets in an effective manner.
Task culture: In this culture, main focus of an organisation is to complete a particular target in a
proper given time frame. Task culture is more flexible and is of horizontal nature. Management
of A David & Co implements task culture in there organisational structure when there is
requirement to accomplish a task in a given period of time. Managers of company formulate
team in workplace to achieve objectives of organisation with more effectiveness. This will help
A David & Co to formulate positive communication flow in their working structure and
encourage their employees to work in a collaborative manner.
Person Culture: In this type of culture, each and every individual are authorized with power as
in this there are many individual working in an organisation with same set of expertise and
background. In person culture individual treat themselves as superior.
Role Culture: In role culture, company put more focus to achieve rules and procedures. Power
in this type of culture is based as per the position of an individual. This culture mainly has
hierarchical bureaucracy. Authorities that are given to an individual in this culture are of highly
defined and of formal structure.
Top management of A David & Co have adopted Charles handy typology in their
working structure in order to conduct process of decision making in effective manner. This will
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help company to achieve their objective in proper exact time manner. This typology will benefit
managers of company to allot power to individual as per according to their skills and
competence.
Impact of culture: There are various types of culture in an organisation which include reward
system, behaviour, beliefs and values. These entire factors have direct and indirect impact on
organisation and on individual behaviour. Therefore, it is the main responsibility for A David &
Co to formulate effective strategies and offer healthy and secure working environment to their
employees and treat them all on equal basis. This will help them to build healthy work
environment and ensure a productivity of workers. There are some positive and negative factors
mentioned below that affect organisational culture:
Positive Impact: An organisation can maximise performance of their workers by treating all of
them on equal basis. With the help of strong culture A David & Co encourage their employees to
achieve their job responsibilities with more effectiveness. In addition to this, company can
increase their productivity and profitability in effective manner and accomplish their target
within proper time frame.
Negative Impact: With the adoption of weak culture organisation may decrease performance
level of their employees which adversely affects productivity of company. Creation of numerous
situations of conflict and disputes may rise in company. Therefore, it is essential for A David &
Co to choose proper form of culture as to strengthen their productivity.
Impact of Politics:
Politics in an organisation creates unhealthy and workplace turbulence. Politics in a company
arise when an individual or a management engage in manipulative things to increase their power
or formal authority in a company. This is an unethical process to gain power and maximise level
of productivity. For example, in a team there are so many members working in it as to achieve a
common set of objective. In this there individual by taking advantage of bad politics take credit
of someone else work. This creates conflicts and bad working environment in an organisational
structure. Therefore, it is the basic responsibility of A David & Co managers to ensure that bad
politics does not prevail in their company work structure. Negative sense of politics creates
numerous obstacles in their growth of company and performance. It decrease performance level
of employees and generate so many situation of conflicts in a workplace. This will adversely
hamper company rate of turnover and profitability. For this it is essential for A David & Co
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managers to formulate formative policies and strategies. There is some positive and negative
impact of politics.
Power impact: Politics helps an individual to gain various advantages from other person. As
with this a person can complete their task in a given time frame. For example, if an individual is
not able complete their allotted task in a unique manner then they can take idea of other person to
finish their task and show that in front of their superiors and earn reward.
Negative impact:
Negative politics creates bad and unhealthy working environment in a company internal working
structure. This can affect an organisation overall productivity as negative politics decrease day to
day performance of employees. It also creates unhealthy competition in company workplace
which results in affecting their brand image.
Power in organisation
Power is an authority with the help of which an authorized person influence other
individual to achieve their objective in effective manner. Mentioned below there are different
types of power:
Reward power: In reward power, managers are authorized to offer reward to an employees as per
according to their performance. Reward power, can be of salary increment, bonus, promotion
and many more.
Coercive power: In coercive power, mangers are fully authorized to punish their subordinates
and employees. They can give them threat of demotion, dismissal and suspension.
Positive impact: Positive power bring effective impact on performance level of
employees as this will effectively maximise motivation in them which helps an organisation to
strengthen their position in a market place and rise their rate of profitability and productivity.
Negative impact:
Presence of negative power in an organisation culture decrease sense of loyalty in employees.
This results in decreasing of motivation level among them. Furthermore, it will adversely impact
on their performance level.
