Organisations and Behaviour

This document discusses the importance of behaviour in creating a culture in an organisation, the relationship between organisational structures and cultures, factors influencing individual behaviour, and different leadership styles and management approaches used by distinct companies. It also explores the impact of leadership styles on motivation, the use of motivational theories in the work environment, group behaviour, and the effectiveness of technology in team-working.

ORGANISATIONS AND
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 difference and comparison in organisational cultures and structures...............................1
1.2 Relationship between organisation structures and cultures..............................................3
1.3 Factors influencing behaviours of individual in an organisation...................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Contrasting several leadership styles in distinct companies.............................................4
2.2 Considering organisational theory in the management...................................................5
2.3 Different management approaches utilized by distinctive association.............................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Effect of several leadership styles have on motivation....................................................7
3.2 Contrasting in between use of various motivational theories internal work environment8
3.3 Usefulness of motivation theories for administrators. ....................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Group and group behaviour..............................................................................................9
4.2 Improving team work by considering these factors.........................................................9
4.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of use of technology in team-working inside an association10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
“We can change culture if we change behaviour of employees.” Hence, behaviour plays a
very important role in creating a culture and surroundings where people work. An organisation
consists of many individuals who are indulged in doing various activities and jointly they
contributes to the achievement of common goals of business. Likewise, organisational behaviour
plays an important role in an association where some business going on. Organisational
behaviour consists of the way in which people in a company have to behave in regards to roles
and responsibilities with job they've been working for. The way in which a person works varies
from individual to individual which have been stated in this word document. Various
management techniques and theories for leading people for maintenance of proper working
culture has been justified in this assignment. The need of a proper culture in order to execute the
operations of City College and Enterprise rent-a-car have been briefed in this entire study.
TASK 1
1.1 difference and comparison in organisational cultures and structures
Hierarchy of an association is efficiently confined which set out of rules and directions
of an organization (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011). The structure characterizes entire working
of an association. It decides means and procedures which can help to accomplish in a particular
time. It expresses line in which data is conveyed down from levels in an association.
Tall structure Flat structure Long chain of
command
Short chain of
command
Broad control Narrow
control
An
organisation
have tall
structure when
it operates in
diversified
business as
well as its
business
In this type of
structure the
responsibilitie
s are not
decentralised
much as they
have less
diversification
s. Rent-a-car
Here the
command of
work is long
there are
several levels
through which
command
surpasses
simultaneousl
Here the
command of
action is
confined to a
small number
of people and
they receive
the order from
a limited
The control is
spread
between
departments
and functions
of the
company due
to its large
operations.
The size of
company is
small so there
is a narrow
controlling
system. The
Rent-a-car
enterprise is
developing it
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operations are
spread at
various
locations. City
college have
diversified
business and
this structure
is followed in
this.
follow this
structure of
organisation.
y the
employees
works. City
college have
this kind of
command
(Berry,
Carpenter and
Barratt, 2012).
number of
personnels.
These are used
by Rent-a-car.
This is used by
City college as
it have many
department for
studies
according to
which control
is proceeded.
also have
many
functions but
they all are
confined to
provide car
services to
people so this
controlling
system is used.
The culture can further be described with reference to Charles Handy's four model
approach and they are listed below:
Power culture Role culture Task culture Person culture
The power is confined
in hands of a single
person who directs
whole organisation.
Centralised is at high
peak. Less
involvement of
employees.
There is a role of each
and every person in an
association which is
taken at a very high
consideration. The
employees are valued
as they are
contributing in
organisation by some
or the other way.
Matrix and project
based structural
designs are high taken
into considerations.
The main purpose is to
accomplish the task
which is assigned by
the people who are
working upon it.
This is more like a
casual structure where
the people are working
for their own
development as well as
organisations welfare.
Decentralisation is at
high peak.
One more model that is Edgar Schein’s Iceberg Model can be used to demonstrate culture
of various types:
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Artifacts Values Assumed values
The interior and exterior
design of employees and the
organisation premises is
included in this element which
plays a major role in
identifying culture
Values of employees plays an
important role in identifying
the culture of an organisation.
Perception which is there in
mind of employees already
cannot be measured or
assumed which specifies how
employees think in their ways.
Structure of association is efficiently surrounded by its culture. It helps to determine the
standards and control on people which is essential (Champoux, 2016). Operations of
organisation like Rent-a-car and City College are has directly linked with the hierarchy of
management. An appropriate hierarchy in the organisation can help to develop a better quality
culture.
