Organisational Behaviour and Performance

The assignment report concludes that identifying individual behaviour is essential for effective task delegation. A manager should use power to benefit the corporation and motivate workers using content and process theory. The study outlines concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour, helping businesses manage employees on a mutual level.

Organisational Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Influence of culture, power and politics in the organisation.................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theory of motivation..............................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3. Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.....................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour........................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour provide help to understand the behaviour of individuals in the
corporation. Understanding employees’ attitude is important for the organisation so that it can
delegate the work according to it. To understand this concept better 1spatial company has chosen
which deals in computer software and it belongs to United Kingdom. The main aim of this
project is to analyse the culture & organisational behaviour of corporation. Study will be focused
on following topics that is analysis of impact of culture, politics & power, theories and
techniques of motivation, difference among effective team and ineffective team. Apart from this
it is discuss about the concepts and philosophies which are associated to business.
TASK 1
P1. Influence of culture, power and politics in the organisation
Organisational behaviour is a management activity which is helpful to analyse the human
behaviour in organisation. In company individuals comes from distinct background & they have
different working style so it is important to identify the behaviour of people so that work can be
done effectively and as per the need of corporation.
Culture:
Culture in an organisation is a constitution of certain traditions, customers, values,
beliefs and practices prevailed in an organisation. In context with 1spatial, company HR manager
is obliged to undertake effective measures as to create positive and enthusiastic work culture.
Healthy work culture leads towards remarkable job performance of employees and assists timely
achievements of goals and objectives. Along with this it results in increasing team performance
efficiency and ensures high end outputs.
Influence of culture:
Organisational culture involves beliefs, rules and values which is require to be follow by
the workers. 1Spatial has its own culture which is essential to be follow so that work can be
accomplish as per need of company. Influence of culture can be understanding with the help of
Handy's organisational culture theory which is based on:
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Figure 1: Handy's organisational culture theory
(Source: Wood and et. al., 2012)
Power culture: The power is vested in the hands of top authority of 1spatial and they take
important decisions for the growth of company. Management is responsible to manage and
control the operations of organisation by using its power as per the need of culture.
Role culture: In this type of culture role is predetermined by the manager of 1spatial and it
delegates the roles as per the skills and knowledge of employees so that work can be done
effectively and corporation can achieve its targets (Wood and et. al. 2012).
Task culture: In this type of organisational culture corporation makes team to identify particular
issue or problem. The leader decides the role of employees as per their capabilities and skills and
on the basis of it task is delegated so that targets can be accomplish as per the requirement of
1spatial. It is beneficial to maximize the efficiency and productivity.
Person culture: In this type of culture workers gives importance to its work & they do not
much concern about the organisation. Employees comes to perform their respective roles and
they do not worry about other staffs or members who work in the company. This culture type of
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culture can be seen in 1spatial because management involves in discrimination activities so there
was a differentiation on the basis of pay scale and gender inequality. As a result, employees are
not happy with the corporation and they focus to their own work and does not worry about other
team members in the organisation.
Hofstede’s Theory:
It is a framework in an organisation for cross culture communication. This theory was
coined by Professor Geert Hofstede in which identification of Six dimensions are covered. As
per this theory, power distance index is measures to effectively distribute power within
organisation. With the help of this theory leaders and managers of 1spatial can effectively able to
evaluate cross culture relation in their organisation as to understand differences in behaviour.
Power:
It is an authority in an organisation possessed by an individual within company as to
persuade other persons towards high growth and more opportunities. With the implementation of
positive power in an organisation 1spatial can effectively able to encourage its workers as to
effective achievement of goals and objectives. Positive power results in enhancing job
performance of employees within an organisation culture and stimulates their productivity.
French & raven's power in context to organisational behaviour
As per this concept power can influence the behaviour of staffs in the company. In
1spatial manager has all power to take decisions and manage the operations of business. By
using its power management create discrimination on the basis of gender inequality and pay
scale so that workers are not happy with this type behaviour. They feel depress and want to quit
the organisation because this type of behaviour and management.
