Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Power, Politics, Motivation, and Team Performance in Morrisons

This report analyses the influence of culture, power, politics, motivation, and team performance on organisational behaviour in Morrisons. It evaluates various theories and concepts to achieve effective goals and objectives. The report suggests adopting a Hierarchy culture and Legitimate power to influence the task of employees. It also recommends using Theory X and Theory Y to motivate employees and create an effective team.

Organisation
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................1
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance........................................................................3
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context...........................................3
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.....................................5
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................5
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
cooperation within effective teams.............................................................................................7
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational
context and given business situation...........................................................................................8
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour within a
given business situation.............................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is concerned with the studies of the behaviour of the individual
within an organisation. It involves the process to control the behaviour of individuals by
evaluating their performance in the workplace . It help an organisation to develop strategies that
can motivate employees, enhance their productivity and help to establish strong relationship
between the superior and the subordinates (Zhou and Yang, 2022). This report is based on
Morrisons ,which is the fourth largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom. The company
is headquartered in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. This report will include evaluation of
organisation culture,politics and power that can influence individual and team performance. It
also includes the various theories of motivation ,motivational techniques and concepts and
philosophies of organisation behaviour which can help an organisation to achieve their objectives
and goals effectively and efficiently in order to achieve a competitive advantage in the
marketplace.
MAIN BODY
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
Organisation culture, power and politics influence routine operations as well as impact
the overall functioning of the organisation. Strong culture provides a both the organisation and
its employees direction and stability. To regulate the operations and efforts of individuals
properly suitable strategy should be establish within the operations.
Organisation Culture
It is the collection of values, expectations and practices that guide and direct the efforts of
the individuals. Culture impacts all the aspects of a business. A well establish culture will help an
organisation to improve their performance and achieve their organisation objectives and goals.
There are four types of organisation culture which are discussed as below-
 Clan culture: This culture emphasis the importance of having a coordinative and
cooperative workforce, by motivating and boosting their morale and values which help an
organisation to perform their task efficiently and help an organisation to achieve its goals
and objectives (Cozzolino and Moroni, 2021).
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 Adhocracy culture: This culture is based on energy and creativity of the employees,
who are encouraged to take risk and are ready to adopt the changes that are frequently
taking place in the environment. It determines the flexibility and employee empowerment
within an organisation.
 Market culture: It is a corporate culture that determines the competitiveness between
the organisation and employees and also between the employees within an organisation.
It increases the overall productivity and profitability of an organisation (Tsai, 2018).
 Hierarchy culture: It is a organisational culture that emphasis on developing a stable
organisation structure, rules and regulations , processes by implementing system of
power and management, which help in smooth operations and functions.
In context to Morrisons, the company should adopt a Hierarchy culture, which allows the
organisation to have a stable structure, polices and guidelines in order to achieve their growth
and success and remain a competitive organisation in the marketplace.
Power
It is the ability to influence decision making process, behaviour of the individuals ,
change the operations. To influence the actions in an organisation, it does not require someone to
have the authority , it can take place in any form. It is important to have delegation of authority
in between all the employees to increase their overall productivity in operations.
 Legitimate Power: These are the power that allows the leaders of an organisation to
assign and allocate different projects, distribute workloads, implement policies to their
employees for which they are accountable. In the same way, the employees are delegated
with the authority by federal and provincial laws for which employers are accountable.
 Reward Power: This is the ability of the leaders to provide their employees with the
salaries and surprises by making use of the resources of the business to motivate their
employees for increasing their overall productivity.
 Expert Power: This is a power which an individual acquire depending on their
knowledge and skills which makes them superior than others in a particular field of
operations and expertise. It brings credibility and trust of the peoples within an
organisation (White, 2019).
 Coercive Power: It is a power when someone holds sufficient authority in an
organisation and uses it to influence and threat their employees to comply with the
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demands and task which is assigned. The individual uses fear of punishment as an
incentive for the employee assigned with the task.
In context to Morrisons, the organisation should adopt Legitimate power to Influence the
task of their employees and operations within an organisation which does not lead to overlapping
and disturbance in the functioning as per long term perspective (Su, Lin and London, 2021).