1.2 Relationship between organisation structures and cultures
There is a major role which have been played by culture and structures of organisations
in order to achieve goals and targets. Centralised structure builds up culture of a company
according to it which is there in City college as the power lies in top management. Decentralised
structure makes its really convenient and very casual for the people to work in a company.
Hence, the structures have major impact on business of a company so as its culture is impacted
by them. As both of them works hand in hand.
Flat structure states the centralised roles which have been used by City college and the
tall structure which have been used by Rent-a-car states the culture of an organisation whether it
is casual or very much disciplined. Also there is a huge depiction of authoritative and
participative styles of leadership used in both of the associations which gives the picture of
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working culture company have (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). Both companies have structures
according to which working culture can be specified which can help a person to identify the
working condition in company.
1.3 Factors influencing behaviours of individual in an organisation
People and group of people runs a firm. Human asset in a corporation are not equivalent
in terms of their aptitudes, qualities, age and many components. Mentalities of every faculty in
institution contrasts which impacts conduct of the practices of every people working in
association and structure of association additionally a factor which impacts practices at work
place. Few components which impact the practices of work drive inside administration are as per
following:-
 Leadership
Initiative and administrator of a company are most widely recognized factor which
impacts the conduct of people in association. Relentless polices of a pioneer in an administration
impacts the practices (Chun and et.al., 2013). There are few times it makes negative impact on
people feels to leave employment due to strictness by leaders. Strictness can be advantageous in
situations where representatives don't work properly.
 Work culture inside enterprise
Work culture straightforwardly impact the conduct of people in peer condition. Better
working condition in a business venture can help to develop better things specialist which can
help to work better to employees. Worst organisational culture can make an adverse impact on
the employees which can decrease their productivity.
 Job responsibilities
Employment obligations given employees has to as per their skills which can help to
them work out properly. It is essential that workers has to make their efforts appropriately which
can help to them to accomplish their job responsibilities.
M1 Apply appropriate strategies to find out solutions
There are various number of action plan are identify which are helpful in finding out the
solution for many work based problems. Thus, managers have to apply proper strategies through
which they become able to deal with different perspective employees in an entity. More number
of employees harm the working and pattern of a company. Thus, a free and open session with
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managers and superior become enable to deal with such conflicts which is consider as major
solution.
M2 Design adequate strategies
One of an adequate action plan to deal with is open and free session with all employees.
This have to get design in an adequate manner in which every employee will lead to take active
participation. This process is helpful in dealing with variety number of problems and issues
which are harmful for long term sustainability of business.
M3 Present and communicate adequate findings
On the basis of above situation which reflect that business is going to affect by various
number of activities. On the basis of above situation it get determine that business have to get
done in an adequate manner in which each and every employee are affected by different interest
from each other. The appropriate findings on the basis of this is that such situation get improved
by conducting a open and free session with each and every employee of a company.
TASK 2
2.1 Contrasting several leadership styles in distinct companies
Most of the time an organisation selects it's leadership style according to their needs
which helps to them to work better and attain their organisation objectives. Selection of
hierarchy also impacts on the productivity of the company so it is essential for the leaders to use
an appropriate hierarchy in the management which can help to them to improve their
productivity of employees. Positive effect may prompt expansion in generation and profit of the
association while wrong chosen style will prompt on the organisational change in positive
manner and organisational profits (Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson, 2011). Different leadership
styles impacts are here on the organisation;
Autocratic leadership style Participative leadership style
This style creates low involvement of
specialists in administration choice. Style has
some negative effects on working of
association. Style can have positive effect on
adequacy of city school as it is claimed by
Participative administration style expresses that
work in a company ought to be separated
among people and divisions which will
diminish weight of employment from single
individual and will help in inclusion of every
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private proprietors on the other hand these
style have negative effect on lease an auto
venture due to its vast working zone. It won't
help in specialization of work in a company.
person in work place. Participative style will
help both association i.e. Rent-a-car enterprise
and City college in viable working. It can help
to the organisational management to improve
workings of employees and make better
changes in the productivity of each employee.
2.2 Considering organisational theory in the management
It helps to the company to use a rational system, human resource allocation which can
support in improving production of products and services. This theory is having control and
ruled on the organisational structure which supports in maintaining productivity of employees.
Distinctive theories are utilized by diverse associations. Some of the different theories which are
used in this organisational theories are classical, scientific, contingency, human relation etc. the
car company is used human relation theory to determine the needs and of their employees to
improve their productivity. It can help to the organisation to use their human resources in a better
manner which can help to utilise better (DiPaola and Tschannen-Moran, 2014). It is essential to
provide a better management to employees which can help to them to improve productivity and
efficiency of employees to attain their objectives with in their time deadline.
