Organisational Power, Politics and Culture that Influence Individual and Team Behaviour and Performance

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIUOR
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Determine how an organisational power, politics and culture that influence individual
person and team behaviour and performance. ............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Explain how process and content theory of motivation & technique of motivation enable
effective accomplishing of objective in an organisational context.............................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..........................8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Explain different concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour inside an
organisational context and a given business situation...............................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12
Books and Journals...................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is described as a process in which company focuses on study of
attitude and behaviour of person as well as team member at workplace. There are various
functions included in OB like coordinating, predicting and controlling the behaviour of
individual person. It is necessary to understand the behaviour of person within an organisation
for increasing future sales and growth of the company. It helps in boosting efficiency as well as
productivity within business organisation. It is vital to understand environment , incentive,
performance of employees and many more (Borkowski, 2016).
. In this report, TESCO company is considered. TESCO is one of the largest company which is
founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919 who deal with groceries market as well as generic
commodity retailer of UK. This report defines how culture, power and politics imposes direct
impact on activities and functions of business organisation. In addition to this, the different
theories and model that are adopted by TESCO to give healthy environment within workplace.
The main aim of business organisation is to accelerate future growth and development of
company.
TASK 1
P1 Determine how an organisational power, politics and culture that influence individual person
and team behaviour and performance.
Organisational behaviour is described how culture, politics and power imposes direct
impact on performance and behaviour of individual person. It involves values and belief that are
controlled by the business organisation. Every organisation has different ways and methods of
doing work in appropriate manner. In addition to this, there are different plan of action which is
used by organisation for accomplishing objective within stipulated period of time. The manager
of company use different tactics for encouraging staff member to perform well at workplace. In
context of TESCO, the manager offer high quality products and services to its user. It offers
healthy environment that helps in accomplishing goal as well as objective at marketplace (Neck,
Houghton and Murray, 2018). The power, politics and culture imposes direct impact on TESCO
which is going to be discussed below:
Culture
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Culture refers to the activities and operations performed by every company in unique
and specific way. The culture imposes positive as well as negative impact on performance of
business organisation. It is important for manager of company to treat fairly to all subordinates in
order to generate positive environment within workplace. Therefore, it increases motivation and
satisfaction level of staff members (Carneval, 2018). It is vital for organisation to give
opportunities to employees to take participation in decision making for future growth of
company. Some organisation do not give chance to staff member to express their views and
thoughts thus it imposes negative impact on performance of staff member at workplace. In
discourse of TESCO, there are various types of culture that is used by manager which is given
below:
Power Culture: Herein, there are different rules and regulation comply by staff member
in the organisation. In some organisation, manager give power to employees in taking a decision
that helps them in increasing performance level of staff members. It is very important to take a
effective decision for achieving target within given time period. TESCO adopt strong culture to
take speedy decision at workplace.
Task Culture: The team member of company helps in identifying particular problems
related to project. In context of TESCO, the manager assign tasks and work to staff member
which must be completed within targeted time period.
Person Culture: In this culture, the person work together for achieving goal of business
organisation. They are determined as a unique as well as specific for the company .
Role Culture: In this culture, there are only few rules which is comply by staff member
of organisation. Herein, every individual person know their role and responsibilities within
organisation. This kind of company follow rigid structure.
It is vital for TESCO to provide healthy environment to its employees for improving
their performance at workplace. In assistance of this, the manager must provides rewards to staff
members for working well within organisation (McShane and Glinow, 2017). It crates friendly
environment that encourage subordinative to put some extra efforts for achieving objective of
company.
Politics
Politics is described as a self serving attitude and behaviour of staff members for
generating positive environment within organisation. Along with this, this is created by the
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employees who do not perform well at workplace. Due to politics in workplace, it imposes
negative impact on behaviour of subordinates. TESCO is one of the largest company focuses on
eliminating politics for boosting the performance level of employees. The presence of
organisational politics imposes direct impact on behaviour of employees:
Demotivation of employees: It is necessary to give appreciation rewards to its
employees for motivating them to work well within company (Castille, Buckner and
Thoroughgood, 2018). Otherwise, the staff members who work hard in company get demotivated
to perform work on time. Therefore, it is necessary to give appreciation rewards to its employees
in order to motivate them to perform well at workplace.
Productivity is decreased: The employees who involved in organisational politics it
imposes adverse impact on productivity and profitability level. Also they are not emphasised on
accomplishing objective within time frame. Due to politics arise in company thus it reduces the
productivity level which adversely affect the future success and growth of business organisation.
Ambience is spoiled: Organisational politics imposes negative impact on business
environment. Non performing employees who are making fun of other are not able to achieving
objective within stipulated time period.
