Organizational Behavior and Leadership Analysis

This assignment requires an in-depth analysis of organizational behavior, including a comprehensive overview of various leadership theories, team roles, and their impact on employee motivation and performance. It also examines the role of identification in giving sense to unethical organizational behavior and explores the relationship between ethical leadership and pro-organizational behavior.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Culture, Power and Politics on behaviour of others in Tesco...........................................3
M1 Critically evaluation of Power, culture and Politics influence behaviour of individual and
teams.......................................................................................................................................5
P2 Motivation helps to attain organisational objectives.........................................................6
M 2 Evolution of behavioural motivational theories that influences behaviours of others...8
D1 Critically evaluation of relationship between culture, power politics and motivation:....8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
P3 How to co-ordinate effectively with others.......................................................................9
M3 Evolution team and group development theories to support dynamic co-operation.....12
P4 Philosophies of organisational behaviour.......................................................................13
M4 Evaluation of philosophies and their critical evaluation................................................14
D2 Relevance of team development theories.......................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is scientific approach which study about human acts and
behaviours in organisation role. It is a tool for benefit of humans in interface in organisation
context and human itself. Organisation and their behaviour is mix up of humanity and
technology. In this report chosen organisation is Tesco a British multinational organisation
which deals into groceries and general merchandise retailer headquarter in UK. It is 000 (a third
largest retailer in world. This report emphasis on value and importance of organisation behaviour
in organisation as well as individuals (Bolino and et.al., 2013). It explain importance of power,
culture and politics on behaviour of others in regard of Tesco. Further it elaborates importance of
motivated individuals and teams in organisation. Moreover it examine how to co-operate with
others and concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour. Hence it examine whole
concept about organisational behaviour and influences on individual and organisation.
TASK 1
P1 Culture, Power and Politics on behaviour of others in Tesco
Culture, power and politics play a crucial role in organisation. In organisation structure
these components participate in day to day operations. There are six components in organisation
structure work specialization,department specialization,chain's command, time of control and
centralisation and decentralization of power within organisation. These components directly
connected with culture, power and politics of organisation and play a vital role in organisation.
Culture
Organisation culture defined as group and individual values, beliefs and customs
practised in organisation that brings harmony and control in organisation. It enables individuals
to understand about organisations goals and objectives. Organisation culture helps in resolve
conflicts, barriers and tracking errors (Carpenter, Berry and Houston, 2014). Culture is values
and beliefs of individual and teams in organisation that influences behaviours of others. A
positive culture motivate employees to give their best efforts in Tesco. In all organisation culture
helps to produce positive ideas that helps to achieve their goals and objectives of Tesco.
Organisation culture directly effects on organisational policies such as structure Tesco, behaviour
of team members, group psychology and working condition of organisation, motivation level of
employees, job satisfaction and values and believes of organisation and control on management

activities. Efficient organisation culture contributes on eliminating of complexness, dubiety and
precariousness in organisation. Culture helps in build skilful decisions, recruitment and
achieving goals both short and long term goals with efficient harmonious movement in
organisation related to control over policies in organisation. Culture is important ingredient in
organisation traditions and pattern of communication and behaviours with rituals of organisation.
Power
Power is ability to influence the behaviour of others and subordinates with control of
resources. Politics in connected with power. It is defined as nature of influences the behaviour
of others with energy and resources to achieve goals and objectives of organisation. Power is
beneficial where managers assign works to their subordinates. It is core work of manager by use
power to give objectives to attain goals and objectives. Power aids in providing direction in
achieving goals and objectives. There are many sources of power in Tesco. Powers is legitimate
in nature which assign according to the designation of the employee. Power is distributed
sometimes in unequal way in some organisation in a team all powerful members are structured.
Sometimes less powerful team members centralised in a team that impacts both individual and
organisation performance (Fishe and To, 2012). Highly powered team demotivate values of other
team members. On other Low centred power team less creative, focused and more conflicts
arises that hinders self interest of organisation as well as individuals. Hence power centred
people affects behaviour of individuals and organisations.
Politics
Workplace politics consist of behaviours and processes of interaction of power and
authority in organisation. It helps in bringing power and harmony in organisation and achieving
goals in organisation. Politics helps in achieving organisational goals by definite objectives. It
helps in assign the works between teams and individual and made harmony among them. Politics
enables in distribution and coordination among parties to equalise among members of Tesco. It
sometimes hazardous for the organisation because by politics power is centralised in few hands
and it create disaster in organisation (Ganeeva and et.al., 2013). Through centralisation of power
some people direct all people which creates disharmony in organisation and demotivate
employees towards their goals and objectives. Political structure provides opportunities to
individual to develop careers also provides platform to develop their key interest areas and

