Organizational Behaviour: Culture, Power, and Motivation

This study material explores the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on employee behavior. It also discusses content and process theories of motivation. Subject: Organizational Behaviour

Organizational Behaviour

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Organizational culture, politics and power influence.............................................................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................7
P2 Content and process theory of motivation..............................................................................7
LO3..................................................................................................................................................9
P3 What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.........................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................12
P4 Philosophies of organizational behaviour............................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

Introduction
Organizational behaviour means an analysis of workforce and an individual on the work
place. The organizational behaviour is analysed to improve the performance of their employees.
Companies needs to bring innovation and motivate their employees in an organization.
Organizational behaviour means the study of human resource in an organization. Companies
need to build an positive environment and develop the efficiency of their employees to work in a
team. Report shows how Tesco build in an effective environment in an organization. Tesco needs
to motivate their employees to improve their efficiency that helps company to increase their
productivity. Report shows the influence of power and politics in development of organization
and achievement of organizational goals. Culture of organization that effects work environment
of the organization. Use of different type of theories to motivate employees in an organization to
get effective work from them and motivation techniques to influence employees. The importance
of effective team as compare to an ineffective team that helps to build work environment in an
organization. The
LO1
P1 Organizational culture, politics and power influence.
Organizational culture effects overall environment of the business. It effects overall
working of the employees in an organization. The organization needs to develop their business at
a large and helps business to engage people effectively. Business needs to develop at a large
scale that helps overall working of a business(Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019.)
. The culture influences the work environment of the employees. Organization needs to develop
their business at a large scale that helps them to engage large number of customers with their
products and services that helps them to achieve their objectives and goals. Organization needs
to develop their culture that influence overall working of organization.
Handy culture
Power
Power plays an important role in development of organization that effects overall
working of the employees. Employees needs to understand their effectiveness that helps them to
achieve goals and responsibilities of business. Power means an authority in limited hands they

have all power to take decision and all other employees needs to follow those rules. Tesco needs
to know their effectiveness and develop an environment that have a less impact of power on their
employees. Power helps managers of Tesco to influence their employees it effects overall
working of their employees at a large scale. Managers needs to motivate their employees if
power is used in inappropriate manner by the authority it plays an negative effect on overall
working of the employees in an organization. Power reduces the moral and trust of employees in
an organization. Employees need to be praised on their efforts and need to develop an
environment that helps employees to work effectively. The respect to employees ar given by
managers if employees feel they are unimportant for organization then it effects overall growth
of the company.
Role
Tesco needs to play its role effectively to engage their employees to the work that helps
them in their overall productivity. The task is assigned on the basis of skills and abilities of each
and every employee in an organization that helps them to achieve their goals and objectives
which required at level of organization. This culture helps Tesco to develop their skills and
abilities . The appreciation is given to their employees on the basis of their abilities. Assignment
of role helps them to achieve their objectives and increase their overall productivity that
increases their profitability. The role culture will not able to influence those employees who are
more interested to lead other people and less interested towards their work.
Task
Task is a job or a role that assigned to the employees of an organization. Task culture
helps business to show the responsibility of each and every employee in an organization it helps
them to achieve their goals and responsibilities. Task culture in Tesco is develop to bring
communication between employees of an organization. It helps business to develop and achieve
their goals and objectives that are required for their development at large scale. The company
needs to provide resources to their employees so that they are able to work effectively that helps
organization to achieve their goals and responsibilities. Task culture needs to be analysed
regularly so that effective working of an organization is developed. Task culture makes a teams
in an organization and helps business to develop at a large scale to influence others(Wilson,
2017.)

. Task culture brings all the effectiveness of employees so that they are able to work on their full
efficiency and achieve their goals and objectives.
Person
Person culture shows the nature and beliefs of each and every employee in an
organization. Organization needs to know the culture of their employees so that they are able to
work according to the employees. The person culture helps Tesco to analyse the wants and
desires of employees in an organization. The employees who are less interested to follow the
rules and regulation set by their seniors are ineffective towards their employees. Culture helps
Tesco to develop an environment in which employees are able to work effectively and according
to the requirement. Culture helps Tesco to motivate their employees effectively in an effective
environment. The persons behaviour effects all over working of team when a group task is
allotted.
Power in an organization
Power in an organization effects overall working of their employees. Power needs to be
used effectively so that organization is able to influence their employees.
Coercive power
The coercive power means when employees are forces to work effectively in an
organization. Tesco needs to manage this power in their organization because when employees
are forced towards their work then they feel demotivated which effects overall working of an
organization. Tesco needs to manage their managers so that they are not able to misuse their
power which effects overall working of their employees in an organization. When employees are
forced towards work they feel that unfair treatment from their company and demotivates them
towards work environment.
Reward power
The power is used by managers and leaders in a company to influence their employees so
that they work effectively. Tesco needs to provide rewards to their employees on the basis of
their skills and abilities. It helps them to engage employees towards work and increases
productivity(Wilson, 2018.)
. If employees get rewards then they expect same in the future and for that they work hard.
Legitimate power

