Organisational Behaviour: Influence on Individual and Team Behaviours and Performance

This report explores the influence of organisational culture on individual and team behaviours and performance, using Sainsbury as a case study. It discusses motivation theories and techniques, and highlights the difference between effective and ineffective teams.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 How organisational culture influence individual and team behaviours and performance......3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................5
P2 Motivation theories and Motivational techniques..................................................................5
LO3..................................................................................................................................................9
P3 Difference between effective and ineffective team...............................................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
P4 Concept and Philosophies of Organisational Behaviour ....................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organisational Behaviour emphasis the human behaviour in an organisation. This theory
depict the behaviour of a human in the working condition of an company. This study links
human behaviour directly with the working environment of the firm (Omole, Oladundoye and
Oyetunji-Alemede, 2019). Main aspect of OB is to provide a quality working environment in
which an employee can express the best ability he possess. A positive OB structure will always
help to organisation to achieve its industrial goals. In this report Sainsbury is taken as an
organisation which retail company since 1884. It specialises in selling high quality clothing, food
products and home products. Sainsbury started their business in U.K and now they become the
leading brand in retail sector as a result of quality working condition and a positive working
environment. Currently Sainsbury acquires 959 stores across the U.K. including 615 only
dealing in food products. This study focuses on how an organisational behaviour can influence
the entire Firm. This report also discusses about all the important aspects of company behaviour
and its effect on the profitability of the firm. It also include the difference between effective team
and ineffective team based on OB.
MAIN BODY
LO 1
P1 How organisational culture influence individual and team behaviours and performance
Organisational culture of Sainsbury are subjected to adopt changes very faster. Sainsbury
follows the culture for enhancing the customers and called customers drive. It is about the efforts
which is implemented by the businesses for the improvement in market researches, recruiting
eligible people, better customer services etc. all such things help Sainsbury in developing their
market value. Simultaneously the firm culture impacts a lot, company works in terms to adopt
new culture which should be different from the previous one.
To understand the organisational culture firstly need to understand the Handy's Cultural
topology because it is considered as the benchmark for the company in cultural model structure.
There are four types of culture
Power culture
It allows only few people to take the authorization power in their hands, and they enjoy it.
As they have position and power in them they take important decisions. These people are
considered as the privileged ones in the firm as they have power with them. These people have to

pay important roles and responsibilities as they are authoritative bodies. They have to distribute
the duties to other employees in the working environment. In this culture other people do not
have the right to speak and present their views. They just have to follow the instructions.
Task culture
This culture is based on team performance. Team work is analysed in terms of resolving
the issues faced during the task, their target achievement, their performances, efforts are
considered (Muhonen, Jönsson and Bäckström, 2017). As they employees participated in
achieving the target, they get the opportunity to contribute in the task so it equals in each and
every manner. People can take stands, express their views and accomplish the tasks by using
innovative ideas.
Person culture
In this culture the individual motive is mainly concerned. Person works for himself, he
doesn't care about company. Individual is more concerned about its own profit, while it may loss
the organisation. So such kind of persona at workplace leads to failure.
Role culture
This culture is based on the employees efficiency and eligibility. The employees are
recruited or selected according to their educational qualification and specialisation of the
employee, so they are assigned the task or job roles and responsibilities according to their
capability.
Sainsbury changes their policies and environment of the firm. As they try to improve in
their business. Company adopted new cultural policy in their workplace which should justify the
morals, values, beliefs and ethics of the Organization culture. To improve in the working
environment and achieving new milestones in systematic approach.
Impact of the Power and politics on the company behaviour
The organisational culture influenced by the changes in the power and polices in the
external environment. They are affected due to Brexit because the political situation has
changed, government has changed their policies, they have to suffer a lot from such confusing
condition. Sainsbury withdraws from the global market that time (Kakabadse and Bank, 2018).
It losses the company a lot, so they need to make new business strategies and follow them in
terms to achieve the target and move forward to international market.

