Organisational Behaviour and Management

The assignment provided is an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour and management. It includes references to various studies and research papers on topics such as resilience and competitiveness, transformational leadership, and decision-making. The document also discusses different models of organisational culture and the hierarchy of human needs according to Maslow's model of motivation. A summary of the assignment is not provided in this response.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Influence of organisation’s politics, culture and power on team and individual
performance............................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Motivational theories for achieving organizational goals.................................................3
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P3 Different types of team within BBC and its importance...................................................7
TASK 4 ........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour..................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviours, is study of the human behaviours within groups. It is
considered as an efforts and attempt to determine how the performances of employees get
affected while performing in a group or an individual. Basically organisation behaviour's helps
to maximise the output from individual group members. It affects the overall performance of
business organisation thus it is compulsory for management to bring transparency in the process
of communication. The present report is based on Organisational Behaviour of “British
Broadcast Corporation” The particular project talks about the power and political behaviours
of managers in BBC. As apart from this, various motivational theories that an organisation adopt
to motivate its employees. Beside this other concept of OB that can be applied by the
organisations are also explained under this report (Riivari and et. al., 2012).
TASK 1
P1. Influence of organisation’s politics, culture and power on team and individual performance
Organisational culture-
It is the culture which is followed by the company and it is based on certain values,
assumptions, policies and customs which are followed and developed by the organisation on time
to time. Earlier there were many issues in BBC like harassment of staff, differences in pay scale
and gender. With the appointment of new director general all issues are related to the employees
are solved because he changes the organisational culture and policies related to pay scale and
gender.
Handy’ theory of organisational Culture has divided into four parts which are follows-
Power culture -
All powers are vested in the top level of management of the organisation and top level. In
BBC all power was vested in the management and management was not doing justice with its
staff. After the appointed of new director general all issues has been solved because he changed
the culture and listening the problems of staff .
Role culture -
In this type of culture role is predefined to the staff of the organisation so chances of
creativity is less in this type of organisational role culture. Staff of BBC has to follow the roles
as given to him by the company and they can not do other things as per their choice. Role is
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decided according to the designation of a person in the company so decision making is slow in
this type of culture (Atkinson and Hall, 2011)
Task culture -
In this type of culture groups are made to solve a specific problems and groups are made
according to the strength of members in the team. Team leader of the group usually take decision
and other group members have to follow it. Team leader of group motivate the other persons in
the group for a particular task. Other members of the group can give advise to the team leader. In
BBC team leader of group take decision for a particular task and other team mates have to follow
it and they can not take decision for a task and staffs are abide by the rules which were made the
by BBC.
Person culture -
This type of culture is followed in many organisations where person has focused only in
its own work. They do not give values to team projects or team goals. BBC was also doing same
because they do not think about its staff and they do work as per their own suitability.
Power and political behaviour of managers-
French and Raven’s power has consist of following things such as-
Legitimate power-
It is that power which comes in a person with its position or designation and its give
power and rights to that person to perform a task and he expect the same from the other persons.
BBC has all power n rights which was vested in its top managements.
Reward power-
This power describes that a reward has given to its employee for their good performance
and reward can be anything like – monetary incentive, promotion etc. BBC differentiate it on the
basis of pay scale and gender in their organisation.
Coercive power-
This power gives right to the person that he can punish or impose penalty to other
person .This power is vested in the top management of the company. BBC have done bullying
and harassment of its staff.
Expert power-
This power is based on the experience, knowledge and skills of a person. New director
general has this power in BBC.
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Referent power-
This power reflect the ability of influence and motivate to other persons. In BBC this
power is vested in new Director general of the company.
Informational power-
This power talks about the information of the company which can be know by the high
authority of people in the organisation. In BBC this power was vested in the new Director
General and he know about those information which was not easily available to the other persons
and staff.
Chanlat's political behaviour of managers-
Chanlat says it is a social disease. This theory says that politics has done by the
management of the company who plays political games with their staff. Sometimes management
wants to motivates or try to learn something different to its staff then they take help of this theory
but staff of the organisation will not happy with politics. Performance of staff can be decrease
from the politics(Chen and Lai,2014.).
BBC has used this political behaviour theory by doing differences with their staff. They
did not pay according to the skills of its staff means there was a differences in the pay scale of
the employees and BBC also do differences on the basis of the gender so it reduces the
productivity in the company which is not a good sign for the organisation. This type of behaviour
can not accepted by the staff of a company and company should focus on the productivity and try
to minimise the politics from the company and its management.
TASK 2
P2 Motivational theories for achieving organizational goals.