In reference of TESCO, the manager must focus on avoiding internal politics within
workplace in order to increasing satisfaction and motivation level of employees. In assistance of
this, the supervisor emphasised on eliminating politics for achieving goal and objective at
workplace.
Power
It is described as authority and ability of individual person to give instruction that must
be followed by member within organisation (Latham, 2016).As per TESCO, the supervisor allot
task and works to its staff member for accomplishing objective within given period of time.
There are different activities and functions which is performed by the manager to take effective
decision for attaining goal within targeted period of time. There are various power provided to
supervisor of TESCO which is going to be discussed below:
Legitimate Power: Herein, the manager have authority to allot task and work to its
employees as well as control structure of business organisation. They assign task to employees
and observe them to complete their work on time.
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Reward Power: Hereby, the supervisor give reward to its employees in order to
appreciate them. It helps in increasing the performance of subordinates at workplace (Chen,
Chen and Sheldon, 2016). They providing appreciation to its subordination when they perform
well within workplace.
Referent Power: This is kind of power which attract other individual and maintain trust
as well as loyalty in them. They focuses on building trust for a longer period of time.
Informational Power: The supervisor identify the information related to competitors
products and services in order to collect effective information that helps in taking appropriate
decision.
Expert Power: Herein, the individual person have effective information and knowledge
in specific area of business in the marketplace. In assistance of this, the expert person involved in
team that helps in accomplishing goal within less time period.
TESCO followed reward power in order to attract employees towards achieving goal and
objective of business organisation within targeted period of time.
TASK 2
P2 Explain how process and content theory of motivation & technique of motivation enable
effective accomplishing of objective in an organisational context.
Employees motivation is described as level of competence, creativity, ability and
creativity which must possess by staff member of every organisation. It is very important for
manager to encourage subordinates for increasing productivity level at workplace. As per
TESCO, the supervisor motivate employees for accomplishing goal and objective in less time
period. TESCO is largest chain of supermarket focuses on encouraging staff member towards
organisational goal. The manager emphasised on coordinating them to perform well at
workplace. There are different theories of motivation which is given by different scholar and
scientist. It helps in identifying the need of subordinates for satisfying them. There are two kind
of motivation like extrinsic as well as intrinsic motivation offered to employees. The advantage
of these motivation provided friendly environment to its employees within organisation.
Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation
This kind of motivation comes from inner need
of an individual person as well as need to put
Whereas, this motivation comes from
considering various external factor that
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some extra efforts which is advantageous for
business organisation (Waldman, Ward, and
Becker, 2017).
motivate them. It includes power, money,
success and many more.
Motivational Theories: There are different theories and models which is analysed for
increasing motivational level of employees. It is necessary to have a positive attitude and
behaviour of staff members toward work. And also assessing the capabilities of individual person
to perform well at workplace (Devece, Palacios-Marqués and Alguacil, 2016). There are
different philosophy and theories is given to examine the behaviour of individual person. There
are different kind of motivational theory which is going to be discussed below:
Maslow's Hierarchy Theory: This motivation theory is given by Abraham Maslow in
the year 1950's. There are five level which is included in this theory for satisfying the need and
demand of individual. The manager of TESCO encourage its subordinates by satisfying their
need and wants at different stage. The primal purpose of supervisor is to motivate subordinates
for accomplishing organisational goal and objective in less period of time. There are different
level of Maslow's theory which is given below:
Physiological needs: This is the primal requirement which must be satisfied for survival
and maintenance of individual person. It is important to fulfil the basic need of individual which
includes food, water and air for motivating them to accomplish organisational goal as well as
objectives. This need must be fulfilled for the maintenance and survival of employees in order to
increase productivity as well as profitability level.
Security and safety need: After achieving basic need, it must ensure to fulfil safety and
security need. It is necessary to give monetary as well as non monetary security to subordinates
working in TESCO. In addition to this, they also offer additional rewards such as job security
and health benefits to its employees for doing work in better way.
Social need: After satisfying both physiological as well as security need the next step
involves satisfying social needs. It is compulsory for every company to satisfy the social as well
as belongingness need of an individual that helps in increasing the performance level of
employees. As per TESCO, subordinates are given all benefit that helps in building good
reputation in workplace.
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Self Esteem need: After satisfaction of above needs, the employees focuses on fulfilling
self esteem need. This need occurs when all above need are satisfied. The supervisor of TESCO
gives rewards to its subordinate for boosting their motivation as well as satisfaction level. Here,
the status, prestige and self respect of employees is considered for increasing performance level
of staff member.