Legitimate power: As per this concept higher authority of organisation takes the
decisions and in 1spatial, power is vested in the hands of manager and it makes plans and
policies which are associated to the organisation (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013).
Reward power: This power has used by the management to encourage the employees so
that they can work better. It involves monetary and non-monetary benefits. The manager of
1spatial can use this power to motivates staffs so that they can perform as per the need of
company as a result efficiency and productivity can be enhanced.
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Referent power: It is that power in which individuals have an ability to influence others
by its extraordinary qualities and skills and attract other persons towards them. In context to
1spatial manager can use this power to influence and motivates its employees so that they can
work better as per the need of company.
Politics:
Politics in a workplace is a procedure and manners that involves power and authority in
order to achieve benefits. Politics is done in an organisation as to increase power and accomplish
other embattled objectives. Politics if prevailed in an organisation in a healthy way can leads
towards healthy work environment, flexible working hours and effective employee’s
performance. While in a negative politics employees can adversely affected by discrimination
and inequality which results in lowering down their job performances.
In context with 1spatial company opted for positive politics in order to foster employee
motivation towards effective accomplishment of goals.
Chanlat's theory of political behaviour
In the corporation politics can be seen and it impact the company in positive as well as
negative aspects. Generally higher authority involves in political activities in the organisation.
Chanlat's theory of political behaviour focuses towards the potentially positive aspects of certain
forms of political conflict. In 1spatial, there was conflict which is based on gender inequality and
pay scale. The management of corporation involves in political activities and by making
differentiation among the staffs. In this organisation pay scale was distinct for men and women
so from this behaviour employees were not happy and feel demotivated and want to quit the
company. The discrimination by management among firm led to politics and differentiation
among employee which hampered working environment for some of staff members. (Wong and
Ngo, 2012).
Politicking: Politicking is mainly related to utilization of power and information to gain
advantages and accomplish certain goals and objectives. It is a method to expand existing power
and network within organisation structure. Politicking results in gaining more control of
organisational culture in order to develop right image. This can adversely affect workers
productivity and thus results in creating conflicts among work groups which can decrease overall
profitability of company.
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TASK 2
P2 Content and process theory of motivation
To encourage the employees is necessary so that they can work effectively and fulfil its
goals. Motivation is a technique which can be used by the management to influence the workers
so that they can perform as per the need of company.
Content theory emphasis on internal factors that energize and focuses to need of
motivation to the persons in the corporation. It based upon the needs of an employee’s that's why
it is known as need theory. By using this theory manager of 1spatial can motivate the staffs so
that they provide help to accomplish the objectives of company. It involves:
Maslows Hierarchy of need theory: It is introducing by Abraham Maslow and this
theory emphasis on mainly five needs which are required to be satisfy so that employees feel
motivated. As a result, they can perform as per the desire of organisation and help to achieve the
goals of corporation.
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Illustration 1: Maslows Hierarchy of need theory
(Source: Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory, 2018)
Physiological need: To survive in life this is essential need for the individuals. It involves food,
water, breathing, sleep etc. The management of 1spatial focuses to fulfil these needs of workers
so that feel happy, motivated and satisfied. Company pantry facilities and clean water to the
workers so that this need can be fulfilled. (Robbins and Boyle, 2013).
Safety need: The management is responsible to take care of this need and the manager of
1spatial is responsible to provide healthy and safe working environment to the staffs so that they
feel safe and secure. The firm has complied to standards of occupational health and safety which
helps the management in managing safe working environment for all employees.
Social need: To satisfy this need is essential for the organisation and it involves friendship,
belongingness and care. The manager of 1spatial organises regular informal session with the
motive of managing friendly with the workers as a result they feel comfortable and motivates
and can share their problems easily which they are facing at work place. So, efficiency and
effectiveness can be maximizing and corporation can achieve its targets.
Esteem need: This need involves self-respect, confidence, achievement, respect, etc. The
manager of 1spatial is responsible to fulfil esteem need of their staffs as a result they feel
motivated and put its maximum efforts to achieve the targets of company. The management
organises appreciation session which develops confidence in the workers as a result they can
work more effectively.
