Organisational Theory and Practice

This study material explores the principles of management, organisational structure, leadership styles, power and influence, and motivation strategies used by Thomas Cook. It discusses the management style, principles, and functions, the steps taken to achieve high performance, the leadership style, the effects of power, influence, and conflicts, and various motivation strategies used by the company. The content also provides examples of corporate practices that can be followed.

Organisational theory and
practice

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
Examination of management style, principles and functions......................................................1
Organisational structure and steps taken to achieve high performance.......................................2
Leadership style...........................................................................................................................3
Effects of power, influence and conflicts....................................................................................4
Various motivation strategies used by Thomas Cook.................................................................5
Examples of corporate.................................................................................................................6
Recommendations........................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Cause of rapid changing world and increase in rivalry companies are pressurised to improve
with time and develop such as framework that is flexible enough so that the changing
requirements can be entrenched in the system. Flexibility has become a crucial aspect which will
assist the firm in accepting diverse modifications arising in marketplace circumstances. It is the
responsibility of administrator to handle different functions and control as well as administrate
the activities in an establishment (Salt, 2018). Thomas Cook was a British Travel sector
company which was incorporated on 19 June 2007. There were two different parts of the teams
which were a tour operator and an airline venture. This written document will consider
information about management style, principles and functions of management that were utilised
by the CEO of Thomas Cook. In addition to it, organisational structure is also defined so that the
high execution can be accepted in the organisational culture of respective firm and also diverse
influences on workforce will also discuss. The document consist leadership style and several
kinds of motivational concepts as well as analysis of effect of power, influence and issue in
Thomas Cook will also explain in the report.
TASK
Examination of management style, principles and functions
Management indicates to planning, conducting and performing effectiveness in reference
to accomplish the aims and objectives of the business enterprise. A management form is a way
that is utilized by administrators in a business to attain all their goals. Principles of
administration indicate to the processes included in administration like planning, conducting and
controlling different business activities and operations that consider materials, assets and
systems. It is the responsibility of a manager in an establishment to look after several aspects of
principles of management and select the effective form to be implemented to a firm
(Gunasekaran and et. al., 2018). It is the accountability of an efficient leader to carry out all these
actions which will consider improving of an administrative form, selecting the principles of
administration and also distinguishing different functions of management that will be included in
an establishment.
Thomas Cook utilized instruction plan of action form administration. The aim of the tool is
to combine diverse activities in a company and it mainly concentrates on improving exclusive
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system that can be executed on an enterprise appropriately. In the following activity all these
trends present with a venture are utilized and concentrated on delivering the high quality of
facility to the target audiences. The directive administration strategy basically based on skills,
characteristics, abilities and experiences s well as knowledge of administrator who leads workers
in a corporation in an entity and also assures that the effective quality of commodity an d
facilities offered to target audiences.
Another example, for management style can be affiliate administrative form that basically
concentrates on attaining the aims and also designing a harmonious atmosphere in the business.
It indicates to the values of mutual advantage, believe, respect and collaboration in a business
(Hayes, 2018). Primarily, this form of administration concentrates on generating a favorable
place of work and bond among employees who are engaged in the firm. Sainsbury utilizes this
form of management. Another management style utilized by a amount of firms is persuasive
administrative form. This is a management style as autocratic style within different qualities is
strong and centralized control of determination devising in commerce. The administrators
following influential managers trail take the determinations themselves but also spend most of
their times with the workforce rather than purely utilizing autocratic form of administration. This
form of administration is used in Tesco.
Organisational structure and steps taken to achieve high performance
Organisational structure indicates to a system which refers how several actions and works
are assigned, organised, directed and controlled regarding the accomplishment of aims and goals
in a firm. It considers rules, policies and accountabilities of diverse human resource working in a
firm. The organisational structure also analyses the flow of information in a company among
diverse extents in a venture. The organisational framework at Thomas Cook was based on its
function. There were numerous functions like human resource, marketing, finance and sales that
developed the organisational structure of Thomas Cook.
Thomas Cook growth and quality of facility which they offered for consumer fulfilment
what an immense rationale for the development of enterprise (Johnston and Sheehan, 2020). The
organisational culture of venture is enabled in taking effective determinations and measuring
them appropriately. Its culture included of diverse divisions, groups and sub-units. It also
empowers workers in firm as they are trained and developed in reference to offer effective
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fulfilment to customer. It is efficient for both company and manpower along with maximising
productivity for establishment.