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TASK 2
P2 Process and Content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in A David & Co
In order to achieve high growth it is essential for an organisation to recruit effective and capable
employees as per according to company requirement and provide them proper training so to
increase their effectiveness (Hyde and Boaden, 2013). As A David & Co run their business in
various sectors such as dairy, bakery and delivery of fresh fruits and vegetables. Therefore, it is
the basic responsibility of company management to formulate effective coordination with them
and accomplish there business objectives accordingly. Mentioned below there are some certain
theories with the help of which company can perform their activities in an effective way:
Content theory:
Content theory focus on basic need of workers. With the help of this theory manager find various
different ways to encourage their employees to perform their work in effective manner. This will
benefit company to increase their productivity. Content theory mainly includes, Alderfer's ERG,
Maslow's need hierarchy, Herzberg's two factor and more. There are some basic factors of
Herzberg's two-factor theory mentioned below:
Herzber's Two-factor Theory of Motivation: Two-factor theory of Herzberg was founded by
Frederick Herzber. This theory is also stated as motivation-hygiene theory. As per this theory,
there are various different factor that offer job satisfaction (Hashim and Wok, 2014). There are
some basic factor of this theory mentioned below:
Hygiene Factor: Hygiene factor include various measure with the help of which an
organisation can effectively increase motivation level among their employees. Hygiene factor is
termed as maintenance factor and dis satisfiers. Inefficiency of this factor result in creation of
dissatisfaction in between employees. Therefore, it is important for A David & Co to fulfil every
required need of their workers such as, physical working condition, job security, pay scale,
interpersonal benefits and fringe benefits. This will help company to maximise level of
motivation in their employees and increase profitability simultaneously.
Motivational Factor: In this factor elements included in this are known as satisfiers.
This theory of Herzberg, benefit organisation to maximise level of motivation in their employees
and increase their effectiveness. It is the basic responsibility of A David & Co management to
take care of their employees psychological need and evaluate various measures to offer them
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additional benefits. Managers of company provide sense of proper achievement and various
other promotional opportunities to their workers as to increase overall productivity of both
employees and company.
Illustration 1: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2017
Source: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2017
Process theory: In process theory, different types of measures are identified with which
employees behaviour can be encouraged. In this theory there are various theories included such
as, equity theory, Victor Vroom's, Adams's, Skinner's reinforcement and many more. A David &
Co have implemented Lockey's Theory of motivation in their work structure:
Lockey;s Theory of Motivation: This theory was framed by Edwin Locke which is also
known as goal setting theory. With the help of this theory A David & Co company can determine
various factors of motivation such as, setting goals and objectives and challenges for future
performance as to achieve organisational goals in effective way. It is the basic responsibility of A
David & Co mangers to frame various strategies and provide all related information to their
employees so to increase their efficiency and fulfil overall objectives of company. In addition to
this, it is essential for managers of company to fulfil actual need and demand of their employees
as to maximise to maximise motivation level among them. A David & Co by taking advantage of
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this theory can formulate effective strategies and find various measures to encourage employees
contribution in their work culture (De Vasconcelos and Kimble, 2016).
TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to and ineffective team
A team is a collaboration of group of individuals who teamed up together in order to
achieve a common objective. To ensure effectiveness of organisational objectives and team
members it is necessary for company top management to make sure that their team members are
working in an effective manner without facing any issue. In addition to this, managers are
required to make sure that they are modifying their strategies on continuous basis in order to
maximise employees productivity on regular basis (Coccia, 2014). This will help them to
achieve company objectives within a proper time frame and also in effective manner. There are
some basic concepts of ineffective and effective team mentioned below:
Effective Team: In this type of team culture, team members perform their roles in
effective manner as to achieve overall objective of company goals. In effective team culture,
members share their actual goals and responsibilities as per according to their defined
capabilities. In addition to this, team members perform their functions in collaborative manner in
this types of team culture.
Ineffective Team: In this culture of team, members performing their activities in
ineffective team are not open with one another which creates a sense of confusion in between
them which automatically results in creation of conflict in organisational culture. Moreover, in
ineffective team culture team members faces lack of shared motive or goal and not understand
real purpose of organisation functions.
Types of Team in organisation:
Functional Team: In this team, functions of employees have same set of functions and
are mainly required to present their report to organisation manager who have allotted them
responsibilities. Functional team culture include, individuals from human resource department,
operation and marketing department, finance department and many more.
Project Team: In a structure of project team, roles and activities are given to individual
who perform their work in different department of organisation. In addition to same set of roles
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and responsibilities are allotted to them for this managers can sub-divide their team to achieve
organisational target and dissolve the team just after they have accomplish their goals.
Task Force Team: In this structure of team, group of individuals in a small number are
created to fulfil a certain set of project or task. Task force team is also termed as project team or
working group as this is only established for a limited period of time.
In relation with, A David & Co. top management they set their teams as per according to
their necessity to fulfil a target. For example, in order to accomplish a project in a particular
required time frame they form project team. Whereas, to accomplish a task company manager
establish task force team.
EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
 In effective team culture, individuals
are clearly mentioned about their actual
roles and responsibilities which help
them to perform their work in
collaborative manner.
 In this types of team culture, power and
rewards are being shared between every
member of team on equal basis or as
per their work contribution (Coccia and
Cadario, 2014).