Politics
It involves use of external power and social networking within a organisation to adopt the
changes that are taking place in the environment to attain all the benefits in the workplace to
increase the profitability and productivity. Organisation politics is important it provides an
understanding of informal processes of conflicts and co operations that can impact the
productivity. With the positive aspects on an organisation person it have negative impact as well.
The existence of politics results in decreasing the output and productivity of the employees as the
individuals cannot focus on their tasks which is being assigned them which results in lack of
achievement of organisation objectives efficiently and effectively.
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance
The culture, power and polities all three factors have an impact on the overall operation
of any premises. The culture of an organisation determines the performance of the employees
rather than its standards and values. It is very crucial for any business to have a proper and
efficient work culture, power and influence of politics otherwise it lead to have a negative impact
on the functioning which effects the performance of the individual, profitability and productivity
of the organisation. Hence, it is significant to have a balance of all the elements which can
motivate the employees and it help in maintaining the brand name and workplace atmosphere.
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Motivation is a term which determines the psychological factors that stimulate an
individual behaviour which includes desire for money, success, recognition and etc. Motivation
is an element which comes from within an individual, it is the willingness among the employees
to perform the best of their abilities which help an organisation to improve their overall
productivity (Arkhipova and et.al, 2019). There are various theories that are being developed by
different authors and professionals which can help to satisfy human needs and preferences.
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Theories of Motivation:
Maslow's Theory of Hierarchical needs:
Human behaviour is goal oriented, which directs the efforts of employees to perform their
task efficiently and effectively. The Maslow's theory of Hierarchical needs determines a
hierarchy of needs in accordance with the needs of a human being which are discussed as below-
 Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of an individual which are needs for
their survival and existence which includes food, clothing, shelter,air and water etc.
 Safety needs-These are the next needs that comes under the hierarchy after satisfying the
basic needs. These are concerned important for the safety and protection of an employee
even at the workplace or in society (Li and et.al, 2019).
 Social needs- These needs determines the need of an individual to have good
interpersonal relation in the society and in the workplace. It helps an individual to have a
feeling of belongingness within friends and family.
 Esteem needs- It is concerned with the desire for self respect, recognition and respect
from others within society.
 Self actualisation needs- These are the highest order in the hierarchy of needs after all
the needs are satisfied. This include the needs for social service and meditation.
Theory X and Theory Y:
This theory is given by Douglas McGregor. These are based on the premises where
management are required to assemble all factors of production. This theory determines the
management techniques to motivate their employees grouped under Theory X and Theory Y.
Theory X: From this group of individuals the management uses authoritarian style which
involves a close check on each employees. It is a group of individuals which is lazy and dislikes
working. These individuals are self centred and indifferent towards the organisation objectives.
Hence, it is significant to keep a check and provide them with the direction to coordinate their
efforts to increase the overall productivity of an organisation.
Theory Y: The management uses an Participative style to regulate the efforts of the employees
which are self directed and self motivated to perform their efforts which results in achievement
of organisational objectives (Holt, Leukfeldt and van de Weijer, 2020). These human being are
ambitious and high on their creativity level to solve complex organisational problems which
helps the organisation to achieve their objectives or goals.
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ERG Motivation Theory:
This theory is introduced by Clayton Alderfer. According to this theory, a individual has
three core groups of their needs which are existence, relatedness and growth which are discussed
below-
 Existence: These are concerned with the basic human needs such as air, water, food and
shelter. It is basically our physiological and safety needs which is the priority of every
individual (Ulstad, Halvari and Deci, 2019).
 Relatedness: It focuses on having good interpersonal relationship and interactions with
other human being. This needs helps an individual to remain happy and satisfied as their
presence is being appreciated by other human beings.
 Growth: This needs focuses on personal development of an individual which includes
developing creativity and skills which helps an individual to perform their task and
activities with proficiency, which can help an organisation to achieve its objectives.
From the above discussion of various theories, it is suggest able for Morrisons to adopt
Theory X and Theory Y. As the operations of the organisations runs at a large level and to
regulate the operations properly it is necessary to have a efficient workforce. To determine the
productive and unproductive workforce , the company can conduct a sample study of the
employees while they are performing their task and taking corrective measures to regulate the
efforts of the employees towards the organisation goals.