Company changes their Organisational culture they consider the flat structure at their
workplaces which follows the roles culture and task culture in terms of the working. Adopting
such changes leads to re-organise the teams, individual and managerial authorities. As they
imply new culture in their firm it took the growth. Its global expansion speeds up and profit is
increased. Employees are appointed according to their educational qualification and
specialisation which helps the company to use their talent at needed place like they can apply
their knowledge and previous experiences to resolve the issues. In team, employees work freely
they can analyse the problems and gives suggestion to each other, as they work with mutual
understanding it leads to cooperation in the team. So the productivity is increases teams can work
with more efforts and practices. This gives them the idea to handle the situation in the future.
They adopted new strategies like how they can minimise the cost of raw material, labours,
machinery and enhances the productivity in available resources. So they can share or express
their views and also they can share their innovative idea which are helpful for the company. As
the individual person get a chance to show the talent they take this opportunity very seriously
and work with full efforts.
As the politics in organisational culture is lower down due to the changes in culture all
the employees get the chance and each worker can step forward to work with enthusiasm.
Politics at workplace is common, so adopting the new culture helps to prevent from this. All such
factors influence the quality of work and growth in the global market. Sainsbury aims to provide
products and services at minimum cost to the customers (Askool, 2018). So it is needed that
organizational culture should be healthier.
LO2
P2 Motivation theories and Motivational techniques
Content theory refers the concept which explain that people’s needs become change
according to time. Content theory is specially designed to accomplish team needs. In this theory
includes various motivation concepts such as Maslow theory, Herzberg's etc. To motivate
employees in company leader follows Maslow theory.
Maslow theory: It is also known as hierarchy of needs theory which is based on basic needs. This
theory includes five employees needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, social needs,
esteem needs and self-actualization needs etc. through these needs' manager of company enable
to satisfy employees which leads high productivity of employees at workplace. Needs are-

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS: it is basic needs of employees where manager provides air
conditioning sitting to employees so that they focus on their work (Mitonga-Monga, and Cilliers,
2016). Manger provides water and coffee facilities to employees so that they don't get distract
and enables to work intently. Such kind facilities make happy to employees.
SAFETY NEEDS: Job security, compensation security, health and safe environment etc. are
safety needs. Manager of company offers job security to employees which leads satisfaction in
employees from job. Beside of this manager provides safety at workplace so that number of
employees can work safely and gives better performance at workplace. Company offers health
insurance policies to employees where all medical charges are paid by firm of employees (Kang
and Lee, 2017). Thus, it keeps safety employees along with their family. Beside of this
organization offers incentives or compensation security to employees which motivate employee's
to retain in company and gives honest performance at workplace.
SOCIAL NEEDS: Friendly atmosphere, love, affection, employees relational etc. are social
needs. Manager provides friendly atmosphere to employees at workplace so that their well-being
is maintained at workplace. Firm also supports teamwork of employees so that organization gets
delegated task on time. Manager also allow them to discuss their issues regarding job time or
financial which builds good relation with employees and eliminates conflicts. Thus, kind
atmosphere leads satisfaction in employee and raises productivity of employee at workplace.
SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS: Respect, appreciation, achievement, recognition etc. are crucial needs
which promote employee to retain in company. For example incentives motivate employees but
beside of this respect and appreciation makes them more motivate and enhance confidence of
employees. Through confidence employees tries to give the best performance at workplace.
Thus, organization offers self-esteem to employees in company which leads encouragement
regarding their job (Corfield and Paton, 2016).
SELF ACTULIZATION: Physiological, social, safety and self-esteem etc. leads satisfaction in
employee's regarding their jobs. Organization fulfil, all needs of employees so that they give the
best performance at workplace and retain for long time in company.

Process theory
Process theory refers a system of creativity which describes physiological and
behavioural changes of human being. It is also a motivation theory which is specially used to
understand employees behaviour and to accomplishes team needs in company. It includes
various theories such as equality theory, expectancy theory and the Porter Lawler model
(Akgunduz, Dalgic and Kale, 2016). Organization follows Equality theory in company so that
individual motivates and assists to achieve organization goal.
Equality theory: A approach which keeps justice between performance and reward to analyse
others. In simple term organization keeps balance between input and output. Thus, equality
theory supports organization to gain employees trust and achieve organization goals in minimum
time. For example mass and suspense organization provides friendly atmosphere to employees at
Illustration 1: Maslow Theory Model
Source: (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory)

workplace as result it leads high productivity of employees at workplace. Organization offers
flexible working hour to employees as result employee's give complete task on organization.
Through such kind facility organization enables to get high profitability in company. Company
provides health and job security to employee's as result organization enables to take personal
sacrifices during workload such as extra time. Employee gives good performance at workplace
during workload time as result organization offers incentive or bonus to employees which
motivate employees to give the best performance and works honestly at workplace (Slack,
Corlett and Morris, 2015). Organization gives pension after retirement which leads satisfaction in
employees along with family regarding job. Manager organizes skills development classes while
employees gives their participation and learn new skills so that they perform better at workplace.
Manger involves employee's in decision-making as result employees participate and gives
creative ideas which can supports in company for expand company in business market. Thus,
both employees and organization maintains them by performing and offering. This model leads
loyalty between employee and organization and enhance good relation between them. Through
this model Sainsbury company achieve organization mission.
Motivation Techniques
Those techniques which supports company to achieve long term goal and motivate
employee for short time. There are various motivation t6echniques which inspires employees and
retain in company. Techniques are-
Illustration 2: Equality
Theory
Source : (Equity Theory of Motivation)

