Leadership Styles and Motivational Theories

The assignment delves into various leadership styles, focusing on their impact on employee motivation and satisfaction. It emphasizes the significance of a positive relationship between leaders and employees, highlighting the role of motivational theories such as Path-Goal theory, Contingency theory, and social theories. The report concludes by stressing the importance of applying these theories in real-world organizational settings to enhance productivity and achieve company goals.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
P1 Influence of enterprise culture, politics and power on individualistic as well as group
activity and presentation..............................................................................................................3
P 2 Contribution of content and procedure hypothesis of motivating.........................................6
P3 What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..........................................8
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior within enterprise............................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
An association behavior is simply denoted as a examination of the method in that an
individual communicates or interact with other one in organization having the intention of
attaining few goals and objectives (Salin and Hoel, 2011). Commonly, it represents the proper
manner in that a firm is going to run its enterprise by taking care of small as well as macro
component and its impacts. Additionally, the performance of venture is also affected by
civilization, cognition and government at greater level. Thus, it can be aforesaid that structure
activity is the overview of both workers as well as company itself. The document is rely on
culture and politics of A David & Co Limited which is a small and medium sized company in
United Kingdom. It offers good quality of food and beverages to their customers and are earning
an income of around £10M to £20M per annum. In given assignment, the impact of
organizational civilization, power and politics has been represented in depth. In addition to this,
various motivational theories such as process and content theories must explained so that the
selected firm can use this and improve the even of motivation in their employees in order to
increase their overall performance.
P1 Influence of enterprise culture, politics and power on individualistic as well as group activity
and presentation
Organizational culture is nothing but a set of experiences, expectations, philosophy as
well as values that provide guidance to the staff members’ behavior. And it can be expressed in
the internal working, self-image, interactions with the outer world and the future expectations of
workers. Corporation can elevate their enactment by following and enforcing these values which
are discovered or founded on the respect and interpretations (Lumley, Tladinyane and Ferreira,
2011). The culture of organization also highlights values, symbols, visions, rules, legislations,
language, beliefs, habits and assumptions of a company. It also impacts greatly on the
performance level of an individual as well as group and influences community on a larger extent.
The influence of culture can be clearly understood by following points :
 Behavior of each and every person working in the venture is largely affected by the rules
and regulations of the management as it provides shapes to their working capabilities in
various manner. For instance, if some personnel are following the policies of A David &
Co Limited in a presented style then it impromptu unexpected them towards achieving

additional financial gain as well as prevent every person from any kind of penalty and
compensations.
 Secondly, culture impacts on the presentation or working of employees by inspiring them
towards their professional as well as personalized goals without abusing the policies of
venture.
 Moreover, it also polishes the skills and qualities present in every worker within
organization by providing them good training and development programs so that they do
not face any type of problems while working in company (Odetunde, 2013).
 Culture also promotes them towards maintaining politeness and decency so that any
disputes will not arise among employees and employers and harmony would remain
maintained in working environment.
 It also maintains healthy relations between supervisors and associates making clear their
all complaints which is proved to be very advantageous for eth whole association.
 It aids in creating a positive atmosphere which seek the attention of large number of
consumers as well as employees.
 Intimacy and togetherness is the key of achieving success for A David & Co Limited as it
assists in acquiring their aims and objectives as fast as possible.
In addition to this, culture is classified into some elements which are :
 Power culture : In this type of culture, power is segmented in the hand of few people
who control whole work force.
 Task culture : Here specific task is allocated to personnel as per their skills and
qualifications.
 Role culture : This culture state that management give different roles to persons so that
the goal and targets of venture can achieved in a given time frame.
 Person culture : In this type of culture, Person understand itself superior than
organization and do not give importance to their work and go to work place only for
earning revenue.
Coming towards organization politics, it is a term that is referred as an unofficial,
unceremonious and sometime it acts as an obstacle for whole corporation as it generates
misconception between employees that give a negative impact on work of every staff member of
firm. Power and politics plays a very important role in the A David & Co Limited because all of