Self-Actualization need: In this stage, all the need and wants of individual person must
be fulfilled. They put extra efforts to in achieving goal and objective of business organisation. In
this stage, the person achieved self actualisation need.
Vroom's Expectancy Theory: This theory was founded by Victor Vroom in the year
1964. There are different factors which is going to be discussed below:
Expectancy: Herein , it is compulsory for subordinate to put some extra efforts to
improve the quality of work. If employees do not perform their task in better way it imposes
negative impact on performance of employees within organisation. In addition to this, employees
must doing high quality work in order to increase their performance level.
Instrumentality: The individual person perform well in organisation if they are attracted
towards fulfilling the task of company. The manager of TESCO provide opportunities to
employees to take participation in decision making process.
Valency: As per this factor, every individual possess different experience. The top
management of TESCO focuses on identifying the need and wants of individual in order to
satisfy them. Also rewards is given according to the performance of employees at workplace.
In reference of TESCO, there are approx 450,000 subordinates employed in this business
organisation. There are different plan of action, policy and procedure behind the success and
growth of company. Thus, there are different motivational theories and model for encouraging
employees within organisation. In addition to this, they also provide rewards and benefits to its
employees in order to motivate them. The HR manager of Sainsbury's focuses on hiring talented
as well as capable employees for future growth and development of business organisation. This
company also follow A level program for boosting career progression and development.
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TASK 3
P3 Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Teams includes group of member work together for accomplishing task and work within
targeted period of time (Hwang and Choi, 2017).Due to presence of effective team thus it results
in increasing efficiency as well as productivity of business organisation. The top management of
TESCO focuses on making effective team for accomplishing goal within targeted period of time.
There are two kind of team effective as well as ineffective. The essential characteristics of both
team which is going to be discussed below:
Ineffective team do not possess any specific goal and objectives. They are not clear about
the vision of business organisation. Therefore it creates more chances of conflicts and grievances
arises within the employees of team. It imposes direct impact on performance level of company.
Thus, the manager of TESCO eliminating such issues and conflicts that affect the performance of
business organisation. On the other hand, Effective team specify their goal and objective clearly.
Therefore, the team member put some extra effort to complete task and work within given time
period. This is advantageous for TESCO to improve profitability level.
Tuckman Theory of team development:
This theory was founded by Bruce Tuckman in the year 1965. In this theory, there are
some person who are expertise in specific field. In this the team must have person who is expert
in particular field (Johns, 2018). There are five level which included in team development which
is given below:
Forming: It is the basic level of team development model. In this theory, the manager
allot tasks and works to employees in order to perform them. There are different activities and
function included in this level are gathering information and planning. In assistance of this, there
are various employees who comes from different culture and backgrounds to perform their work
in better way.
Storming: In this stage, the manager allot task and work to employees for completion of
project within given time period. They also give opportunities to individual to take participation
of employees in decision making process. It helps them in increasing future growth and
development of company (Klotz and et. al., 2018).Therefore, due to different suggestion and
view given by different individual it generates conflicts and grievance among member of group.
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Norming: In this stage, the employees follow rules and regulations for completing work
on time. In addition to this, they comply all policy and procedure for operations of business
activities and functions in well defined manner.
Performing: In this phase, the manager focuses on making effective strategy, policies as
well as procedure for increasing productivity within the organisation. The employee must have
knowledge, ability, competence and many more for future growth of business organisation.
Adjourning: This is the last stage of team development where manager focuses on
completion of project as well as team member get separated.
It is essential for company to work in team in order to operate its business activities and
functions in well defined manner. The supervisor of TESCO emphasised on making effective
team in order to accomplish goal and objective within given time period (Kim Eisenberger and
Baik, 2016). In addition to this, team management coordinate and cooperate work in well defined
manner. Conflict resolution plays an important role in every organisation to improve the
performance level of subordinate within workplace.
TASK 4
P4 Explain different concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour inside an
organisational context and a given business situation.
Organisational behaviour is the interaction between employer and employees working in
the business organisation. It also helps in identifying the attitude and behaviour of individual
person working inside the company. There are different factors such as value, customer, tradition
and so on. The manager plays an essential role in encourage employees in order to accomplish
goal within given time period. In reference of TESCO, the supervisor adopt some theories as
well as models which is going to be discussed below:
Business Condition: In present scenario of TESCO there is a lack of communication
between employee working within organisation. Thus it imposes direct impact on performance
of business organisation (Kinicki and Fugate, 2017). This creates issues and conflicts between
the member of team which affect the productivity as well as performance of company. To deal
effective with this situations, the supervisor adopt Path goal theory which is going to be
mentioned below:
Path Goal Theory
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Path goal theory emphasised on determining different leadership style with the purpose of
accomplishing objective and goal within targeted period of time. In discourse to TESCO, the
manager focuses on motivating and satisfying the employees for boosting profitability inside the
organisation. In addition to this, the leader change their behaviour according to the different
situations and circumstances. There are various leadership model described for motivating staff
member for achieving goal within a given time period.
