Influence of Culture, Power, and Politics on Individual and Team Performance in Waitrose

This assignment examines the influence of organizational culture, power dynamics, and politics on individual and team performance in Waitrose. It explores the impact of process and content concepts of motivation on achieving business aims. The advantages of working in a team and the effectiveness of team work in aim achievement are also analyzed. The assignment concludes by discussing the philosophies and concepts of organizational behavior within Waitrose.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................2
PART 1.......................................................................................................................................................2
Examining how a company’s culture, power and politics influence individual and team performance &
behavior...................................................................................................................................................2
Analyzing how process and content concepts of motivation and motivational approaches enable
effective achievement of aims.................................................................................................................5
PART 2.......................................................................................................................................................8
Assessing advantages of working in a team.............................................................................................8
Demonstration benefits of working in a group as leader and member.....................................................9
Critically analyze two theories of group development to discuss their effectiveness of team work in aim
achievement.............................................................................................................................................9
Examining how effective teams related to at least two theories in term of concepts and philosophies of
organizational behavior within Waitrose context...................................................................................11
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior refers to set of assumptions, attitude and values that drive efforts
and hard work of workers towards strategic aims achievements. In term of study, it provides
useful data about behavior of individual person that perform their roles and attempts to fulfill
accountabilities while working in a company. The current assignment will be based on Waitrose,
which falls under the category of leading supermarket chains in the United Kingdom. The study
will define how politics, organizational culture and power influence performance and attribute of
workers. It will explain contribution of process, content and motivational methods to achieve
business aims and will also justify what makes a productive group as opposed to an ineffective
team. Furthermore, lastly the report will clarify philosophies and concepts within chosen
company context and given venture circumstance as well that related to organizational behavior.
It will explain the benefits of effective teams at workplace.
PART 1
Examining how a company’s culture, power and politics influence individual and team
performance & behavior
Organizational culture-
It defined as process of shared trust, and values that help management to influence
individual person within companies like Waitrose in effective manner (Shin and Shin, 2020). In
order to define the effect of this procedure specific concept may use and that mention below-
Handy’s model of organizational culture-
Power culture-
Leader with this types of power may influence individual workers and team member
positively, by using their power and conducting ethical practices in term of fairly motivate
employees and boost individual candidate morale that is really important for them to do so in
appropriate way.
Role culture-

It may influence performance of individual and team in term of increasing their capability
to perform effectively because this culture enable leader to allow workers to perform role in
which they are expert. Within Waitrose, this environment may play crucial role, in its success
and excellent progress.
Task culture-
Just like other culture, this one also influence teams and individual performance & their
behavior also positively, in term of increasing productivity and commitment level, which provide
a lot of advantage to Waitrose in form of maximizing business performance level that is an
amazing thing (Gigliotti, Paro and Mateus, 2020). Firm may gain this benefit by allocating task
on the basis of worker’s efficiency and capability.
Person culture-
This form of organizational culture within Waitrose may influence individual candidate
negatively because it drives attention of each worker towards prioritizing own task achievements
instead of support other people that may need their help to understand how to attempt to finish
daily work on time as a fresher.
Power-
This element considered as capability that a leader or a manager may have to influence
another stakeholder behavior in Waitrose. The effect of authority may define with the help of
using below model and that is;
French and Raven-
Legitimate power-
When manager use their power while performing within Waitrose in fair way, without
any discrimination, they may appropriately influence workers’ behavior and their performance
positively in term of enhancing their productivity and communication practices at workplace
(Different Types of Power, 2021). They may utilize decision making and performance appraisal
power ethically.
Referent power-

This power may stem from personal attributes and competences of person such as a
leader ability through which they influence individual and team’s nature in term of making
respectful environment at workplace, where worker may accept what they said to them and
follow their order without any resistance.
Reward power-
It is one of those abilities that manager and leader may have to grant a reward such as an
attractive job assignment or increase in salary of workers, which influence candidate’s
performance in term of completing task before schedule time duration and behavior as well in
form of supporting other people.
Figure 1: French And Raven's
(Source: The Power to Influence, 2020)
Coercive power-
Another form of power that may influence similar things is current one but in negative
manner, in term of decreasing worker’s performance and changing their behavior because no on
prefer to get punishment for their noncompliance as they tend to obtain appropriate direction
regarding particular work.

Expert power-
When manager may share their experience with everyone within Waitrose, they may
influence people behavior towards helping other for purpose of aim achievement and
performance also in term of boosting their morale. It may highly put positive impact on
individual attitude in term of sharing their knowledge with other and support to enhance team
member’s performance.
Information power-
This kind of power may provide benefits to a leader and manager within Waitrose, when
they communication with all the workers whether they are new or existing regarding important
decision, they may boost morale of everyone and allow them to perform effectively and
productively.
Politics-
Organizational politics within Waitrose, describe as self-serving nature that workers use
to maximize profitability, but it may also use to influence their performance and behavior in
negative manner (Haider, Fatima and de Pablos-Heredero, 2020). No one at work area may
prefer to play politics and perform within this kind of environment where they may feel
demotivated and ineffective. It may decrease their efficiency and performance level.
Analyzing how process and content concepts of motivation and motivational approaches enable
effective achievement of aims
Overview of motivation-
It defined as internal feeling of workers based on which they may behaves and acts in the
context of specific task and procedure as well as decisions within Waitrose. In regard to
employee motivation, leader may use varied approaches in term of content and process theories
that are;
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs-
Physiological needs-