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
To influence the behaviour of others, there are various motivational techniques and
theories which are being used by the organisation. The motivation can be categorised in two
kinds intrinsic and extrinsic . The adoption of motivational techniques depends on the workforce
which are existing at the workplace, which can help an organisation to direct the efforts of
individual which stimulate employees to perform their task with proficiency resulting in
achievement of organisational goal (Feitelberg, 2021).
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
It is crucial for an organisation to have a coordinative and cooperative workforce. This
will help an organisation to strengthen the efficiency and productivity of each individual. To
make a effective team it is essential, to understand the elements of effective and ineffective team.
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Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Goals The task are communicated,
understood and accepted by
each and every individual of
an organisation properly
(Levett-Jones, Palmer and
Wilson, 2019).
There is lack of proper
communication of tasks by the
leaders to their subordinated
resulting in non
accomplishment of goals.
Employees Contribution Effective teams focuses on
participation of all the
individuals in decisions which
help to enhance the
performance of employees.
It does not allow participation
of all the employees, there are
few individuals who dominates
the decision making as per
their perceptive.
Delegation of responsibility All the members of the team
are acknowledge about the
task they need to perform,
which helps the organisation to
have an effective operations
which increases the overall
productivity.
The task are not properly
communicated to the
employees which results in
overlapping and non
completion of task at specified
time , resulting in loss of
productivity of an
organisation.
Conflict Resolution All the conflicts are resolved
properly by giving sufficient
chances to all the individuals
to explain their reasons.
All the members are
suppressed by the leaders
which results in war between
the team members which
results in communication gap
in the organisation (Pojednic
and et.al, 2021).
Self evaluation The members of an
organisation are conscious
about the operations and that
The members of the team are
non motivated to take part in
the operations of the
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are taking place within an
organisations which allows the
organisation to have efficiency
in their operations.
enterprises which leads a
decrease in the productivity of
the overall organisation.
With reference to Morrisons, the organisation should have effective team to manage their
operations, it helps the organisation top solve their problems which helps an organisation to
improve their performance and to bring efficiency in their outcomes (Sullivan and et.al, 2022). It
will help an organisation to manage risks and bring innovations in their organisation which
results in long term competitive advantage.
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
cooperation within effective teams.
Cooperation and coordination in the efforts of the employees help the organisation to
build effective teams which helps in increasing the overall productivity of the organisation.
There are various relevant team and group development theories which helps the organisation to
develop a competent workforce within an organisation. To develop cooperation Tuck man team
development theory is adopted which is proposed by psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965. This
theory explains the stages of development which discussed as follows-
 Forming: The team get to learn about the opportunities and threats and agree to tackle
the different tasks. At this stage, members explore both personal and group goals. They
are trying to make interrelationship between the different members and try to learn and
understand the task and goals of the organisation effectively.
 Storming: This stage is also known as power struggle. The team begins to address the
task suggesting ideas, which can be a destructive stage as well because of clashes
between the employees and their relationships with each other. But, if the task are allotted
properly then it may lead for accomplishment of task and objectives within the specified
time (Ten Have and et.al, 2018).
 Norming: After allocation of task there are one or more leaders that are being assigned
with the task with the task to handle the team efforts and direct them towards the
achievement of organisational goals. This is the stage where the team starts to coordinate
and collaborate their efforts.
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 Performing: This stage determines where the team members look for the way through
which they can maximise their strength and minimise the strength of their competitors to
attain a competitive market share. All the team members are motivated at this stage and
try to achieve their efforts collectively (Malik, Sarwar and Orr, 2021).
 Adjourning: When a particular team is formed for an specific purpose then it can lead
the team to move into an adjourning stage. At this stage the team members must feel
interrelated and they shall have a sense of loss and their motivation must decline. The
team members must recognise each other efforts and celebrate the accomplishments
together.
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational context
and given business situation.