Power is used to maintain working in an organization. In this managers of Tesco needs to
provide fair pay and rewards to the employees who are working effectively or promote them so
that they work for development of organization. Managers needs to use power of fear like punish
or demotion to the employees who are not working effective in development of organization.
Referent power
Managers who have the ability to influence other employees are effective for
development of Tesco as they are able to motivate employees towards effective working of an
organization. Referent power helps Tesco to familiarize employees with working of organization
and develop sense of belonging in an organization.
Expert power
Expert helps to to provide different skills to employees in an organization. Skills helps
business to develop at a large and effective use of knowledge and development of business at a
large scale. Managers and leaders needs to be intelligent and efficient to help employees towards
the working of an organization. Ability to influence build positive image in minds of the
customers.
Politics in an organization
Decrease overall productivity
Politics makes employees ineffective towards the work. Tesco needs to know the
effectiveness of which helps in development of organization. If employees are more interested in
playing nasty politics then it affects their overall efficiency to develop their business at large
scale.
Affects concentration
The employees who are more interested in playing politics effects the concentration of
other employees in an organization. The effects overall productivity of other person. The
concentration of employees more interested in politics effects overall development of other
people in an organization.
Spoils the ambience
The employees who are more interested in playing politics are concentrated to effects the
development of other people in an organization(Barry and Wilkinson, 2016.)

. The ineffective employees create negative environment in an organization. Effective employees
in an organization are not interested as well dislike all other employees who are interested in
playing politics.
Changes the attitude of employees
The employees are more interested politics and make negative image of other effective
employees in minds of their bosses. The attitude of other employees reduces their overall
effectiveness because they are not getting the rewards on their efforts.
Demotivate employees
The ineffective employees are getting appraisal from their bosses so that they are not able
to work effectively. Employees are not getting reward on their efforts that so it demotivates them
towards their efforts.
M1
Organisational culture influences individual behaviour, as poor
culture demotivates workers and affect their working capabilities whereas healthy friendly
culture makes them feel good and people like to work for company. If power is used in negative
manner that means if leaders of Tesco encourages favouritism, then other workers will not be
happy which will enhance conflicts and will affect team and organisational performance to great
extent. On other hand if power is used in systematic manner then leaders will get support from
employees which will improves individual and team performance both.
D1
There is close relationship between culture nd motivation, good
culture motivate workers and people work so hard to improve performance of company. On
other hand if politics is high and performance of employees are ignored by leaders then workers
will feel demotivated and they will not like to give their support to business. Tesco should create
healthy workplace environment were people can share their views. This will make them feel
valued which will give better results to organisation.
LO2
P2 Content and process theory of motivation
Motivation helps business to engage their employees effectively with their work
environment. Tesco needs motivation to engage their customer’s at large scale. Overall working
of an organization depends on their ability to motivate their employees effectively so that they

are able to provide required results and develop their business at large scale. Motivation brings
innovation in the overall working of an organization and helps them to achieve their goals
effectively. Motivation helps to bring effective communication in an organization and helps
business to develop at large scale. Organization needs to develop overall working of an
organization.
Physiological needs
This needs basic needs that each and every individual needs for their own achievements.
Tesco needs to provide motivation to their employees. Business needs to achieve their objectives
they have to provide motivation to their employees (King and Lawley, 2016.). The air, food,
shelter, clothing, sleep helps business to achieve their goals and objectives. Tesco needs to fulfil
employees basic needs and develop business at large scale. Tesco ensures that it gives food
facility to the employees and also give them facility to stay in official quarter. This fulfil
people’s basic need which encourage them and they work freely and give productivity to
business unit.
Safety needs
Safety needs are those which each and every individual require for their smooth working
in an organization. Tesco needs to provide security to their employees at work place. Security
helps business to develop at large scale security at work place from outside environment helps
business to engage their employees work environment that helps them to achieve their
objectives. Company needs to provide a secure environment to their employees so that they are
able to work effectively according to the requirement. Tesco has installed camera and other
safety equipment’s at workplace that makes the person feel secure and their working productivity
get raised. This encourage them to work more to meet organisational goal.
Social needs
Employees need love, affection and belonging with organization. Tesco needs to develop
an effective environment for employees to familiarize them and develop an effective work
environment. Managers needs to bring friendship with the employees, needs to minimize
loneliness of their employees. Tesco needs to manage depression of their employees so that are
able to work effectively in an organization. Tesco always gives respect to workers and involve
them in decision making process. It creates healthy friendly workplace culture where employee