motives to organisation. Politics enables to organisation by interpersonal relationships and
changes,radical reforms and brings profit for both individual and organisation.
M1 Critically evaluation of Power, culture and Politics influence behaviour of individual and
teams
Critically evaluation helps a lot to both employees and organisation to reach at their
goals. It gives advantage to take judgemental decisions in any circumstances.
Influence of culture on individual and team members:
'Culture' word is applied to individuals, teams, groups, departments, organisations. Power
is a social term which influences behaviours of others. It has characteristics in which interaction
of two and more than two people interact with one another (Ploeger and Bisel, 2013). It has a
dynamic concept that changes according to time and situation. Culture influences both positive
and negative on individual and team members of organisation.
 Positive aspects of culture: A positive culture of organisation encourage employees to
work efficiently and effectively on Tesco. Positive culture enhance morale of employees
and higher authorities in positive culture give responsibilities to take decisions according
to circumstances. In that case employees feels encouraged and motivated in organisation
and it increase efficiency of both employees and organisation.
 Negative aspects of culture: Culture has both positive and negative aspect that helps in
evaluation of right and wrong proceedings in organisation. Culture sometimes creates
hazardous condition before employees and organisation. Slowly culture become rules of
organisation and no one frequently alter in it. People in a organisation come from
different culture, terms, traditions and people frequently not able to adopt conditions of
organisation (Harms and Luthans, 2012). It creates chaos and conflicts in organisation.
Influences of Power on individual and teams:
The word Power is majorly sounds negative. It often use as to dominate,coerced people.
On other way it also use as a conflicts, and chaos in organisation but it recognising as a very
cheerful for organisation as well as personnel. Power is related to unity and union power in
organisation that provides protection in adverse situations.
 Positive aspects: Power binds people in a unity and encourage to work as a team in
organisation. Unions helps to protect rights and duties of organisation. Power relates to

superior influence behaviours of their subordinates to increase their working efficiency so
power increase their productivity that increase profit of organisation.
 Negative aspects: There are some negative aspects of power is that sometimes higher
authorities use coercive power (Kizilos, Cummings and Cummings, 2013). In coercive
power they want to increase efficiency by threat and coercion. Coercive power impacts
negative on employees and demoralise them.
Influence of politics on individual and teams:
Individuals and groups mostly involves in organisation politics and its end result is
destruction which hinders organisations goals in which people focus on personal gains. Self
serving actions obstructs objectives and goals.
 Positive aspects: Politics gives strengthen to organisation to achieve goals and objectives
in organisation. That rises productivity of employees that increase their contribution in
organisation.
 Negative aspect: Politics decreases concentration of employees, it leads negative
environment in organisation and spoils whole environment. On other hand it change
easily attitude of employees that reduce contribution also of employees.
P2 Motivation helps to attain organisational objectives
From the word “Motive” which means needs or wants, willing of an individuals or group
which encourage them to work to attain goals and objectives in organisation (Ploeger and Bisel,
2013). In organization psychological factors that motivate a employee is desire money and
success, recognition, satisfaction of job, work in teams and appraisal etc.. Tesco use content and
process theories of motivation to motivate its employees.
Content Theory
This theory of motivation refers to internal factor of an individual which encourage them
to work and obtain goals. There are number of theories in content theory but most important
are Maslow's hierarchy of need, McClelland learned need,Alderfer's ERG theory, Herzeberg's
two factor theory, etc. .Tesco uses Herzeberg's two factor theory in organisation to encourage its
employees.
Herzeberg's two factor theory