The organisational framework of Thomas Cook also concentrated on committing regarding
managing immense relationships and consumer involvement in each division. They made
effective communication with consumers (Leiber, Stensaker and Harvey, 2018). They aimed at
offering high quality facilities in reference to accomplish high consumer satisfaction. There was
a range of social networking websites developed through them in respect to involve consumers
and build deeper bond with them acknowledging them appropriately.
Another organizational framework utilized by a range of firms is divisional structure. It is
normally utilized by a large firm that runs in diverse geographic area and has a range of smaller
companies enveloped in it. Cause of this framework, it is potential for companies to develop
quickly and particularly taking care of every function and division of firm efficiently. However,
following this framework of corporation may bring issues in communication as diverse
departments do not perform cooperating with each other and it can also cost a lot to the company
cause of size and scope of commerce. Walmart is a large firm with its branches spread crosswise
the globe. It is one of the largest firms dealing in retail marketplace and utilizes divisional
framework efficiently in reference to administrate all the businesses and diverse departments of
it throughout the globe.
Leadership style
The leadership style indicates to a form within the leader of a company determines to
operate the whole venture empowering and motivating all the worker in reference to satisfy the
needed objectives and aims of an establishment in specified time duration. There was a range of
modification in leadership form analyzed in Thomas Cook. One of the main attribute of its
leadership form was inspirational leadership that enabled in informing with the modifications
needed for business as per the changes occurring macro business atmosphere (James, Crawford
and Oplatka, 2018). In reference to assure constant development and improvement in the
company the leaders have remunerated special importance on devising its manpower skilled and
communicating diverse ability and knowledge development sessions along with providing
training to them. It has also enabled the venture in adding efficiency in performance of different
activity.
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There are different other leadership forms like transformational leadership style that assists
in steering the firm regarding development by modifying a range of different existing activities
and culture in the establishment. The administrators of Tesco appropriately utilize this form of
leadership so that they can support the company by bringing in more effective and adequate plan
of actions in it.
Another most ordinary utilized leadership form is autocratic leadership style. In it, the
leader with respective leadership style holds all the authorities in a firm (Eden and Ackermann,
2018). This is an adequate leadership form utilized by several ventures that authorizes them to
take determinations rapidly. They do not require discussing towards determination devising
activity with all the workers in the firm. Mainly the functional administrators of the company are
offers with autocratic leadership form so that can appropriately make determinations for their
function. The administrators in Ford utilize this kind of administration style of autocratic
leadership in reference to assure that all the determination in diverse division such as production
sales, marketing, operations and human resource is completed appropriately.
Transactional leadership style is also the effective leadership style that assists in respect
to growth for an establishment. The accountabilities and roles in a transaction leadership form
are exactingly explained. The role of a leader in this form of leadership is to ensure that all the
accountabilities of a worker and people are segregated equally and efficiently so that favourable
outcomes can be offered out of them. There is a range of rivers as Wills Penalty is utilised in this
leadership form in respect to grow distance and read out the weaknesses accessible in an
individual performing in company. Ryanair utilised this form of leadership in their business
venture.
Effects of power, influence and conflicts
Power indicates to the capability of a person with the assistance of that, they can impact
other individuals in reference to do what they want. It is frequently though that authority if good
and ideal but there are several of conflicts that can be improved in a firm due to power (Cooper,
2018). It is often observed that authority might modify the individual as the increase to the top of
firm and also the precedence of their aims and needs towards the establishment modifications. It
is regularly distinguished cause of much power people fails to acknowledge the viewpoint of
other individuals and also ignore the feelings of other individual by being less polite. Also, when
someone in authority countenance intimidating by someone else, they act forcefully and radically
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in reference to protect the position of their supremacy. Problem basically occurs in a firm cause
of requirement for authority by different people performing a company. There are a range of
needless complexities taking place in a company cause of issues which have diverse
unfavourable impact on the quality and efficiency of the task in a venture. It is the accountability
of an administrator in a firm to efficiently perform and assure there are not issues and even if any
problem occurs in the venture, it is their duty to assure that it is determined considerably.