the decisions taken by governing bodies and the team members of management influence on the
performance of whole workforce and its behaviors (Kitchin, 2017). Therefore, it can be said that
these two terms are interconnected with one another due to their good and bad affects. Generally,
it has been recognized that politics and power are affecting in negatively or positively manner
due to their roles and duties towards overall organization. The impact of power and politics can
be better understood by following points :
Positive affects :
 Strict rules and norms build equality among the staff members and no one will be
discriminated on the basis of age, sex, color, race, caste, religions, etc. For instance, if
same legislation or policies is followed by each and every worker then it automatically
minimizes discernment at the working place (Norton, Zacher and Ashkanasy, 2014).
 Accomplishment of assigned projects and services is done in before the dead line without
wasting time because of strict rules.
 As products and services are manufactured in given time frames, therefore maximum
amount of revenue get generated in very less time period by attaining the targets and
aims.
Negative impacts :
 Some of the politics played in venture creates conflicts among employers and employees
which greatly influence success of firm as well as creates disturbance in peaceful
surrounding of workplace.
 Due to stricter rules and regulations, there is lack of effectual communication between
lower and higher level of authority.
 The workers feel more stress and pressure due to high work load which might result in
migration of employees as it adversely effects on health of personnel.
Power and politics are having major impact on behavior of team and its performance
because all the elements are interlinked with each other in various manner. For example;
authority of a person is influencing the productivity as well as if there is any conspiracy
identified at workplace then it can definitely create problem for staff members while performing
assigned job role.
As a HR manager, I think that higher authorities of A David & Co Limited should pay
more focus on their power, culture and politics as these all terms laid a great impact on

performance of workers as well as whole corporation. They should also create a positive
relationship with their employees so that they would not migrate to other companies and helps
them in achieving their own aims and objectives of manufacturing high quality goods and
services.
P 2 Contribution of content and procedure hypothesis of motivating
It is necessary for an organization is to maintain and improve their performance as it will
help in improving the employees workers and also gaining productivity in proper manner. In
David & Co Limited should precede some motivational theories for motivate employees in order
to achieving their intention and targets effectively. Conventional explanation is one of the
important motivational hypothesis which describes the nature of human being and also some
changes that need in given time period. It is also known as need hypothesis which mainly focus
on importance of determining what propel relate to a person. In this, Maslow's Hierarchy are
requirement are described as under:
 Psychological needs : In this, an individual required to focus on basic needs which
includes clothes and shelter.
 Safety needs : After getting psychological needs and requirements, a person deserves
safety and security themselves at the working place. For example, each worker require to
perform activity at risk less and hazardous place so they does not harm.
 Social needs : A person need to deal with society which includes love, human being,
household associates, etc so that they can get emotional support from the other persons.
 Esteem : An employees required to be get respect and appreciation from their colleagues
at the work place so that this will feel motivated and motivate towards doing work.
 Self actualization : It is one of the highest horizontal series where workers get success
ad growth in gaining all desired needs and wants.
This theory could help individuals David & Co Limited in meeting their daily targets in
specific time frame, if manager of David & Co Limited would start using this hypotheses, it will
directly improve motivation level and they might become much more loyal towards David & Co
Limited.
On the other hand, a team may also feel motivated as may perform well if David & Co
Limited will start using this type of theory at workplace. As, every single individual in a team

stays filled with their needs and requirements and focusing their person need and then on a
regular basis proper improvement may help them in reaching to new heights.
Herzberg theory of motivation:
Hygiene factors disobeys the motivation. The motivation factor provides positive
satisfaction,factors like recognition, sense of achievement,growth and promotion) always
motivate the employees . These factors called satisfies and increase the motivation.
 Recognition:If the employee praise and recognized by their managers that give them
motivation
 outputs: The employees must have sense of achievement that gave them satisfaction.
 Growth opportunities: the growth opportunities like promotion help to motivate.
 Responsibilities: Responsibilities always motivate the employees Interesting work : Work
according to the employee's always motivate them.
Herzberg's theory of motivation: It divided the job factor in two categories:
a)Hygiene factors-These are essential job factors for the existence of motivation at
workplace.
 Pay – it should be appropriate and reasonable , should be equal nand competitive to those
in the same industry.
 Fringe benefits:employees should be offered health care plans, benefits for family
members.
 Working conditions: it should be safe ,clean and hygienic, equipments should be well
maintained.
 Status: Status of employee should be familiar and retained.
 Job security:it should provide job security to employees.
This theory could help improving satisfactory level of individuals at David & Co Limited
as they might get safe ,clean and hygienic, equipment to use at workplace.
On the other hand, if it is talked about team than David & Co Limited could directly be
improved through getting proper job security to employees.
 Vroom’s expectancy theory : In this approach, it is assumes the action results from
sensible choices and preferences among opinions which main purpose is to add the
pleasure and reduces stress. This concept stated that the employees performance which
depend upon an individual aspects such as skills, personality, experience, knowledge,