This theory originated by Frederick Herzberg in 1956 known as Motivation- Hygiene
theory or Dual factor theory (Lazaroiu, 2015). It elaborates that two factors in an organisation
that encourage its employees, these factors are Hygiene and Motivation factors:
Motivators Factors:- A factor which motivates employees to work passionately and
achieve the goal and objectives. This factor are as follows:
 Recognition:- Tesco higher authority praise their subordinates when they complete
work and doings in efficiently.
 Sense of achievement:- Tesco should give some sort of sense to their employees that if
employees work efficiently at present, they must get some reward in return.
 Growth and promotional opportunities:- Tesco give development opportunities
promotion, appraisals etc.. to their employees when they perform good enough.
 Responsibilities:- Tesco authorities give authority and accountability to their
employees in completion of tasks.
 Meaningfulness of the work:-Tesco should always provide willingness tasks, interesting
and not easy tasks in other words challenging work to their employees. These theories
helps in understand in deep need and wants of consumers at different levels. That gives
sense of understanding in both sides to employees and employers. Employees also
understand requirement of organisation and accomplish goals and objectives.
Hygiene Factors:- This factor not motivate to employee to work harder but it motivates
to them to work in the organization. This factor include:
 Pay:- The pay structure of Tesco should be appropriate that encourage employee to do
work efficiently.
 Company Policies and administrative policies:- Tesco is strict in its company
policies , its behaviour is equal for all (Ploeger and Bisel, 2013). It include flexible hours
of work, leisure for activities and vacation etc..
 Fringe benefits: Tesco provides benefits to the individuals such as healthcare plan for
families, tuition fee and vacation plans etc..
 Job securities:-Tesco have to provide job securities to employees it increase loyalty of
employees for organisation.

M 2 Evolution of behavioural motivational theories that influences behaviours of others
Motivation is the symbol of inspiration, encouragement and influences others to attain
objectives and goals of others. There are several ways to motivate an employee by financial and
non financial motivation, positive and negative motivation etc..
Maslow's theory advantages and disadvantages:
This theory suggests about individual needs, wants, fundamentals and needs that met to
higher. Advantages of maslow theory is that it motivates to individual to reach from basic needs
to higher needs of employees, it provides a clear chart of personal enhancement (Wei, 2012). On
other hand it fail to elaborate that some individual choose to ignore lesser needs in want of
higher needs of individual. So both positive and negatives aspect both exist of Marlow's theory.
D1 Critically evaluation of relationship between culture, power politics and motivation:
There is a close relationship between culture, power and politics with motivation in
organisation. In organisation if culture have positive impact on individual and teams then it
effects on politics and power of organisation. If in organisation follows a hierarchy of
distribution of power than it motivates employees and increase their productivity. In organisation
there is hierarchy of power and politics that enchanted employees and creates loyalty in
organisation. Politics have impact on motivation if in organisation dictatorship and centralisation
of power exist then it affects motivation level of employees and then it affects motivation level
of employees. On the other hand if culture is not good in organisation and unequal powers are
distributed then it affects all aspects of organisation (Luthans, Luthans and Luthans, 2015). If
motivation level of employees degrades then it directly and indirectly affects all other aspects of
organisation. Hence in a good organisation powers should be distributed in equal manners so that
they feel motivated and become productive enough.
Recommendations:
In organisation if powers are not equally distributed than it creates dissatisfaction in
organisation. For eradicate that problem and increase their motivation level they have to equally
distribute power and duties among employees.
 Management of Tesco needs to pay their maximum attention towards developing positive
working environment in which employees feel motivated towards their objectives and
business goals as well.
 Management have to give attention on reform of environment of organisation.

TASK 2
P3 How to co-ordinate effectively with others
Team work is very essential part of every organisation that enables to achieve its goals
and objectives. A team have to clear about their goals and objectives. In effective team every
member have special talent and skill set that achieve mission and goals in organisation
(Morgeson and et.al., 2013). There are following characteristics that have in effective team.
Communication:
In effective team the members have quality of gift of gab and communicate with
effectiveness. A clear goal and missions help in understand responsibilities and tasks of
organisation and clear vision. In effective team all members help each other and coordinate with
them.
Goals:
Clear and defined goals are set by effective teams so that efforts of everyone should be
determined to accomplish goals and objectives (Pinder, 2014). A clear mission and goals help in
obtain targets.
Leadership style:
Effective team have clear vision and mission to achieve goals and objectives. Leaders
play a very important role in organisation to accomplish goals and objectives that increase
importance in organisation.
Performance Review:
Effective team evaluate the performance of members by evaluating their performance and
enhance their ratings. In performance review every employee evaluated on different basis such as
working hours, leadership quality, motivation level etc.
Ineffective team:
Effective team is that who work as a team that brings efficiency and communication to
maximize productivity in work and doings. Effective team members work as a single unit. In
effective team some drawbacks are exist that are very harmful for organisation and hinders its
goals and objectives.
Team focus:

Team becomes ineffective while they suffer from no motive of their works and doings.
They have no idea about the works and responsibilities about organisation. Similarly teams does
not know how to reach their goals and objectives than it hinders their goals. They do not know
about how to handle problems of circumstances (Podsakoff and House, 2013). When whole team
unclear about their goals and missions of organizations. Inequality team members have unequal
status in team. Some members have power to speak others do not responsibilities and powers
which affects decision making hazardous in organisation (Robbins and Judge 2014). Ineffective
team there is more errors and ineffectiveness in works and doings that creates chaos in
organisation. In ineffective team dis coordination creates chaos in organisation which influences
works and doings of Tesco so communication and managerial abilities should be in coordinated
way.
Difference between effective and ineffective team:
Main points Effective team Ineffective team
Communication Communication in effective
team is clear and process is
also hierarchical in that
process.
Ineffective team
communication channels are
not clear and there is no
hierarchical system of
transferring information.
Goals There is clear goals in
effective team and dedicated to
achieve their goals and
objectives.
Ineffective team members are
not clear about their roles and
responsibilities with missions
of organisation.
leadership Leaders have influencing
behaviours in effective team
and they avail many leadership
theories for effectiveness.
Ineffective team there is no
leadership style adopted by
them and leaders not
effectively influences
behaviours of others.
Theories of effective team coordination:

Belbin to effectively coordination of team invented a theory in which nine different
clusters of behaviour that display in organisation (Srone-Romero, 2013). Each behaviours show
the high performing team. Each team have its positive and negative aspects.
Resource investigator
This behaviour help to give innovative ideas to team to bring back to work. Positive
aspects of this behaviour is that zeal, opportunist. Behaviour of that person help to innovate
something new in organisation.
Team work
The behaviours of that class is they use their versatility to accomplish tasks on behalf of
team members.
Co-ordinator
In this work behaviour team leader draw out objectives and distribute tasks and
objectives to the delegates and helps in accomplish tasks.
Theories of effective team coordination
Belbin to effectively coordination of team invented a theory in which nine different
clusters of behaviour that display in organisation (Wagner III and Hollenbeck, 2014). Each
behaviours show the high performing team. Each team have its positive and negative aspects.
Resource investigator
This behaviour help to give innovative ideas to team to bring back to work. Positive
aspects of this behaviour is that zeal, opportunist. Behaviour of that person help to innovate
something new in organisation.
Team work
Characteristic of this behaviours is that help in solving problems by creative way and
build faith in their team.
Monitor evaluator
Characteristic of this behaviours is that it make impartial judgements with their wisdom
and give suitable options in disputes.
Specialist
Main motive of this behaviour is give suitable knowledge to members.
Shaper
Main focus on employees and checkout that they are focus on their work.

Implementer
In that it plan a suitable strategy and implement with help of individuals.
Complete finisher
In that it check allotted tasks and supervise with eradicate errors.
M3 Evolution team and group development theories to support dynamic co-operation
Most famous teamwork theory that helps in measure contribution in dynamic co-
operation in dynamic environment.
Tuck man's Theory:
Tuck man theory describes individual behaviour from different perspectives that helps in
organisation progress (Ploeger and Bisel, 2013). There are two features that enables to
organisation is interpersonal or group structure and task activity.
Forming:
In that stage every individual find its part in organisation remain isolated for long time. In
this stage every person inquire to each other purpose to remain in organisation (Srone-Romero,
2013). In this stage employees are work on self interest and they are new for organisation.
Storming:
In that stage people become part of team and organisation. However, in that stage they
offer challenges to each other and head of team to enquire about work and doings in
organisation. In this stage employees faces conflicts and disagreement. That's result loss of
performance and don't focus on task in that stage.
Norming:
In that stage team members begin come together and develop processes and build rules
and regulation and understand what is role and responsibilities in that organisation. In that phrase
they feel togetherness.
Performing:
This is final step of theory that focused on both task and team terms that combine provide
synergy. Now people work effectively together. In that stage people work efficiently and that
improves their works and doings and improves efficiency.
Adjourning:
In that phrase team understand mutually and work effectively in organisation.