According to this theory, by taking initiatives to provide accommodation, food and other
basis types of needs, management within Waitrose may motivate each person and retain them
with brand for long run.
Safety needs-
In term of developing plan to offer EMI and PF facilities, leaders and HRM may
encourage staff and allow to feel valuable from organizational side. They may fulfill these needs
in form of safety.
Love and belonging-
By giving respects to individual candidate, leader may take it in return which may
creative productive and pleasant environment within supermarket and enhance the motivational
level of all employees whether they are existing or new.
Esteem-
By encouraging staff to take part in decision making procedure, leader and manager may
motivate their people who may help to achieve Waitrose objectives and goals.
Self-actualization-
After obtaining self-actualization need, employees may prefer to work with company and
contribute to increase its performance, which may define its motivational and commitment
extent.
Vroom expectancy theory of motivation-
Expectancy-
It is quite important for leaders and management as well within Waitrose to understand
the expectations of workers, which made them capable to motivate them by offering facilities at
workplace accordingly. It may bring varied benefits for them and company as well in term of
achieving set aim and objective. By fulfilling candidate’s expectations and needs organization
may motivate its employees.

Figure 2: Vroom Theory of Expectation
(Source: Expectancy Theory, 2018)
Instrumentality-
The most common but effective way or approach to motivate workers that management
may use within Waitrose is rewards in term of incentives, bonus, etc. that has motivated
employees from so longer time ago and currently as well (Prayogo, 2021). Leader may use these
elements in term of key instruments to retain people, boost their morale and allow them to grow
even better.
Valence-
It may refer to emotional nature individual may hold with respect to results. By providing
rewards or conducting practices related to performance appraisal, management may increase the
motivation extent of skilled and talented candidates at workplace. It made them stronger to give
firm power which it may use to reach at desire position, stage or outcome in effective and
systematic manner.
Motivational techniques-
Manager and leader within Waitrose may take initiative to develop effective plan and
adopt it as a technique which they may use to motivate workers. For example, employee
engagement in decision making is the best way that management may accept and conduct it into

practical manner, which people prefer to adopt and feel valuable from organizational
administration side (Pukkeeree, Na-Nan and Wongsuwan, 2020). Furthermore, along with this,
they may use another method and that is feedback collection from workers to know how they
feel and what expect from company in return of their hard work and efficiency.
Influence of each factor upon worker’s behavior in Waitrose-
Politics, power and culture of supermarket are one of those factors that may act to
influence behavior of other people who work at workplace to fulfill their as well as organization
expectations and needs in term of increasing profitability and obtaining rewards for this. These
may impact positively when leader may use each without making differences between current
and new candidates. They may influence everyone positively in term of maximizing their
performance and productivity level.
How theories influence behaviors of other in company and their performance-
Each theory whether it is Maslow or Vroom, influence performance of Waitrose and
behavior of workers in term of driving the attention and efforts of leaders towards conducting
ethical practices, which in return may provide unbelievable outcomes to management in term of
increasing brand productivity, profitability and performance degree, even better than
competitors. By taking each suggestion of above theories into consideration, they may obtain
desire results and grow venture successfully.
Suggestion based on improvement of staff’s performance-
Waitrose and its management can improve their worker’s performance to make them
capable to achieve business objectives. They can provide training to individual person that
successfully enhance or develop candidate’s skills even better than last years and allow them to
accomplish given task on time in term of goals achievements.
PART 2
Assessing advantages of working in a team
A team refer to group of individual who play important and beneficial role in growth and
success of companies. It may provide several benefits to Waitrose. For example, by working in a
group, individual person may obtain creative ideas. They may develop a new skill, like effective

team working and knowledge as well as experience that may help to fulfill the key functions,
accountabilities and roles in supermarket, which made candidates capable to deliver quality
services and provide products to customers.
It is essential to have mix of knowledge, competence and experience among workers
which they may use to perform at workplace even better than last months.
Demonstration benefits of working in a group as leader and member
While performing in a team as a leader, individual may get expected results. For
example, they may deal with certain challenges and handle circumstances like conflict
management and employee resistance to change. Furthermore, as a member and leader, when
person may work in a team they may drive the attention of everyone towards achieving set goals
and objectives by the management within Waitrose.
Differences between effective and ineffective teams-
Manager and leader may obtain each benefits just because of key features that a
productive team may have. For example, they may enable to communication, collaborate and
coordinate with each other. These activities may only find in effective team instead of ineffective
as they not interested to support other and allow them to complete their task.
Critically analyze two theories of group development to discuss their effectiveness of team work
in aim achievement
Tuckman’s team development theory-
Forming-
In order to develop effective team at workplace, leader may take initiative to
communicate with each candidate, which allow them to understand the reason behind specific
kind of change and activity within Waitrose.
Storming-
Now leader may come to next stage of team development procedure where they may take
action to train workers and contributing in development of their skills (Popovici, Babu and
Mihai, 2020). It may help to form effective groups at workplace.