On the other side City college uses logical approach which focuses to utilise their human
resources in a better manner according to their skills and qualities which can help to them to
perform better. Scientific approach of management highlights to use quality employees on work
which can help to organisation to attain their objectives and goals in better way.
2.3 Different management approaches utilized by distinctive association
Each and every organisation is used different types of management styles which is based
on the business operations, organisational structure and some other factors. Use of different
management approaches determine targets and goals attainment by the company. It is essential
for each organisation's higher management to determine the best suitable management approach
for them which can help to them to accomplish their targets with in pre decided time frames.
Management approaches which are used by the Rent-a-car and City college are here;
Human relationship approach
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Relations with in the management and employees determine the success of the
organisation, as Rent-a-car is using the human relationship approach in the internal organisation
which helps to them to improve internal environment of the company which finally impacts
positively on the attainment of goals. It also supports to the employees to grow up and learn
more things while working in the company (Walumbwa, Hartnell and Oke, 2010). On the other
side City College does not believe on this approach and does not utilise in their internal office.
Contingency approach
This is an approach which is flexible to use according to situations and it has a potential
to deal better with different organisation situations. It is also named as situational management
which helps to deal better with situations. It provides a flexibility to make changes in the
organisational process and workings which can help to them to deal better in each and every
condition of the organisation and attain their organisational goals.
Both companies i.e. Rent-a-car venture and City College utilizes diverse initiative styles
in their operations (Donaldson, 2010). Leadership styles utilized by Rent-a-car inside the
company is democratic although City College utilizes autocratic style of authority.
Democratic style of leadership
Chiefs of Rent-a-car utilizes vote based style of administration. Supervisor of Rent-a-car
considering the involvement of each person of the company in planning formulation in the
company and it's usage.
Autocratic style of leadership
City College is sole owner of school utilize authoritarian form in charge and governing
body of the organization (Nadiri, 2010). Due to his approach, he does not tend to include any of
his staff in the very decision making process that has to be taken for making plans and policies.
The organisation need to adopt participative style to make better plans and polices. So
that people working for association are more motivated towards doing their task. This style will
build a better workforce that is ready to take decisions which will increase productivity of
organisation. Higher inclusion of individuals in decision making will boost people needs and
ability to perform better. Also organisation will gain unconditional commitment.
Both companies have adopted a different type of leadership style that will have a separate
type of impact upon individuals engaged in organisation. Rent a car is focused on developing a
better human force. They do this by analysing their needs and accordingly they plan to provide
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resources so that their performance can be improved (Umphress, 2010). City College uses
situational approach that allows it in keeping its functioning at the best flexible levels. Basically,
though there are certain differences between their approach towards the workers, but they aim to
improve their capabilities and effectiveness.
TASK 3
3.1 Effect of several leadership styles have on motivation
Leadership styles are having a huge impact on the motivation level of the employees
because it directly focuses on their involvement in the company. Leaders selects the
organisational leadership styles which helps to them to lead according to their way.
Organisational structure is having a huge need of the management and leadership style which is
appropriate for the organisation to provide a direction to employees to work better. Leadership
style allows to use of employees and use of their skills which can help to them to attain their
organisational goals. Impact of different leadership style on the employees motivation are here;
Autocratic Leadership
This leadership style is provide ruling and controlling power to higher authorities which
can help to them to make a better change in according to their needs (Miner, 2015). Rules,
policies and decisions are taken by the higher authorities with out considering the lower level
employees. Lower involvement of employees creates a negative impact on the employees and as
well as on their productivity so it is essential for the management to provide a proper support to
the employees to retain a productivity level.
Democratic leadership style
It is a management style which focuses on the participation of employees with their
seniors which can help to the organisation to take better decisions for the organisational
betterment. Employees involvement in decision making process provides them a value in the
organisation which motivates them more to work better and think about the betterment in the
company.
3.2 Contrasting in between use of various motivational theories internal work environment
Managers of the organisation focuses to improve the productivity and efficiencies of the
employees which is prior for them (Pinder, 2014). it is essential for the organisation to attain
their organisational goals and objectives with in pre decided time limits. These motivational
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theories supports to managers and supervisors to improve their subordinates productivity and
efficiencies. Some of the motivational theories are her;
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Herzberg's Two factor theory of inspiration
Maslow's theory for motivation is portrayed in
five phases where individual tries to
accomplish them. This hypothesis depends on
humanistic approach (McShane, 2011). By
applying this theory leaders of both companies,
in regards to chain of command tries to fulfil
the necessities of representatives in regards to
best possible work place situations and
securities of employees which is prior for
them. Each person is having social needs
which is essential to accomplish for them
which provides them a satisfaction to deal with
their job and personal life.