P4 Philosophies of organisational behaviour
Philosophies is very important part of any study. Philosophies directs behaviours of
organisation. In leading organisation higher authorities uses consistently philosophies to make
reform in organisation.
To understand organisation behaviours there is many philosophies but Path goal theory
helps in understand organisation behaviours with help of leadership (Podsakoff and House,
2013).
Path goal theory specify leadership style or behaviour that suitable according to
employees and work milieu to achieve goals and objectives. The aim of this theory is to increase
motivation and satisfaction with empowerment to become productive in organisation. It is also
based on vroom's expectancy theory in which individual act according to the deeds and acts that
are necessary for accomplish certain tasks and outcomes for organisation. In this theory leaders
select behaviours according to needs and wants of circumstances of organisation so that they go
through their objectives and accomplish their goals and objectives (Wagner III and Hollenbeck,
2014). This theory not in detail but it passes through a specific steps. In that theory first of all
determine characteristics of employees and environment and according to environment it selects
a leadership style so that organisation can accomplish goals and objectives. Then it focus on
motivation factors that encourages employees. In employees characteristics includes by leader's
behaviour according to needs such as structure of organisation, affiliation and level of quality
and controllable desire.
In task and environment characteristics include task complexities , authority system and
work group that creates sometimes problem for organisation. In that case a best leadership style
work to accomplish goals and objectives.
Leader behaviours and style includes honesty, communication and motivation style etc.
in this model four leadership style follows that is directive, supportive, participative and
achievement. It depend upon two styles that are consideration and initiating structure in
organisation. In first leadership style includes directive in which leader inform about its
expectation to their followers and solve all problems of them. In supportive leadership style
leader become soft and concern about the issues of employees and solve their problems. In
participative leadership style leader discuss with their followers after that make decisions. In that
case followers feel positive attitude. In achievement leadership style leaders sets achieving goals

and expect from at highest level and shows confidence in them. It is most effective in working
environment.
M4 Evaluation of philosophies and their critical evaluation
There are both positive and negative aspects of path goal theory. The positive aspect is
that it gives understanding that how different leadership behaviours influence followers
performance and satisfaction level. It is sole theory which describes four leadership
styles(directive, supportive, participate, achievement oriented). This leadership theory describes
that task and follower qualities impacts on leadership on follower performance in organisation. It
helps in which leadership style is best and appropriate according to time and circumstances. It
attempts to combine both expectancy theory with leadership theory because no other theory is
directly link with directly motivation in organisation (Ganeeva and et.al., 2013). It provides a
practical framework that is very positive. Path goals theory focuses on to improve pay-offs in
working environment. It provides methods to motivate employees in organisation.
Negative aspects of path goal theory:
first and foremost aspect of negativity in that theory is that it is very complex in nature
because it defines so much theories that creates conflicts and arise chaos in organisation. It is
very daunting work to combine all different tasks under one umbrella. It creates problem to
coordinate all aspects because it is a broad theory. It is hard to accomplish all theory to improve
all theories in fully manner (Zhou, Zhang and Zimmermann, 2013). Another negative aspect of
this theory is that it get only partial support for deep research and theories and no accurate result
is found during process.
Another limitation is that it is unable to elaborate relationship between leadership
behaviour and motivation of individual.
D2 Relevance of team development theories
There are varies importance of theories and philosophies that use to build up teams in
organisation.
Setting goals:
Theories and philosophies of OB helps to set and achieve goals and objectives in
organisation. These theories gives and provide understanding to employees to enhance their
capabilities. Setting goals and objectives is primary goal of organisation and these theories
elaborate aspects that hidden in organisation (Kizilos, Cummings and Cummings, 2013).

Ongoing Development:
Success is very important aspect in organisation also for individuals. Philosophies tell
about human behaviour and their aspects and then it help in choose leaders and appropriate
leadership style. On other hand it elaborates person's requirement and according to it
compensates their needs and wants.
Management Process:
Theories and philosophies helps to obtain levels and hierarchies in organisation which
enables to distribution in power and politics in organisation (Robbins and Judge, 2014). It also
formulate culture norms and regulations in organisation that helps in organisation's goals and
objectives.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that organisational behaviour is an important
attribute in evaluating behaviours of other in organisation. Organisational behaviour is scientific
approach that enables employees to behave and acts according to needs and wants of
organisation. Motivation and leadership helps to obtain desire level of satisfaction. It depicts that
effective team is important part of organisation and leadership helps in achieving goals and
objectives. Moreover it understand importance of philosophies for understand nature of leader
and d its contribution in organisational behaviour.

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Online
The Nine Belbin Team Roles. 2018.[Online]. Available
through:<https://www.belbin.com/about/belbin-team-roles/>.