feel happy. This raise their working capabilities and people work hard to meet organisational
goal.
Esteem needs
Employees need appreciation on their efforts. Tesco needs to give respect to their
employees and develop an effective environment for their employees so that they are able to
work according to the requirement. Development of prestige in an organization help Tesco to
motivate their employees and increase their efficiency. Manager of Tesco ensures that no
employee gets hurt in organisation their esteem needs are being fulfilled by giving them
opportunity to speak. By this way workers feel valued and stay in business for longer duration.
This aids in reducing recruitment cost and aid the company in gaining more profit.
Self actualization needs
In this Tesco needs to motivate their employees to bring best of their abilities, develop
their skills work effectively that helps them to achieve employees personal goal. Managers needs
to match those personal goals with organizational goals and motivate them towards their
achievement. Tesco gives development opportunities to their workers, it promotes them which
motivate workers to do more for the company. By this way people work hard and get growth
options soon in the Tesco. This enhances their working performance which support the
organisation in meeting its goal.
Content theory
Expectancy
The Tesco needs to motivate their employees like if they wor effectively and increase
their efforts helps them to develop performance that helps them to achieve goals(Morse and
Chan, 2018.) . For that company needs to provide resources so that they are able to achieve
goals. Needs to develop their performance by giving right skills to their employees. Supervise
employees so that they are able to no how to complete a task. Tesco ensures that expectation of
all its workers are met and for that management know more about their requirements and set the
platform in such manner so that expectation of people is met and they work better in business
unit. By this way company’s goal can be met successfully.
Instrumentality
Tesco needs to motivate employees like if they work effective then something good or
they are able to achieve their personal goals. If performance of employees are good than outcome

is also good. For that Tesco needs to trust their employees give them opportunities to take
decision, build transparency in the work and information. Management measures performance of
employees and develop confidence of workers that their performance will be rewarded. This
encourage them and they work hard to get such kind of benefits from Tesco.
Valence
Employees need expected outcome for that they work effectively. The employees need
achieve objectives and company needs to bring motivation by providing them what they want
and value. Employees receive salaries and incentives for their efforts which encourage staff of
Tesco and they retain in business for longer duration.
Motivational techniques
Let them know you trust them
Tesco needs to provide am environment that helps them to motivate their employees and
also provide them opportunities to make important decision so that they feel that company trust
them and needs to familiarize them that helps to effective work from the employees.
Set goals
Company needs to set goals for their employees so that they try to achieve them goals ar
set on the basis of skills and abilities of each and every employee.
Transparency
Bring transparency in information so that employees feel that organization trust them and
wants them to achieve their goals(Paul, Dutta and Saha, 2016.)
. Transparency helps Tesco to build belongingness and friendly environment in an organization.
Motivate individuals
Tesco needs to motivate each and every employee,. Motivating individually helps Tesco
to know what their employees. Helps company to concentrate each and every employee
individually.
M2
Maslow theory focuses on different needs of employees, Tesco has to ensure that their
needs are being fulfilled on time. By this way people will behave positive and they will support
business. By this way Tesco would be able to retain talent and talented staff will serve
consumers well which would give benefit to business unit in gaining competitive advantage. But

if needs of workers are ignore then it would decrease satisfaction level of employees and they
will not perform well.
LO3
P3 What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Effective team helps companies to achieve their goals and objectives develop an positive
environment in an organization. Effective team helps to bring coordination and cooperation in an
organization. Effective team helps each other and share their feelings with each other that helps
to know and gather information that helps in their development. The ineffective team stops an
organization to achieve their goals and objectives and develop an negative environment in an
organization.
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Interdependence The interdependence in an
effective team is taken in an
positive way each and every
employee help each other. The
interdependence help them to
achieve their goals effectively
Whereas an ineffective team
take it in an negative way, that
don’t like to helps each other
or to take a favour of one
another.
Goals Effective team tries to achieve
goals of an organization. They
have clear vision about how to
achieve their goals in an
organization. They work in a
group an each and every
employee know their
responsibility that helps them
to achieve theri goals.
Ineffective team have no
vision to achieve their goals.
They want to to compete to
ourcome each other and no
concentration towards the
achievement of goal.
Communication An effective team develop
communication in their
working so that they are able
to achieve goals of an
Ineffective team have lack of
communication in an team and
they are not able to know each
other. They have no

organization and also helps
them to develop an effective
environment in an
organization. Communication
helps them to complete their
work on time
information about each other
that makes them ineffective
and they take time to achieve
the goals of organization.
Participation and leadership Leadership is important task
and distributed equal in all
members of a team. Equal
participation helps to
accomplish goals of an
organization.
Leadership is only in few
hands that demotivates all
other employees in an
organization.
Influence and power In an effective team power is
used to influence other
employees in an organization
that helps organization to
achieve goals.
Power is used to force other
employees to complete their
task.
Decision making Decision are taken by
discussions and each and
every employee have a right to
give their employees that
helps in decision making.
Each and every employee has
his own opinion and views
that become a problem to take
decision.
Conflicts The conflicts are solved due to
effective communication.
Employees know to negotiate
with each other.
Conflicts are arises due to
each and every employee
think that they are superior
and not able to work in a team.
Interpersonal skills In an effective each and other
employee have their own
skills and abilities that helps
them to achieve their
task(Coccia, 2018.)
In an ineffective team
employees are not even able to
communicate effectively with
each other and they are less
interested towards the