 In effective team culture, there is a two-
way communication occurred to
accomplish company objective.
 In this team structure, roles,
responsibilities leadership are assigned
to team member after setting a mutual
consistency of all individual on it.
 In ineffective team structure, set of
roles and responsibilities are
authorised to every individual with a
motive to take advantages from each
other.
 In this team structure, power are shared
by only a single authoritative person.
While, reward system are unclear.
 There is only a one-way form of
communication occur in this type of
team structure.
 Task and responsibilities allotted to
individuals done on a unclear basis.
Whereas, delegated form of leadership
are being followed in effective team
structure.
In order to achieve overall objectives of company in effective way it is essential for
company top management to formulate positive form of communication in their working
structure and make sure that every individual in their organisation is engaged in company
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activities. While to accomplish objectives of company in effective manner managers by forming
proper team structure can encourage their workers to perform their targets on collaborative basis
as to ensure their overall efficiencies. A David & Co have estimated turnover of about 10 Pound
to 20 Pound. Company perform their functions in food and beverage industry and offer high
qualitative fresh foods and dairy products to consumers which will help them to maximise their
prosperity in effective basis. Company run their business activities on different other
geographical locations so as to ensure great productivity it is essential for A David & Co to
create team culture in their work structure and increase efficiency and profitability of both
organisation and employees on simultaneous basis.
TASK 4
P4 Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within situation
To fulfil organisational objectives in effective and formative manner A David & Co is
taking advantage of team culture in their work structure. In context with this, to ensure overall
effectiveness of employees managers of A David & Co are required to provide all essential and
related information to each one their worker without any kind of discrimination. In addition to
this, it is important for managers to formulate different types of effective measures to influence
and encourage workers as to perform their work in formative manner. There are some basic
factors which is required to be taken care by employer:
Integrity: Integrity is related to external reputation of company. It is important for an
organisation to not only offer effective services but also provide qualitative products in the
marketplace so to maximise brand image of company in external market.
Responsibility: In order to accomplish organisational objectives in effective basis it is
essential for a manager to allot roles and responsibilities to each and every individual in a
workplace as per their capabilities and skills. This will help them to maximise job effectiveness
and productivity of both employees and organisation.
Path goal leadership theory: This theory concentrates on style of leadership in effective
manner. It is the basic responsibility of company leaders and managers to encourage and
influence their employees in a manner to maximise their overall productivity. This will help
them to strengthen their position in marketplace and maximise overall productivity of company.
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In path goal leadership theory there is a formative process of steps which include, motivational
factor, basic characteristics of employees and selection of effective leadership style as to
maximise workers efficiencies. A David & Co by taking advantage of this theory can maximise
their success level.
Employee characteristics: In this element of path goal theory leadership employees are
judged on the basis of their skills and experience. Therefore, it is essential for A David & Co to
allot roles and responsibilities to each and every individual as per according to their capabilities
and skills. In addition to this, it is the basic responsibility of company managers to encourage and
motivate their employees in order to accomplish their task with great effectiveness.
Task and Environmental Characteristics: To accomplish organisational objectives in
formative manner it is the basic responsibility of company management to provide proper
support to their workers (Carlos Pinho and Dibb, 2014). There are numerous elements of task
characteristics included in this factor such as, work group, formal authority system and designing
of task. It is necessary for A David & Co managers to offer formative support to their employees
while they are engage in a process to accomplish a task.
Leadership style: There are generally four form of leadership and behavioural style of an
organisation which is briefly described below in descriptive manner:
Directive: In this form of leadership style, A David & Co managers is responsible to
direct their employees in such a manner as to achieve overall objectives of organisations in
effective way. In addition to this, leaders need to ensure that their workers are working in
coordinating manner. This will help them to direct their employees in effective way and achieve
organisational objectives in proper time frame.
Supportive: In this part of leadership style, A David & Co leaders is responsible to offer
proper and full support to their workers in order to maximise their productivity. This will help
company to achieve their objectives in effective time frame.
Participative: To accomplish a target in formative manner it is the basic responsibility
of A David & Co managers to make sure that all of their employees are engage in a task as this
will help not only to employees to increase their job performance but also benefit company to
form their strategies as to keep every worker capabilities in their mind.
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Achievement: It the basic responsibility of A David & Co. to make formative targets and
challenges to their employees and provide them effective motivation as to achieve overall
objectives of organisation in efficient way.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that, organisation behaviour is a
systematic study of individual working in an organisation. There are different types of factors
which directly or indirectly affect functioning of a company. While politics also effect
organisation efficiency and it's productivity and profitability. Therefore, with the help of various
motivational theories managers can effectively maximise their organisational productivity.
Furthermore, they can also take advantage of effective team to maximise overall productivity of
an organisation and strengthen proficiency of both employees and company on simultaneous
manner.
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