Motivation is referred as an inner state of individual mind that activates and directs our
behaviour. It makes us to do a act. It is internal to us which influence our behaviour. It creates
willingness to do a work and achieve the objectives and goals. Motivation is the source of getting
success in the organisation. Through motivation skills of a person can be improve and he will be
more effective in his work and productivity of his will also improve (Yasin Ghadi, Fernando and
Caputi, 2013).
Content theory-
It is a motivation theory which focus on the needs of the human therefore it is also called
need theory. All humans have different needs and according to that motivation is needed for
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improvement in the performance. Earlier BBC was not focusses on team effectiveness because
individualism was follows in work. Staff was not motivated so they mainly focuses on
individualism but after 2015 HR led a reorganisation of the BBC into new divisions that bring
together specialities such as channels and commissioning and delayering of management and it
increased the efficiency in team work. Content theory involves-
Maslow theory of motivation-
Maslow develops this theory in the 1940's to motivate and development of employees
because he said that human beings have a hierarchy of needs. Maslow motivation theory has
divided in five parts which are as follows-
Source: The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s Model of Motivation. 2018
Physiological need theory-
This theory focuses on the basic needs of humans without it they can not survive and if
humans will able to survive then how will they perform and how they will bring productivity in
the organisation. These needs are hunger, water, sleep, clothes etc. (Contrafatto and Burns 2013).
Safety need theory-
This theory focuses on the safety and security of humans. Its responsibility of the
company to provide safe and healthy working environment to its employees and work place
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Illustration 1: The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s
Model of Motivation.

should be safe and provide the job security to its employees. Company should follow all rules
and regulations which are made by the government to protect the employees. Company can take
accidental policy to protect its employees from danger (Cooper, Johnson and Holdsworth, 2012).
Social needs theory-
This theory focuses on love and affection which is needed by every individual. Company
can be friendly with its employees for better understanding and support because everybody
wants love and affection. It will help in increasing productivity from the employees and it will
build a strong relationship between company and its employees.
Self-Esteem need theory-
This includes self respect and appreciation. If someone perform better then they should
be appreciated by monetary incentives and other rewards because it is the motivation for the
employees and it is the requirement of everyone. It will helps in achieving the goals and
objectives of the organisation (The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s Model of Motivation,
2018).
Self actualization theory-
Everyone has a desire to become better and wants to develops more skills. It is the most
important need of everyone and company encourage its employees to perform better and for
improvement in the skills so that a person can fulfil its desires goals and wants. It will also
beneficial for the company because productivity will increase and profits will also increase. This
theory helps in betterment of a person and its ability.
Process theory of motivation-
As content theory motivates process theory also motivates but it is different from the
content motivation theory. It mainly focuses on the process of a thing means how a work has
been done and how much efforts have been putting for completion of that work (Smith and
O'Sullivan, 2012).
Vroom expectancy theory-
Maslow theory is based upon the internal needs but vroom expectancy theory is different
because it focuses on the outcome and performance from efforts and motivation. Prepose of this
theory is to increase the pleasure and reduce the pain. Vroom theory says that the performance
of a person is depend upon the certain things such as capability,interpersonal skills, experience
and efficiency. This theory says that there is a relationship between the efforts, performance and
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motivation. BBC can use the variables and expectancy for this. By implementing this theory
BBC can achieve its targets by motivating its staff so efficiency will improve and it will be
beneficial for the company in the future for its sustainable growth and improvement (Mohamed
and Sathyamoorthy 2014).
b) Improved levels of motivation with BBC for achievement of organisational goals-
By following the motivation theory of Maslow BBC can achieve its organisational goal
by providing necessary and basic things which are important for the livelihood of human beings.
Earlier, BBC was not listening to the problems of staff so staff were not motivated but after
appointment of new director general should able to understand the problems of staff and try to
build friendly and healthy relationship with the employees and it will be better for the
performance of the company as well as its staff. BBC has appointed new director general and he
appreciate staff for their good performance and also motivates them and appreciated by monetary
incentives and rewards. These things make employee happy and motivated (Dindire, 2012).
BBC can show its interest to betterment of its staff. If employee will achieve its desire
and wants then company will automatically able to achieve its goals and objectives because
humans are the most important assets for the company and when they will satisfy then their
productivity will increase so company will automatically achieve its goals by its
satisfied,efficient and skilled staff. Vroom expectancy theory mainly focuses on the process of
the efforts. It consider how much efforts a employee is putting and its continuity. It also consider
the changes in the efforts as well as its process and ultimate objective is to get outcome from the
efforts which are putting by the employees. BBC can use vroom theory to get better outcome
from the performance of staff and also measure the efforts (Models of Organisational Culture -
Handy, 2015).
These two motivational theories BBC can achieve its organisational goal and can sustain
its growth for a long time in the market.