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Self-Actualization: It is the responsibility of 1spatial to make sure that employees are placed for
those positions which they deserve and it is helpful to motivate the workers. So, theses
motivational theories can be used by the organisation to encourage the workers so that they feel
comfortable and put maximum efforts to achieve the goals of company. Firm can solve the
problems of workers and also supports internal recruitment which is helpful to manage self-
actualization. (Mahembe and Engelbrecht, 2014).
Herzberg;s Two Factor Theory:
As per according to this theory there are some elements in an organisation which can
effectively able to motivate employees as to perform their roles with more effectiveness.
Mentioned below there are some factors that are also termed as hygiene factors:
Hygiene Factors:
These are basic physiological needs which are required to be fulfilled by an organisation.
In context with 1spatial HR manager by using this theory can effectively motivate employees to
work with more enthusiasm.
Working environment:
1spatial Hr managers focuses on providing more healthy working culture to their
employees that includes, proper cleanliness, safety and security and basic hygiene facilities.
Along with this company also uses new techniques and tools to give proper satisfactory working
environment to their workers.
Motivational Factors:
In order to increase employee performance and productivity level it is essential for an
organisation to implement effective motivational tools in their working structure. It will not only
aid workers to increase their productivity but also benefit 1spatial to maximise their overall
profitability.
Rewards and Recognition:
HR manager of 1spatial effectively monitor each of the company employee performance
level regularly as offer them benefits and rewards as to drive them towards more effectiveness.
Organisation takes advantages of monitory and non monitory benefits to give rewards to their
employees.
Process theory
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Process theory is a system of ideas which states that how a company changes & develops.
These theories are contracted with variance theories which are the system of ideas & that defines
the variance in a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. It involves
vroom expectancy theory that is describe below:
Vroom expectancy theory:
In the year 1964 this theory has introduced and the main aim of this theory is to minimize
pain & maximise pleasure. As per this vroom expectancy theory there is positive correlation
among performance and the efforts. To motivate and satisfy the desires of workers 1spatial can
apply this theory which is based upon three things such as:
Valence: This theory states that it is essential that persons should places upon the
expected results. If workers of 1spatial are only satisfy with the monetary incentives than
manager of company should not force the employees for non-monetary incentives to encourage
or motivate the staffs.
Expectancy: It is the responsibility of management to satisfy the expectations of workers
and manager of 1spatial can provide training to the employees according to their needs &
expectations which is helpful to develop the capabilities and skills.
Instrumentality: It is the perception of workers about whether they will actually get,
what they desire, even though it is promised by the management. In context to 1spatial, manager
can fulfil the promises which made by him to motivate and satisfy their staffs.
With the help of these theories’ organisation can motivate its employees so that they feel
motivated and perform their roles and duties as per the need of 1spatial. As a result, work can be
done effectively which brings higher productivity. To encourage the staff’s management can
provide rewards and incentives to the employees on the basis of their job performance and
achievement of the specified targets. To motivate the workers company, provide incentives
which is based on performance and it encourage the staffs to perform better so that they can get
incentives which is promised by management.
TASK 3
P3. Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In the growth and success of organisation teams plays an important role and they put their
maximum efforts to achieve the targets which are predetermined. There are mainly two types of
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team can be seen which are effective team & ineffective team. The effective team understand its
responsibility and on the basis of this it performs the roles and duties for the benefit of
corporation. The ineffective team is that in which group members are confident that they are able
to achieve the targets or not (Hyde and Boaden, 2013).
Effective Team: In the structure of effective team goals and objectives are clearly defined to
each and every individual in a team with a careful time control. In this type of team culture there
is a little interruptions and distractions. In addition with this, equal participation and equal
distribution of power are balanced in this team culture.
Ineffective Team: In the structure of ineffective team structure, there is a lack of communication
which results in undefined goals and objectives to team members. In this there is a formal way of
decision making without the involvement of team members.