The administrator viewed Thomas Cook assures that no one is taking benefit of the power
assigned by firm to them. In reference to do so they maintain on execution administration plan in
reference to assure that supremacy is not forcing anyone from satisfying their particular role and
accountabilities (Larson and Foropon, 2018). They administrate the execution on a quarterly
basis in respect to rank the workers and manage their execution.
Also, the administrators in Thomas Cook assure that there are no issues occurring among
workers executing in the firm. In respect to so that they manage effective communication in the
venture among workforce at each extent. The thoughts and creation brought in through each
worker is offered equivalent importance and they are permitted to assist in determination
devising activity in the firm. They assure that workers in the firm remain in mind the view of
other individual so that there are no issues among them. The roles and accountabilities are
segregated effectively in the firm in reference to assure that a worker can individually execute all
the responsibilities without interface of anyone else. in the following form administrator in
Thomas Cook ensure there are no benefits utilised by workers out of their control and impact that
may occur issue in firm.
Various motivation strategies used by Thomas Cook
Motivation is require for accomplishing division in each firm in reference to assure that all
the workers and manpower of a firm are efficiently executing and satisfying all the work. It is the
duty of an administrator to ensure that encouragement level of worker is always kept up. The
motivational abilities of a manager also assist to analyse the commitment of diverse human
resource of the firm regarding their task (Veldsman and Veldsman, 2020). There is a range of
empowerment components utilised by the administrators that Thomas Cook to assure that the
workers stay encouraged.
Manager at respective firm maintain trust and confidence in their worker to encourage
them. They show mutual trust and cooperation with all the manpower so that they can stay
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encouraged. The leadership in Thomas Cook take great care in encouraging the worker and also
generating a favourable workplace in the firm. It assists the workforce to keep up with their task
and also make involvement in determination devising activity of enterprise. Due to
empowerment offered by administrators, employers are never threatened or nervous to put
forward their thoughts. It also assists in motivating the feeling of belongingness in workers
regarding the ideas.
Another form utilised by administrator at Thomas Cook to empower their workers is by
encouraging them by setting examples (Prøitz and Wittek, 2020). They assure that they
powerfully mention diverse abilities and skills that are needed by a person. The leader make
effectiveness to show the task which is to be executed by worker by setting out all their abilities
and knowledge. This empowers workers and inspires them to move in the path of administrator
or leader and accomplish the equal experience and aims that they have attained throughout their
life in the venture.
Another method that can be utilized by Thomas Cook in reference to encourage the
workers by offering them a range of non-monetary advantages. It consider favorable place of
work in a firm. Feedbacks, response, thoughts and perceptions of each worker towards the
function and actions in a company are gathered by administrators that assists them in motivating
and inspiring. It demonstrates that workers revolved to become more obligated to words their
task and aims of corporation. The activity assists in creating effective relationship among
employers and company motivating them, looking after and bringing company in the venture by
building mutual faith and advantage among all the workers.
Examples of corporate
There are a range of corporate examples that can be demonstrated to follow the similar
style of administration, leadership and motivational conceptions utilized by Thomas Cook in
reference to operate their company efficiently (Enya, Pillay and Dempsey, 2018). The example
of some establishment is defined as under:
Thomas Cook implements directive plan of administration in reference to amalgamate
several activities in the company and also concentrate on improving diverse systems so that
different plan of actions can be executed appropriately in the firm. Unilever also utilizes the
similar management form in reference to assure that qualities, skills, attributes and knowledge of
administrators can be utilized in respect to ensure that all the manpower of a company are
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concentrating on efficiency and immense quality in reference to bring fulfillment to the
establishment.
Thomas Cook implements motivational leadership styles in respect to ensure that the
leader is paying attention on communicating different abilities and experience by diverse growth
programs and training to the manpower executing under them. Toyota also uses this style of
leadership as the main purpose of organizations to offer quality facility to their consumers
(Howitt, 2019). In reference to execute so the leaders assure that all the activities in the
organization are accomplished effectively utilizing different techniques like total quality
management, lean production and six sigma etc. It is the accountability of administrator to train
their workers efficiently in respect to properly implement this form of leadership in the firm.