To maintain a positive environment within an organisation it is essential to motivate and
build a attitude of the members towards achievement of organisational objectives. To regulate
the efforts of the efforts of the individual there are various concept and philosophies of
organisational behaviour which are discussed below-
Path goal theory of Leadership:
This theory describes the leader style and behaviour which is significant to understand
the work environment which is useful for achievement of goals. It also emphasis on motivation
and satisfaction of the employees which increases the overall productivity. There is diversity in
peoples and nature of organisation which is to be considered by the organisation appropriately. It
is based on the premise which determines how the leaders behaviour impacts satisfaction,
motivation and performance of employees by boosting the morale of the individuals. There are
four types of leader behaviour within an organisation which are discussed as follows:
 Achievement oriented: It is a style of leadership that focuses on fulfilling the needs of
the group members which can help an organisation to ultimately achieve their results
within a specified time period (Stephenson, 2018). This type of leadership is common in
professional work where all of them share the same kind of tasks with helps the
organisation to prioritize the efforts of all individuals towards a common objective. With
reference to Morrisons, It is beneficial to have shared efforts and tasks with help the
organisation to coordinate the efforts together and to bring efficiency in the performance
of the employees by motivating and making them feel satisfied.
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 Directive path goal clarifying: It is a style of leadership which focuses on establishing a
action of plans and efforts for the different employees which helps an organisation to
make their efforts directed towards achievement of organisation objectives. Establishing
of plans in advance will help the members to perform their tasks properly because they
are being acknowledge in advance. It heps the team members to make strategies and
changes as and when required effectively without effecting the performance of the
individuals (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). In order to have directed and motivated
workforce it is crucial to give rewards and incentives to their employees to appreciate the
performance within an organisation. With reference to Morrisons, to manage the
performance of workforce it is essential to make plans which can direct the efforts of all
the employees towards a common objectives and does not lead to overlapping of the
efforts.
 Supportive: It is a leadership style where leader does not delegate their tasks but also
supports their employees until the task is being completed. It helps the leaders to
minimise the need of supervision in the future as they build the skills and talent within
their employees while they are being assigned with a task. This kind of leadership
focuses on treating their employees with loyalty and dignity. It helps the organisation to
have a competent workforce even in the circumstances of changes taking place in the
environment. In context to Morrisons, the organisation should focus on establishing a
supportive work culture which helps it to retain their workers and have satisfied and
motivated individuals which helps the organisation to improve their productivity.
 Participative: It is kind of leadership style where all the employees are involved in
taking decisions for the organisation. It is also known as a democratic leadership as
management encourage all the employees to perform their task effectively and efficiently.
There are various kinds of participative management depending on the organisation
which includes consensus participative leadership, collective leadership,democratic and
autocratic leadership (Sharma, Singh and Sharma, 2020).This kind of leadership styles
helps to increase the morale of the individuals which results in engagement of employees,
boost their morale and foster collaboration with in an organisation and many more
benefits. In context to Morrisons, the Company should make engagement of their
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employees in the decision making process which helps to achieve their objectives and
tasks and acquire a good market share.
M4 Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour within a
given business situation.
Managing the behaviour of individual is an important aspect for an organisation as it
increase the productivity and profitability of an organisation. From the above discussion of Tuck
man theory it is established that having effective leadership styles will enable the organisation to
mange their performance of task efficiently. Leaders of an organisation are responsible for the
proper allocation of resources and tasks. In order to increase the productivity of an organisation
requires the individual to feel motivated and determined towards the organisation objectives as
human resources are the most significant resources and they are the one which are being
assigned with the task of performing the actions on which the overall existence and growth
depends that is productivity and profitability that enables to achieve a competitive advantage.
CONCLUSION
From the following report it is concluded that an organisation operations are both
exciting and complex in nature. Various components and factors affect the performance of an
organisation which can be an opportunity and threat to enhance personal and efficiency. This
report will include the influence of culture, power and politics on individual and team behaviour.
It also includes the role of different motivational theories and techniques that help an
organisation to motivate the employees to improve their efforts. Organisation behaviour is
managing the behaviour of the individuals , interpersonal communication and more. An
evaluation of all these factors results in achievement of organisational objectives.
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