Types of team in the organisation
Functional team: A functional team is a group of persons with a common functional expertise
working towards shared goal. This type of team benefits an organisation, with accomplish
project in a proper given time with improved quality.
Virtual team: The members of this team work together from different geographic locations and
depend upon technology such as: email, video conferencing etc. In this team, individuals belongs
to different culture, language and local priorities but work towards a common goal.
Project team: In this type of team all members work in a same project and put their maximum
efforts to complete it as per the stipulated time frame. In project team, individuals come together
to accomplish a particular project and its completion team get dispersed.
Difference between effective and ineffective team are as follows:
Effective team Ineffective team
The members of effective team work with
shared perspective towards same goals
regardless of differences.
The come team members of ineffective team
do not able to perform as per the desire of
organisation.
Persons of effective team follow the
instructions of team leader as a result work can
be done effectively. In effective team
communication is better and each information
Team members of this team does not listen the
instructions of leaders as a result work cannot
be done effectively.
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has circulated to all members of company.
In this type of team group members support
each other’s so that targets can be accomplish
according to the desire of 1Spatial.
In this type of team persons focuses to achieve
their own targets and they does not much
concern about other people.
Tuckman team building theory
This theory has developed in 1965 and it focuses on effective team development in the
corporation. Its emphasis that how a team handle the project or task for the initial stage to the
final stage of project. 1Spatial can use different methods of team development which are
describe as below:
Forming: This is the first stage in which team has formed by the management to identify
the specific tasks. The management of 1Spatial can make team and give instructions to perform
the particular task as per the requirement so that objectives can be fulfilled.
Storming: In this stage team members shows their trust on each other because they come
from different background and culture. So, manager of 1Spatial conduct team building sessions
in which employees can know each other which is helpful to complete the task as per the
requirements (Fuchs and Edwards, 2012).
Norming: Under this stage, group persons need to resolve issues such as respect their
team leader. The manager of 1Spatial engage team members through different activities and
basically management try to solve the conflicts among the employees and make them aware
about the objectives of corporation.
Performing: In this stage team members perform the roles and duties which are decided
by the company and put their maximum efforts to complete the task effectively. So that manager
of 1Spatial is responsible to ensure that targets has fulfilled as per the need.
Adjourning: It is the last stage in which team has adjourn because objective has
achieved for which team has formed and all employees now engage in their respective task.
Belbin’s Theory:
Plant:
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This is one of the most imperative role in which management of a company is having a
responsibility to adopt certain tools and techniques to accomplish organisational objectives in
effective way.
Resource allocator:
As per according to this role, management of company have responsibility to allocate
require proper fund, labours and resources as to accomplish objectives in a effective way.
Co-ordinator:
This is one of the most important role in Belbin;s theory as in this, managers effectively
make employees aware about their actual roles and objectives and guide them in a way to
accomplish that goals with more effectiveness.
Shaper:
In this role of Belbin’s theory duties are allotted to team members. This will aid managers
of company to easily evaluate employee’s performance level within team.
Monitor evaluator:
In this, company top level management effectively monitor semployee’s performance as
to maximise their efficiency level.
Teamwork:
In this role of Belbin’s theory, individuals within organisation perform their role in a
team as to accomplish common goal of organisation along with effective utilization of company
resources. This helps in increasing team member’s productivity.
Implementer:
In this role, organisation takes advantages of various models and theories in order to
make overall working structure more effective.
Complete:
In this role of Belbin’s theory team members effectively perform their roles and
responsibilities in an appropriate manner along with this they work with a great enthusiasm as to
offer quality service to their customers.
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TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Organisational behaviour is based on a few fundamental concepts and philosophies which
revolves around the nature of the people and organisations. These concepts and philosophies
followed by organisational acts as guide for development of behaviours of human resources
working in 1Spatial company. Some of the philosophies are as follows:
Autocratic: In this philosophy leader takes the important decisions and does not involve their
subordinates in the decision-making process. In accordance with this philosophy the firm
believes that employee need to controlled for managing boost in individual performance.