Norming-
Manager may develop productive teams of workers within supermarket by clarifying
their roles and accountabilities. At this stage, they may feel more confident to do in term of
facilitation staff and enhance their performance level.
Performing-
Management may take workers productivity and activities into their consideration and
then let them concentrate on aims achievement by coordinating and communicating with
individual, which may in return build effective groups in Waitrose.
Adjourning-
Performance and hard work recognition is the last approaches of team development,
which leader may adopt and conduct their practices accordingly in term of making people happy
and permit to perform in a team through which they may obtain a lot of advantages.
Belbin’s roles of team development-
Resource investigator-
By playing this role, a leader may form effective team by allocating resource which
workers may use to become productive and achiever that is really important to be one.
Team worker-
This kind of performer may play vital role in team development at workplace in term of
providing their support, collaborating with other in influencing manner that is essential.
Coordinator-
As a coordinator and collaborator, leader may develop productive teams of people who
may contribute to achieve strategic aims and brand objective on time without making any
mistake.
Plant-
As idea and strategy planner leader may drive attention of individual towards developing
a team which made them capable to make tactic successful and gain benefits through it.

Monitor evaluator-
Manager with this duty also contribute in the context of forming a similar thing for which
leader may also take initiatives and conduct efforts as well (Gander, Gaitzsch and Ruch, 2020).
Specialist-
By sharing valuable experience with everyone, leader and manager both form teams of
productive workers, who have power and ability to reach Waitrose business at global level.
Shaper-
Leader through this role and perform as a shaper may develop effective team that may
have capability to achieve set objectives and aims appropriately and effectively.
Implementer-
They know as plan implementer in a company like chosen one by implementing
strategies in term of providing directions and right guidance, which is significant to provide so.
Completer Finisher-
Individual who play this role may also drive attention of other to complete their task
while working in a team correctly instead of dealing with challenges individually.
Examining how effective teams related to at least two theories in term of concepts and
philosophies of organizational behavior within Waitrose context
In the world of business, there are many theories, concepts and strategic framework
available that leader within Waitrose context and conflict management as well may utilize that
also help to form productive team at workplace and that are;
Path goal theory of leadership styles-
Directive leadership style-
This form of leadership may help to develop productive groups in company, in term of
driving concentration of leader towards directing workers appropriately and guiding them how to
perform and act (Li and et.al., 2020). It allows them to perform effectively and ask to further

suggestion, which leader may provide on the basis of individual candidate need and expectations
as well as requirements. It may boost morale and performance level of individual candidates.
Supportive style of leadership-
In term of support and team work, leader may use this style successfully which is quite
beneficial for them and organization productivity also. It made leader capable to support other
people and perform in a team with them, which give them chance to understand their needs and
feelings even better than last duration when they collaborate with each other. It may contribute to
build effective teams in Waitrose.
Participative-
The best way to form skilled and talented worker’s teams within supermarket is guidance
which leader may provide to each by taking part in their daily activities and initiatives that a
candidate may conduct at workplace to achieve strategic aims of organization and to strengthen
its operational efficiency (Ali, Wang and Johnson, 2020). This style of leadership is the best
among many and useful in certain circumstance like conflict management, etc.
Achievement oriented-
This style allow leader to generate new interests of employees about their work and gives
them a reason for rapid understanding and expansion of their knowledge, which enable them to
achieve greater outcomes. It may drive concentration of individual candidate towards
determining benefits of team work and then form a team which may help to reach at their
dreams.
Contingency theory-
It may also help manager and leader to gain success and growth for Waitrose, which is
actually important to obtain. It may help them to cater options to workers that supports individual
to grow individually and share their creative ideas to venture. This leadership style may give
power and effective strength to leader that they may use currently and in the future.
Benefits and drawbacks of theories-

In term of advantages, the best things about each theory is that it helps to form, a team
and keep it productive which bring benefits for Waitrose in term of increasing its productivity
and performance level. On the other hand, Path goal and contingency concepts may put negative
impact on aim achievements in term of taking too much time, and consuming more efforts.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion, it has been concluded that by developing or building
effective teams at workplace, leaders had made a beneficial contribution towards the progress
and success of company that operated in retail industry. It has enable firm to gain competitive
edge and increased its profitability along with productivity. By doing so, they had influenced
behavior of other people at perform their duties at same workplace in positive manner, in term of
driving their attention towards conducting collaborative and coordinative practices. Furthermore,
from above analysis, it has been identified that by taking Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Vroom
expectancy, Handy’s organizational culture and French and Raven types of power theories into
their considerations, management and leaders has conducted effective practices that has
motivated workers and successfully boosts their morale even better than the last few months or
years. By using situational and other forms of leadership styles, leaders have made useful and
valuable contributions.

REFERENCES
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Online
Different Types of Power. 2021. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/types-of-power.htm>
Expectancy Theory. 2018. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/10/expectancy-theory/>
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https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-orgbehavior/chapter/13-3-the-power-to-
influence/>