Categorisation of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: As per TESCO, the supervisor examining need and
requirement of employees in order to motivate them on regular basis. This helps in building
healthy environment inside the organisation towards achieving goal and objective within
workplace. The satisfied employees perform well in the company that helps in boosting
productivity as well as profitability level.
Environment and Task attributes: It is important to examine the issues and problems
faced by employees while performing work within organisation (Klotz and Neubaum 2016). The
top management of TESCO emphasised on resolving those problems and issues in order to create
positive environment within workplace. In addition to this, they eliminating those disputes and
maintain friendly relation with the employees of company. Therefore, it assists company to boost
efficiency level as well as performance of employees in appropriate manner.
Leadership Behaviour: In this level of path goal theory, the leader adopt effective
leadership style for increasing the performance of employees. They assess the attitude and
behaviour of subordinates in order to satisfying them. The attitude and behaviour of leader
imposes direct impact on behaviour of subordinate within workplace. The supervisor of TESCO
can easily achieve objective and goal in better way within given period of time.
From the above mentioned theories, the top management of TESCO adopt participative
management style. They take participation of subordinates in decision making process that is
beneficial for company. They focuses on efforts that put by employees of company as well as
leader provides opportunities to take participation in decision making process. It helps in creating
positive environment where employees can easily share their issues and problems in appropriate
manner. In addition to this, this participative style helps in making stronger relationship between
employees that improve their performance level. This kind of style have both positive and
negative impact. In reference of favourable environment, the subordinates are motivated towards
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work completed on time in order to accomplish objective. It helps in increasing productivity by
eliminating conflicts and grievances that arise in the workplace. Whereas, the negative factor is it
create a possibility of disputes between the employees of company. The management team of
company determine both favourable as well as unfavourable factor which affect environment .
Apart from this, TESCO is one of the largest chain of supermarket which focuses on providing
healthy environment to its employees for increasing their performance level. It helps them in
boosting future sales and growth of business organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned topics, it has been analysed that the behaviour and attitude of
individual imposes direct impact on performance of business organisation. It is very important
for manager to identify the need and requirement of subordinates in order to satisfy them. It
create positive environment within company as well as eliminating disputes arise among the
member. In assistance of this, different concepts, models, theories and philosophies adopted by
management team for satisfying the demands of subordinates in suitable manner. Beside from
this, through the effective team , company is able to execute their work effectively and
accomplish goal and objective within given period of time. In context of TESCO, the main
purpose of company is to increase efficiency level by motivating subordinates of business
organisation.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Carnevale, D., 2018. Organizational development in the public sector. Routledge.
Castille, C. M., Buckner, J. E. and Thoroughgood, C. N., 2018. Prosocial citizens without a
moral compass? Examining the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical
pro-organizational behavior. Journal of Business Ethics. 149(4). pp.919-930.
Chen, M., Chen, C. C. and Sheldon, O. J., 2016. Relaxing moral reasoning to win: How
organizational identification relates to unethical pro-organizational behavior. Journal of
Applied Psychology. 101(8). p.1082.
Devece, C., Palacios-Marqués, D. and Alguacil, M. P., 2016. Organizational commitment and its
effects on organizational citizenship behavior in a high-unemployment
environment. Journal of Business Research. 69(5). pp.1857-1861.
Hwang, K. and Choi, M., 2017. Effects of innovation-supportive culture and organizational
citizenship behavior on e-government information system security stemming from
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Johns, G., 2018. Advances in the treatment of context in organizational research. Annual Review
of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 5. pp.21-46.
Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R. and Baik, K., 2016. Perceived organizational support and affective
organizational commitment: Moderating influence of perceived organizational
competence. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 37(4). pp.558-583.
Kinicki, A. and Fugate, M., 2017. Loose Leaf for Organizational Behavior: A Practical, Problem-
Solving Approach. McGraw-Hill Education.
Klotz, A. C. and Neubaum, D.O., 2016. Article commentary: Research on the dark side of
personality traits in entrepreneurship: Observations from an organizational behavior
perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 40(1). pp.7-17.
Klotz, A. C. and et. al., 2018. Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of
organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 39(5). pp.629-
647.
Latham, G. P., 2016. Goal setting: A possible theoretical framework for examining the effect of
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McShane, S. and Glinow, M. A. V., 2017. Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill Education.
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