TASK 3
P3 Different types of team within BBC and its importance
A good team, makes an organisation successful and bad team leads it to failure. As there
is saying also that single men can achieve less but a team can achieve more. As Team word itself
describes, 'Together Everyone Achieves More'. So every successful organisation is successful,
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there is a team who makes successful (Mittal and Dhar, 2015). There are four different types of
team in the BBC which are as follows
Functional Team -
Functional team, who perform different types of functions like marketing, finance, human
resources, and sales in an organisation. Functional team members usually have different
responsibilities but all work to perform the same function of department. These cross functional
team is a group of people with different functional expertise but working for a common goal. as
if there is any communication gap among these team, than it could lead to low profitability of
organisation. For an example, the various kinds of teams are there in BBC like marketing,
finance and HR. If these teams comes together for a common goal of BBC, then it helps to
remove the communication gap among these teams. And it will develop the good relationship
among the employees. This will help in improving overall efficiency of employees. If functional
team of organisations are strong, than there would be greater efficiency and greater efficiency
leads to more productivity. So a good functional team are very important for an organisation
(Elsmore, 2017).
Problem Solving Team -
The member of this team comes from different functions, they posses different skills,
interest and different roles, but their main aim is to provide permanent solution of a specific
problem. BBC is currently facing the problem of criticism about the pay and gender gap between
staff, so to solve these problems, this kind of team are formed. The company faces various kind
of problem within in the organisation and outside organisation, so to solve these problems, there
should be a problem solving team. Problem solviong team focus on particular problem and find
the possible solution of the issues for smooth functioning of organisation.
Virtual Team -
As in this today's technology loaded world, this team has an equal important as real team.
This allows to people to participate in organisations activities regardless of their geographic
limitations. Virtual team connects with the company through the different kinds of social
networks out there. Virtual team members should those, who have the potential of working with
minimal supervision. In today's globalisation time, importance of this team increasing day by
day. As virtual team can help the solving the problem of those who are physical present at
locations. As BBC is a global company, and it has management who is managing the work over
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the world. BBC could have also this kind of virtual team, it can help company to more close to
the customer. As the team are located around the world, they have better chance to know about
the customers taste and preferences. Virtual team can help company to draw the best global
talents also.
Project Team -
This team members are particularly from different groups and functions, but they come
together for a specific project which is assigned to them. This types of teams are used only for
definitive period of time. It can be helpful in development of good relations among the
employees of, as because all team members comes from various department for common project,
for a specific time. So it will help employees to know each other and it will help employees to
create synergy among the employees. A better synergy leads to more efficiency among
employees, which is overall going to help organisation to achieve the goal of maximum profit.
For an example, BBC has also different department so if members of different departments
comes together for a particular project, then BBC can also make this kind of team, it can be
helpful for BBC to develop good relationship among employees who are from different
functional activities.
B). Theory of Tuckman and Jensen's model of team development and/or Belbin's teamroles
Psychologist, Bruce Tuckman first came up with the memorable phrase, Forming,
Storming, Norming, and Performing in his 1965 article, “Developmental Sequence in Small
Groups”. 'Tuckman' used it to describe the path that most team follow on their way to high
performance. Later he added a fifth stage that is Adjourning. It is important for BBC to apply
this theory in organisation, to make an effective team and to achieve its goals (Michailova and
Sidorova, 2011).
As to make an effective team this theory was given. The theory talks about the formation
of team to its adjourning.
Forming -
As this is the formation time of team, all members come together and understand the
work what team will do. This stage can help BBC, as BBC should for a team for achieving goals.
As all team members get to know each other at initial stage, which could help them to remove
the communication gap among them.
Storming -
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This is the part where people start to push against the boundaries established in forming
stage. At this stage many teams fails. Storming often starts where there is a conflict between
team members' natural working styles. People may work in different ways for all sorts of reasons
but, if differing working styles cause unforeseen problems, they may become frustrated. This is
the stage where leader should more focus on their teammates to make a strong team for the
particular task. (Griffin and Hu,2013).
Norming -
This is the stage where people start to resolve their differences, start appreciating each
other. As at this stage colleagues gets to know each other better. And they develop a stronger
commitment towards goal. As this can make an effective team at BBC also. In the BBC, if
Performing -
The team reaches to performing stage, where, team's hard work leads, to the achievement
of team's goal. And the process which setup earlier also support this well. As in this stage leader
delegate the work to team members and overall it develop the effectiveness of team also. As
leader set the goal for each team member according to their skills and direct them to achieve the
goal.
Adjourning -
The stage where team gets adjourned, it is difficult stage for those who have built good
relationship with colleagues. As after the lot of hard work and efforts from all the team members,
the goal is achieved. But after achieving the goal this effective team gets adjourned.
Overall this theory helps in building a good team, and BBC should use this process to
make an effective team and to achieve the goals.