. Due to effective
communication between
employees they are able to
influence each other and
develop an effective
environment in an
organization. Employees trust
each other so that they are able
to share their skills and
abilities with each other.
completion of task and have
no skills to share with each
other.
Politics In an effective team
employees are more interested
towards hard work and
completion of task on time.
In an ineffective team
employees are more interested
in playing nasty politics. And
try to demotivate each other in
an organization.
M3
Tuckman team development theory explains four major phases of developing an effective
team. Forming is the phase in which people are unclear with their role in business, they feel
unconscious. Storming phase explains that leaders make each person aware with their duties but
still uncertainties in task take place. Norming stage states that leaders make each person aware
what are their role and now people are well aware with their role and responsibilities. Team work
together and enjoy task and support of each team members. Performing is phase in which team
has clear vision and team members work independently. Leader needs not pay much attention on
employees hence people work easily and leader can pay attention on other development
activities.
D2
Belbin team development theory explains various role of team leader and other members
in a team. If all the members perform their role well then team goal can be obtained successfully.
Leaders ensure that workers are happy ate workplace and if they are not happy then leaders make
changes in process so that satisfaction level of staff can be raised. This approach aids business in
performing well in business unit and gaining the competitive advantage.

LO4
P4 Philosophies of organizational behaviour.
Individual differences
Every employee in an organization is different from each other and Tesco needs to
analyse each and every employee to motivate.
Perception
Employees working largely depends on their personalities, social surroundings and
culture of employees effects their overall productivity(Ayoko and Ashkanasy, 2019.)
. Tesco needs to analyse the culture of their employees to know what they want and helps
company to motivate their employees.
Motivated Behaviour
Tesco needs to motivate their employees to get quality work from them that helps them to
achieve their goals in an organization. Tesco needs to analyse how to motivate their employees
like some motivated from money, recognition, respect and love in an organization.
Desire for involvement
Tesco needs to involve their employees in the decision making that helps to familiarize
them some good and effective employees have the abilities to provide good ideas that helps
company to prepare strategies. The employees are able to provide their opinions and ideas.
Value of the person
The employees needs to be treated good and value them on their abilities. The employees
needs love and affection that helps company to engage their employees and develop their skills.
A whole person
Employees are treated as a whole person. The Tesco needs to separate employee personal
life and professional life. Employees are given time to manage their life.
Human dignity
Tesco needs to treat each and every employee and respect them give love to their
employees(Ranjan, 2017.)
. Company needs to praise the efforts of other employees in an organization that helps to develop
their efficiency.
Path goal theory

This model or approach explains that leaders are required to adopt different leadership
style by looking at situation’s demand. Sometimes they have to adopt directive leadership where
leaders of Tesco must give clear direction to staff members so that they can understand their
work and can perform it well. If subordinate receives clear direction them people will be happy.
Supportive leadership is the style in which leaders have to show their support towards workers.
Whenever employees of Tesco feel over burden at that time leaders have to give support to them
so that confidence and trust of employees can be build. Participative leaders must involve
workers in every activity so that workers feel valued. Achievement oriented leaders gives
rewards to staff members whenever they do some good work. This kind of leadership aid the
Tesco in managing staff well and retaining talent for longer duration in Tesco.
M4
Path goal theory explains various styles of leadership that can influence behaviour of
individual at workplace. Supportive style can encourage worker and can boost them to give their
support to leaders as well. But if leaders do not support employees then workers of Tesco will be
negative which will influence behaviour and affect organisation performance.
CONCLUSION
Report shows that development of a company is largely depends on their workforce and
how they use their employees in an organization. Report helps to know that employees are
required to achieve the goals of an organization. Politics in Tesco effects overall productivity of
their employees demotivates effective employees in an organization. Power makes employees to
feel that they are unfamiliar to their organization. They feel that organization are not interested
on their benefit. Tesco needs to develop an effective culture in their organization. Because
employees feel that culture is not able to develop and fulfil their wants and desire. Culture
effects overall development of the employees in an organization. Motivation needs to build
employees and influence them to work effectively. Tesco uses all personal and professional
techniques to motivate their employees. Effective team is more important for an organization to
achieve their objectives. Effective team is able to bring communication in their work and each
and every employee have equal distribution of power and leadership. The organizational
philosophies helps Tesco to know the ir employees in an organization.

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