The motivational plan utilised by Thomas Cook assure that the entire workforce are
empowered and their aims can be supported with the organisational goals. Google utilises the
similar method of encouraging the workers performing under them so that efficiency of company
can be maximised resulting in maximise and profitability for the firm. It is completed by offering
the employs with different fiscal and non-monetary advantages.
Recommendations
Although all the administration tools implemented by Thomas Cook is this efficient in
operating the firm appropriately and earning profits for business firm. Though there is always
scope for development in form. Some of the suggestions, that can be followed and considered by
Thomas Cook in reference to assure that the organizational execution in the firm can be
developed, are defined as below:
 Organization should utilize bottom to top approach for communicate so that workers have
the power and authority to share thoughts about diverse functions and actions taking
place in the venture (Kontinen, 2018). It is often seen that there are range of conflicts
occurring in the firm which don not reach to the top management of the company and
also employs in the establishments get demotivated cause of it. Implementing bottom to
top approach for communicate will assist in developing worker’s execution in the
enterprise.
 Establishment can implement a different form of leadership like transformational
leadership style that is utilized by the CEO of Amazon. This leadership form believes in
making constant development in the workers of a company. In this leadership form, the
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leader performs with the unit and find out diverse modifications required and also leads
the group efficiently. It will be effective for respective organization in maximizing their
organizational execution with the assistance of this leadership form.
 Thomas Cook can utilize Maslows hierarchy theory of needs in reference to encourage
their workers (Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre, 2020). It will assist the firm in
acknowledging diverse extent of requirements of a worker and the hierarchy within they
are needed to be satisfied by the company. In addition to offering non-monetary
advantages, organization should concentrates on offering diverse communal, respect and
self actualization demand of workers which will assist in encouraging them an outcome
in maximize in organizational execution.
CONCLUSION
It is determined form the above defines information that with immense power comes
great accountabilities. There for them being appointed as CEO of large company as Thomas
Cook brought a lot of accountabilities in the shoulder of Peter Fankhauser. There are a range of
diverse circumstance and feature that an administrator requires to look into in reference to
develop the execution of a company. There are several authorities and advantages that a manager
can bring in, fir workers and companies suffering an amount of challenges, It is required to
determine the modifying macro atmosphere around the firm and make appropriate
determinations to accepted the issue in atmosphere by an administrator. With the assistance of
adequate leadership form and effective plan of action an administrator can lead and direct the
company on the needed path and also lead it to accomplish all the objectives and aims set.
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REFERENCES
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Gunasekaran, A. and et. al., 2018. Bridging humanitarian operations management and
organisational theory.
Hayes, J., 2018. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave.
Johnston, J. and Sheehan, M. eds., 2020. Public relations: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Leiber, T., Stensaker, B. and Harvey, L.C., 2018. Bridging theory and practice of impact
evaluation of quality management in higher education institutions: a SWOT
analysis. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), pp.351-365.
James, C., Crawford, M. and Oplatka, I., 2018. An affective paradigm for educational leadership
theory and practice: connecting affect, actions, power and influence. International
Journal of Leadership in Education.
Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2018. Theory into practice, practice to theory: Action research in
method development. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(3), pp.1145-
1155.
Cooper, M.D., 2018. The safety culture construct: theory and practice. In Safety Cultures, Safety
Models (pp. 47-61). Springer, Cham.
Larson, P.D. and Foropon, C., 2018. Process improvement in humanitarian operations: an
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Veldsman, T.H. and Veldsman, D., 2020. Critically problematising existing organisational
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identity. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 46.
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between theory and practice?. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(5), pp.560-578.
Enya, A., Pillay, M. and Dempsey, S., 2018. A systematic review on high reliability
organisational theory as a safety management strategy in construction. Safety, 4(1), p.6.
Howitt, D., 2019. Introduction to qualitative research methods in psychology: Putting theory
into practice. Pearson UK.
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Kontinen, T., 2018. Learning and Forgetting in Development NGOs: Insights from
Organisational Theory. Routledge.
Heding, T., Knudtzen, C.F. and Bjerre, M., 2020. Brand Management: Mastering Research,
Theory and Practice. Routledge.
Bourne, M., Melnyk, S. and Bititci, U.S., 2018. Performance measurement and management:
theory and practice. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Vincent, K. and et. al., 2018. What can climate services learn from theory and practice of co-
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