COMMUNICATE: Communication is important technique to motivate employees at workplace
because it is a basic platform to establish good relation with employees. This technique also
supports to reduce conflict between employee and management.
REWARD: Sainsbury company applies this strategy to motivate employee at workplace where
organization offers different type of rewards so that employees well-being present at workplace.
Organization offers incentive as reward which encourages employee to give the best
performance in organization (Grobler, 2016).
SHARE PROFIT TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE: Sainsbury share profit along with
incentives it inspires employees to enhance business income so that employee gets chance to
earning more money in company. Through this technique organization gives value to employees
and gains organization vision in minimum time.
LO3
P3 Difference between effective and ineffective team
A effective team is a team which can work effectively and conduct their operations in
every circumstances. Effective team is the only reason behind the success of every organisation.
Effective team always create some value addition to the company. Effective team always work
as per the guidelines of the organisation. To achieve goals it is necessary to have a team which
can give you the boost by their operations. But there are certain factors which can make team of
Sainsbury an effective and ineffective (Searle and Rice, 2018). A company always seek for a
human resource which can stand by their firm even in negative environment. A good firm
behaviour always attract to a quality work force. Being an organisation it always look for a work
force which can think for the betterment of the company (Boddy, 2015). A quality work force
always require a quality working environment in which a human being can work positively.
Work force for every company works as the soul of the organisation because they are the one
who is working on behalf of the industry, so as it is needed to keep the work force happy. Some
factors work as the result of effective team:
Stability
An effective team always bring stability in the working environment . Every organisation
to work efficiently needs to have a stable working condition within such firm. Market is not
certain market condition will always fluctuate in its own manner and the role of effective team

comes into the power when the market condition is not in your favour. Effective team will
always help to keep the moral of the company high even in difficult situation.
In case of ineffective team it create adverse effect on company's stability (Kujala, Lehtimäki and
Pučėtaitė, 2016). Ineffectiveness will always affect the company's internal environment .
Ineffectiveness can ruin company's inner straining that will directly affect the company's
stability.
Build Trust
Effective team will always generate trust of the society for the organization. They will
always work in the context of the betterment of the firm. They will always keep their self interest
away whole doing company's operation and they will always think about polishing the brand
image of the industry.
Ineffective team can influence the trust of the people for the organisation (Maitland, Hills and
Rhind, 2015) Ineffective team will never work in the favour of the company and the kind of
effect they will put will surely impact the company's brand image .
Training and development:
Training will create an effective work force for the organisation. Training program will
straighten the capabilities of the employees in the firm (Oluwatunmise and et.al., 2019) Training
will give a boast to the skills of the work force and that will help in achieving company's growth
target.
Infective team will never look for training program properly . They will never put efforts in
improving their working standards (Scott and et.al., 2018). Sometimes the ineffective team
influence the whole training seasons and as a result of that the efforts put into conducting such
sessions also look wasted as well.
In order to develop a cooperation among the team Sainsbury can use a Tuckman's Model
of team development.(Wu, 2015) This model focusses on a complete team building process that
includes all the fundamental requirement which a good team should possess. This model is
helpful because it include all the basic factors which require in the formation of a good team.
This model of team building includes:
Forming

This is the first stage of team development. In the forming process Sainsbury employees
can understand each other behaviours. They can understand about each employees expectations
from the Sainsbury .
Storming
In the process of storming all the members in the group starts thinking about their role
in the team. In this process the employee of Sainsbury can improve their coordination by
resolving the issues amongst each other.
Norming
This is the third stage in team development. In the process of Norming they set their
individual group goals and they try to make policies to achieve such goals. At this level all the
conflicts amongst the employee must have been resolved and the team must have been
strengthen their bonding amongst each other.
Performing
In this process members try to perform their tasks. They will create strategies in this
process so they can achieve their target. This stage of team building process includes all the
factor through which Sainsbury can work successfully in the corporative environment . This is
basically the sole essence of the whole team building process (Xuereb, 2015). Sainsbury
employee must have learnt at this stage how to work in a team and achieve all the targets not just
at individual level but as the organization level as well.
Adjourning
This is the final stage of the whole team building process. At the end of this whole
process of team building all the individual group's will be adjourned. This is the end of the whole
team building process in which a company can assess the whole program functions and all the
outcomes from such process.
Sainsbury can achieve their goals of an effective team with such a process. This team
building process will give the employee of Sainsbury an experience of working as a team ,
support each others and achieve targets. This is very successful model when it comes to transmit
company's work force standards to work together as a team in a competitive environment.