Supportive: In this philosophy leader support the subordinates and team members provide
suggestions to the leader so that better decision can be taken for the growth of company. In
accordance with this Philosophy 1Spatial aim at maintaining motivation of workers to attain
business goals.
Custodial: As per this philosophy manager can motivate the workers by providing salary and
wages so that their interest can be protected and If 1Spatial follow this concept that employees
will satisfy with the corporation and does not leave it.
Path Goal Theory:
This theory is based on specifying a leader's style or behaviour that best fits the employee
and work environment in order to achieve goals. In this theory goals are set to increase
motivation, empowerment and satisfaction who are working with 1Spatial organisation. This
theory uses three basic steps such as-
 Identifying employees and organisational strengths and characteristics.
 Choosing best suitable leadership style that helps in achievement of organisational goals.
 Focus on motivational factor that can influence workforce of the organisation to achieve
set goals (Coccia and Cadario, 2014).
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Figure 2: Path goal theory
(Source: Robbins and et.al, 2013)
Aim of this theory is to increase motivation of employees and empowers them to achieve
set business objectives of 1Spatial keeping in mind individual difference, perception, mutual
interest, etc. Various leadership style that are used by 1Spatial to focus on concepts of OB are
with help of Path goal theory which is discussed below:
Directive Leadership: As per this style of leadership leaders gives clear instructions
regarding objectives and expectations to employees of 1Spatial. This leadership style gives
productive results when task that needs to be performed is complex and workforce is unskilled
and inexperienced to perform that task.
Supportive leadership: This leadership helps in building and maintaining interpersonal
relationships between managers and employees of 1Spatial. Manager and leader of the
organisation is quite friendly and wins loyalty of its followers in the organisation. This is most
effective style to resolve various issue and helps in having a healthy environment all over the
organisation.
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Participative Leadership: This is also termed as democratic leadership style. In these
leaders of 1Spatial invites employees to take part in decision making for various organisational
issues. Motivated behaviour of leader encourages the workers to perform better. Leaders of
1Spatial well get more innovative ideas by inviting other individuals in decision making (Chumg
and et. al. 2016).
Achievement Oriented Leadership: In this style of leadership managers and leaders set
challenging goals which is for mutual interest of employee and employer and high performance
is expected from employees of 1Spatial. Management of the organisation possess high level of
confidence in ability of workforce to achieve set goals. This style is best suited for quarterbacks
to use on other team members. For the employees it is necessary to follow the ethics so that task
can be perform as per the need of company.
Path Goal Theory effectiveness for Team Performance:
Path goal theory will effectively benefit a leader to clear a path so their subordinates can easily
able to accomplish their goals. With the help of this theory leaders can able to clarify outset
project objectives and develop a road map and illustrate the same to individuals in a team with
the help of which team members can able to complete their goals within a proper time frame.
1spatial leaders can take advantage of this theory in their team culture as to set goals and support
their team members. This will benefit team members to achieve their objectives with more
effectiveness and stimulate their growth while increasing productivity.
Contingency Theory:
. This theory was coined by Fielder’s according to this theory; there are some certain situation
that affects relationship in between independent variable and dependent variable within
organisation. 1spatial by taking advantage of this theory can effectively able to understand their
leadership abilities to influence and inspire employees. Further leaders by implementing certain
tools and techniques in their leadership style can able to work in an effective manner as to solve
a problem as per according to a situation. This will benefit. 1spatial to maximise their team
performance and maximise organisational productivity.
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CONCLUSION
As from the above report, it has been concluded that it is essential for an organisation to
identify the behaviour of individuals so that task can be delegated on the basis of it. The manager
of company is responsible to follow effective culture and use the power for the benefit of
corporation. To motivate the workers content and process theory can be used by the
management. Further, the study outline concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
which helps the business in managing nature of organisation as well employee on mutual level.
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Online
Maslows Hierarchy of need theory. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.virtualprojectconsulting.com/maslow-theory-of-motivation/>
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