TASK 4
P4 Philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour
This theory was developed by Robert House, this mainly focus on the way leaders
motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals. The main goal of this is to increase the
motivation of employees, empowerment and satisfaction So they become productive members of
organisation.. By using this theory at BBC, the leaders can show the path to its subordinates to
achieve organisational goal(Gunasekar and et. al., 2011).
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Different types of leaders behaviours “Path Goals Theory Suggests” , by applying these
behaviours BBC can motivate its employees to achieve the goal. So here are these behaviours are
as follows -
Directive Leadership -
In this leaders gives direction to its subordinates, its about the expectation of leaders from
its subordinates, way subordinate will achieve the task and specific time of completing the task.
As leaders of BBC can also use this behaviour, for completion of task and for better productivity
by delegating task according to skill set.
Supportive Leadership -
It refers to being friendly, approachable and supportive as a leader to its subordinates. As
BBC can follow this, it helps in improving overall productivity, it lower the anxiety of
subordinates. And this helps in boosting the confidence of subordinates, which can help to
achieve the goal.
Participative Leadership -
This kind of leaders, invites their subordinates to share in the decision making. As if BBC
follow this kind of style, than it can helpful for the organisation to improve efficiency of
employees. If leaders of BBC, consult with their subordinates and seek ideas from them, then
this can be very helpful for BBC.
Achievement Oriented Leadership -
The leaders who challenges their subordinates to perform work at highest level possible.
This can be turned a good way for BBC to improve the efficiency of its employees. As leaders
sets a high standard of excellence for the subordinates, it seeks continuous improvement.
Basically Path Goal Theory, all about to motivate the employees, through participative
decision making,supportive leadership and by showing clear paths to its employees. BBC can
follow this theory, this can be helpful for them to improve efficiency and effectiveness of
employees. The positive impact of this theory on organisation is, company can motivate their
employees to achieve the goals of company. The motivated employees will give their best
performance for company and overall organisation goals will be achieved. This gives flexibility
to organisation. The negative impact of this theory is that if subordinates are too much depended
on leaders then system may collapse if something happens to leader.
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B) Main barriers to effective performance within the BBC
There are many barriers for the BBC, which impact its effective performance. As BBC is
facing bad phase and reason for this can be the barriers which can be hidden also. So here are
some barriers are as follows -
An ineffective Senior team -
As it can be seen that, BBC employees face issues like,criticism and harassment, due to
this employees morale gets down and it effects the overall performance of employees. And this is
a barrier for BBC, which stops overall development of employees as well as organisation. As it
shows BBC has an ineffective senior team, they could have taken actions against these
happenings. But they have not taken any corrective actions for this (Harper, Randall and
Rouncefield, 2012).
Lack of Support from management -
This shows people out there does not receive any support from its management. An
unsupportive management always leads to low efficiency of its employees and decrease growth
of organisation and its employees.
Poor Communication
The case shows that, BBC has very poor communication hierarchy among the top, middle
and lower level of management due to which employees can not address their issues to the
management. It can be seen that BBC has followed the Top down approach for the
communication among managements. At people can not even communicate their issues to their
management, then how an organisation can developed the employees productivity(McEvily and
Tortoriello, 2011).
No Motivation for Employees -
As it can be clearly seen, that there is no motivation for employee to work in BBC. At
workplace people are facing issues of harassment, staff are bullied and complained are nor being
listened. So all these factors leads to demotivation for employees instead of motivation. So if
employees does not feel motivated for work, then it leads to low productivity of employees.
To overcome these barriers BBC should develop an effective senior members team for
guidance to employees. As the management should give proper support to its employees so they
feel motivated. The management should take action against the issues which is being faced by
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employees. There should be an effective communication channel for removing communication
barriers.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that organisational behaviour plays an
important role in overall development of an organisation. BBC is not able to fulfil the needs and
requirements of its employees so that employees are not happy with the company. So
performance of company is also hampered for past couple of years company could not achieve
the goals like earning maximum profit. As in the organisation employees are facing problems of
harassment, employees are bullied and there complained are not being listened by the
management. So all these issues faced by employees and the overall productivity of employees
also gets decreased. It all leads to demotivation of employees. So BBC should adopt the Maslow
theory of motivating the employees, Tuckman team role theory and path goal leadership theory
to increase its employees efficiency and for achieving the goal.
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REFERENCES
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Yasin Ghadi, M., Fernando, M. and Caputi, P., 2013. Transformational leadership and work
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Online
Models of Organisational Culture - Handy, 2015. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/models-of-organisational-culture-
handy/>.
The Hierarchy of Human Needs: Maslow’s Model of Motivation. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<http://personalityspirituality.net/articles/the-hierarchy-of-human-needs-
maslows-model-of-motivation/>.
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