LO4
P4 Concept and Philosophies of Organisational Behaviour
Organization has different concept and philosophies which supports employees to sharp
their skills so that organization enables to meet objective of company. Organization unable to
motivate employee's at workplace as result employees productivity is reduced at workplace. To
enhance employees turnover at workplace organization uses different philosophies and concepts
such as -
Individual Person
Each person has a different characteristic from others. Every individual take things in its
own way so it is important to keep all the employees working in the organization happy and
positive. Organization focuses on each employee behaviour in company so that organization
enables to find their behaviour regarding job that why organization follows situational leadership
so that they enable to communicate with employees (Mohammad, and et.al., 2015).
Perception
Perception develops from the life experiences and education . Every employee has his
own experience and education, so they might have different perception from each other which
may lead to some issues. Organizational behaviour can effectively overcome such negative
aspects. That's why Organization provides cultural diversity atmosphere at workplace so that
they understand their cultural and gives values them by listening properly. Beside of this
organization organizes cultural events for employee so that they show their skills. Organization
organize skills development program for employees and offers opportunity to learn new skills
and sharp their skills. These skills support employee to perform well at workplace. Such kind
programs assists organization to motivate employee and leads the highest productivity at
workplace.
Motivated Working Environment
Organisational Behaviour can keep the whole employee base of the company motivated.
For a quality working environment it is important to have the positive working environment in
the organisation. To motivate employee manger follows Maslow theory which is specially
designed to accomplish basic needs of individual employees. Through this leadership leader
maintains well-being at workplace and motivate employees (Taştan and Davoudi, 2017). This
theory includes five basic needs such as physiological, social, safety, self-esteem and self

actualization etc. These all needs execution of vision of company. Positive results generate from
positive work force which has the direct link from the motivation level of the employee so to
keep a motivated work force it is mandatory to have a positive organisational behaviour.
Human Dignity
Every employee has his own self-esteem and dignity. Work force in corporate
environment are always too emotional so as a company you should respect each and every
employee in the company equally weather they are in any position within the organization.
Human dignity refers to the integrity of the physical and the psychological self respect and self
worth of the human being. The dignity of the human is the inherent to all the human beings. It
includes the equity and the diversity, safety and the heath of the human being equal opportunity
to all the employees of the company (Muhonen, Jönsson and Bäckström, 2017). Sainsbury have
to give equal opportunity to all the employees of the in the workplace so it will motivates the
employees so that it will leads to the success and growth of the business in the different
situations of the market. The Sainsbury gives the safety and the security in the workplace for
reducing the fear of the employees about the insecurity in the environment. By maintaining the
effective and good working condition in the business of the Sainsbury they will increases the
level of the motivation in the employees.
Mutuality of Interest
Mutual Interest represent that organisation need work force and employee need
company. Firm and work force are mutually dependent from each other and they need to work
together always to sustain in this competitive environment. Work Force and Organization are
both look each other as a means of fulfilling their goals (Katou, 2015). For example Management
of Uniliever to enhance employees productivity at workplace offers incentives and bonus which
enhance motivation in employees as result employees perform better at workplace while
organisation gets more productivity of employee at workplace.
Holistic Concept
After the fundamental concept of OB achieved holistic concept arises. This concept look
company and its work force as a whole group together. This concept includes the broad way to
look people in the organization. This includes all the detail regarding all the factors which can
affect the human behaviour as a whole. It includes all the aspects of human behaviour as a
whole.

CONCLUSION
From the above study it is concluded that organizational behaviour is very essential and
important for the performance and the activity of the company. The organizational culture,
politics and power of the firm which affect the performance of the company as the changes in the
political which affect the behaviour of the company, which have an impact on each employee
performance and also it concluded that motivation is the very important for the organization to
achieve the goal and to improve the performance of the employee . If the firm not motivate the
employee on time they became demotivate and their performance may decline which result
lower the performance of the organization. Effective team play a vital support to the organization
for the achievement of the goal of the firm because effective team are trained and well
performance which help the firm for the growth and increment of the sales and the productivity.
Where the ineffective team is not that much good in performance, and they are lack in
performance and which leads to lose for the company. Also, there can be various concepts and
philosophy that can be used by the company which lead to the better performance of
organization.

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