This theory expresses components inside an
association which gives work satisfaction to
representatives. Cleanliness factor must be
actualized to fulfil people inside an association.
This theory helps to change mentality of
representatives towards their occupations.
3.3 Usefulness of motivation theories for administrators.
Motivational theories are essential for manager of an association. This helps
administrator to generate higher productivity from the employees of the organisation. It is
essential to improve the efficiencies of working by using inspirational theories which can help to
the company to improve employees efficiencies in attaining their organisational targets
(Elangovan, 2010). Propelled workers will create better outcomes in profitability of enterprises.
Organisations can use both kind of theories which can help to motivate their employees more
which can help to both company and employees. Higher productivity can help to the company to
attain higher targets and also it will support to employees to improve their incentives.
TASK 4
4.1 Group and group behaviour
Work in every association is group based action which is performed by individuals from
these groups and departments of company to accomplish the regular goal. Every last individuals
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in a group and divisions of an organization are subject to each other to accomplish basic
objectives. Practices of gatherings inside an association are affected by individuals in gathering.
each individuals from group have distinctive attitudes and there behaviours (Fisher, 2012).
Better groups of association accomplishes targets and goals successfully and effectively. In the
first stage (Forming) Tuckman model, the team members remain highly dependent on their
leader. Their roles and responsibilities are not clear and they have various kind of question in
their mind. Some members of the group remain excited about upcoming task but some remain
very nervous. In second stage (Storming), the process of conflict among the team starts, group
members get a basic understanding of their work and their dependency on the leader decreases.
Norming is the third stage where some rules are made in order to start effective working in the
team. Every team members has clear idea about their roles and responsibility in this stage. The
last stage is performing, whole team work as a unit and every team members understand nature
of each other. Team get high degree of autonomy and leader also start the process of delegation
in the group.
4.2 Improving team work by considering these factors
Teamwork is known as working of at least two individual to achieve basic target of
association (Griffin, 2011). There are a few components which advances improvement of
compelling cooperation.
 Training
It is a procedure which gives correct manual for individual to work viably in a team and
also productivity is enhanced. Preparation makes flawlessness in progress done by colleagues.
 Delegation
If every one of individuals from the group knows their duties it can be simple to
accomplish objectives, on the another side obligations is not understand by individuals there will
be delay in achievement of goals as the people would not know what they are ought to do.
 Patience
Each person in a gathering must have some persistence in their working which won't
influence working of group in a negative way (Hartnell, 2011). As there is a requirement for a
person to understand and coordinate with everyone.
 Incentives
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Impulsion paid to group for their working will build collaboration and more satisfaction
which will lead to betterment of performance.
 Motivation
Motivation is key factor in advancement of Teamwork (MacKenzie, 2011). Exceptionally
energetic colleague will accomplish there objectives effortlessly.
4.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of use of technology in team-working inside an association
Technology has extraordinary effect on working of team inside an association. The
utilization of propel technology in groups of association will upgrade their work. Out dated
innovation use inside an association teams have negative effect in accomplishing the objectives
of association. Innovation is a factor which will make simple for teams and individual to do their
work adequately and efficiently. Rent-a-Car undertaking utilizes new technology inside
association to fabricate betterment of its administration (Haslam and et.al., 2014). City College
don't utilize new technology inside organisation which is a factor that impacts working of city
school. Innovation helps in expanding revenue of both the enterprise.
Management information system can help both organisation in better analysation of
stored data, City College and Rent-a-car use new technology like MIS then they can transfer
information in short period of time and without loosing any significant content. This will reduce
the problem of miscommunication in the team and it will play crucial role in decrease total
number of conflicts in both firm. If Rent-a-car a has better process data then they can target more
customers, similarly if City college will increase their storage capacity then they can provide
more information to the student about various latest and old topics.
CONCLUSION
It have been concluded by the above report that City college and Rent-a-car both of them
have varied organisational structure and culture. The leadership styles which have been followed
in the organisation are also different in terms of implementations of styles. Motivational theories
are used in both the enterprise to get the work done by their employees at time is a result of this
report. Also this research have give a complete acknowledgement about organisational behaviour
which must be there in an association which have been constituted by several people who jointly
work for it. There are various other considerations in regards to this which have been obtained by
the above research study.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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