capabilities and motivation which are related with inspiring a person. He determined that
performance and motivation that are related with motivating an individual. Expectancy
can be referred as improving efforts which would be best and this can lead towards
enhancing performance. It is directly impact by resources which are available, skills etc.
instrumentality is the belief that if someone do well then good results would be received.
This is directly affected by clear indulgent of he relation among performance and
consequences. Valence can be defined as importance where an individual places upon
expected results.
 A belief of goal setting by Locke & Latham : According to this theory, an individual
have more problematic but it is help in achieving the desired goals and targets in better
manner. The former one are those goals whereby a person can doing work towards
reaching that without understanding any precise steps and therefore it motivate.
P3 What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
As a HR manager of A David & Co Limited, it is important to give more concentration
on team spirit because team work is the key to success in various manners. The cited venture is
conducting its business across whole world and because of this it need proper cooperation among
all the work force so that they can achieve their specific goals and objectives within a given time
frame. In fact, an effectual team needs proper management and cooperation among team
members in order to attain targets of group as well as personal goals which in turn aids in
achievement of whole objectives of enterprise. Different types of team members are present in
the cited firm which are described below :
 Functional team members : These are set of members who plays different roles and
conduct some special task. Members present are of different qualifications and
characteristics but work for achieving common goals.
 Problem solving team : These are temporary and cross functional group of person who
are from different departments, skills and interest and also possess different roles and
responsibilities (Carlström and Ekman, 2012). The priority of this team is to give fast and
permanent solution to a given problem of venture.
 Project team : Such people are assigned for doing a particular type of project and helps
in removing problems. They are signed for a specific time period as are removed after
completion of a project.

 Virtual team : This group is formed with the help of modern technology. These people
are not physically present at workplace but are connected with each other as well as
venture through internet and that is why known as virtual teams. They do communication
via online or many conferencing technologies and solves particular issues present in
company. By this way, they contribute in the development of corporation without
presenting at official sites.
Tuckman has given a model whereby he described different stages of building an
efficient team. The impacts of its development stages on individual development are discussed
below:
 Forming : This is the first stage where by roles and responsibilities of team members are
not described or clearly explained. So, team leader plays a vital role in this stage. Here
group members act politely and positively and try to know each other by working
together on a common project.
 Storming : The is the second stage and created when conflictual situation emerges within
members of team as people work in different ways and their this different style of
working build some unpredicted issues and this causes feeling of frustration among all.
 Norming : This is the third stage and started when people gradually attempts to resolve
their differences. All person appreciates other workers for their good work and also give
respect to their team heads (Bissell and Dolan, 2012). As team members are now familiar
with each other, they can ask for help to others and provide positive feedback.
 Performing : At this step, group member become serious about their task and perform
efficiently for attaining goals and objectives of organization without any friction.
 Adjourning : Most of the unit would reach this stage ultimately. This is the last phase
where workers bind up their work.
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior within enterprise
Few philosophies and concepts are demonstrated which should be complied by A David
& Co. Ltd. In context of the present organisation, Path Goal theory is more suitable amongst all.
This emphasise influence of leadership behaviour on motivation, satisfaction and effectiveness of
worker. The hypotheses deliver major four core behaviour behaviour which are cooperated that
are discussed as below:

Familiarising Behaviour Accomplishment: The activity of leading focus on quality
performance encouragement through devising few goals which might condition employee. Sub-
ordinate target are framed for supporting better performance and core task of organisation leader
is to prosper assurance even in worker in regard of acquiring and motivating he objectives and
aims.
Clarifying Behaviour of Directive Path-Goal: As per this sort, The core aims of
organisational behaviour is to focus on reducing job ambiguities. Supervisor deliver certain
division expectations in context of task performance. In this, leaders ensure coherent
management and work schedule in order to avoid confusion which can be reduced from team-
members.
Supportive Behaviour of Leader: The initial interest of this is to deliver psychological
assistance to a person to monitor stress and disappointment from the working environment. The
key practice of team leader is to demise disappointment and stress from the worker's head so that
worker can work adequately with less depression.
Participative Behaviour of Leader: This behaviour of leader which consist of consulting
supervisor with team members regarding the performing work preferences. In this techniques,
business associated directly engage in the decision making procedure. Core positive influence on
company is to render better worker feeling as they consider oneself as proportion of organisation.
Social theory is applied in the organization to make employees feel valued and motivated.
According to the social theory, the position of an individual is benefited because of social
recognition.
On the other hand, contingency theory states that there are two kinds of leadership styles
including task oriented leaders and relationship oriented leaders. According to this leadership
there is no best way to solve any problem but there is only one way i.e. solving the problem
depending upon situation and then making decisions.
CONCLUSION
From the preceding report, it has been concluded that repairing of an association behavior
is highly important in each and every corporation as it impacts greatly on the presentation of
work force as well as whole company. So, A David & Co Limited should also maintain a good

and positive relationship with their employees. If they will not do so then it adversely effects on
their productivity as workers would not contribute in achieving their aims and objectives.
Therefore, managers have to apply few encouragement sessions in order to inspire their
employees so that they can give their best while achieving company goals and aims. This would
help in increasing the turnover of venture per year. Some of the motivational theories such as
process and content theories has been explained in this project. A David & Co Limited should
also focus on working of team member as this helps in gaining more income and profitability.
Some of the important team members are virtual team, problem solving team, functional team,
etc. which are described in more detail in this assignment.

REFERENCES
Books & journals