Healthcare Leadership and Teamwork Case Study

This assignment delves into a comprehensive case study of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), analyzing various aspects of their operations. It examines leadership styles employed within GSK, the impact of communication on team effectiveness, and the influence of organizational structure on decision-making processes. Furthermore, the case study explores ethical dimensions related to end-of-care practices and GSK's commitment to transparency through initiatives like the All Trials campaign. Students are tasked with critically evaluating GSK's strategies and their implications for the pharmaceutical industry.

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ORGANISATIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
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Contents
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Compare and contrast the structures and cultures of the GSK with any other similar
organization.......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Explain how the relationship between the organization's structure and culture can impact on the
performance of GSK..........................................................................................................................4
1.3 Discuss how individual employees behavior at work might be influenced by different factors at
GSK...................................................................................................................................................5
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Compare the effectiveness of the different leadership styles at GSK with any other similar
organization.......................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Explain how organization theory supports and explains the management practices at GSK........6
2.3 Evaluate three different approaches to management at GSK.......................................................7
Task 3....................................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation at GSK during periods of change................8
3.2 Comparison of two different motivational theory........................................................................9
3.3 Evaluation of the usefulness of motivational theory..................................................................10
Task 4..................................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Evaluation of the nature of group behavior at GSK...................................................................10
4.2 factors that affect effective teamwork........................................................................................11
4.3 Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning at GSK........................................12
References...........................................................................................................................................14
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Task 1
1.1 Compare and contrast the structures and cultures of the GSK with any other similar
organization
Like every organization, GSK or GlaxoSmithKline plc has an objective to have flexible,
healthy as well as the high-performing workforce. The organization also aims to have a
positive impact on the people from the corners of the world. The company implements their
goals and objectives by seeking to build an organizational culture which will be guided by its
values (Combination Products Case Study (Novartis, GSK, Abbott, Merck/Schering-Plough),
2008). On the other hand, the organization has a broad range of dedicated employees who are
more concerned about the well-being and health programs. The structure and cultures of the
company support its staff and workers to speak up provide more power to them. On the other
hand, the culture of an organization defines the power of the employees along with the teams.
The structure is concerned about the power of leadership and their influences.
GlaxoSmithKline is also committed to the sustainability of the environment. The working
environment has an open-space outline, which is to a significant degree welcoming (Roche,
GSK & Eli Lilly Case Studies: Using CRM to Improve Patient Compliance, 2004). It allows
a person to have a quick visit to the associates of the company from time to time. Besides
that, the organization provides a flexible time to the employees regarding working hours. The
great solidarity of fundamental social orders is consistently shown through a generous sharing
of risks and prizes among professionals. The inside qualities of GSK are a patient focus,
respectability, respect for people and frankness. Additionally, the company focuses on needs
of customers and patient in research. It also ensures that the safety of purchaser and the
patient is supreme, through dedicated control of product quality as well as strong supply. The
regular working culture of the company depends on the foundation of basic respect and viable
searching for, regarding and drawing on the differing learning, perspectives, experience and
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styles in its overall gathering of delegates (Inside View: Glaxosmithkline, 2015). Also, the
association attempts to make an atmosphere of openness which implies talking reality about
what it does and is occupied with challenges and examinations on constant change.
1.2 Explain how the relationship between the organization's structure and culture can impact
on the performance of GSK
The culture and structure of GlaxoSmithKline have a significant influence on the employees
and customers (End-of-care: ethical dimensions, 2011). The cultural section of the
organization consists of the ways in which the people have a common relationship and
understandings among each other. Moreover, the workplace of the company has an open
environment which includes many opportunities for socializing amongst the colleagues. The
culture of the company impacts the communication channels between the employees and the
customers. It helps in the development of a healthy relationship between the employees and
the customers. Consequently, it leads to the client satisfaction and retention of employees.
Based on organizational culture, GSK is committed to performing with integrity. The
company acts fairly and legally within the spirit of laws, policies and regulations (Litterer,
2014). The cultural value of the company impacts on the organizational structure.
GlaxoSmithKline follows a hierarchical structure which is imperative to maintain the cultural
aspect. The organization employs around thirty-three thousand from the corners of the world.
The people coming from all around the world has diverse cultures in them. Due to their
diversities in cultures, the organization may face communication issues, and the leaders take
the responsibilities to solve these problems. These peoples also have different behavior and
beliefs. The personal characteristics of individuals within GSK affect the behavior of
individuals at work (Etzioni, 2013). Moreover, the cultural values of the company guide its
employees by implementing regular actions. The value of GSK is like acting with integrity,
functioning with transparency as well as demonstrating respect for people.
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1.3 Discuss how individual employees behavior at work might be influenced by different
factors at GSK
The behavior of individual employees is based on four factors such as demographic,
environmental, psychological as well as personal factors. The demographic factors such as
income, geographic region, and age impact the behavior of the employees (Hughes et al.,
2014). The company should sell medicine with low price to those who cannot afford to buy
high-priced medicine. Normally, old aged people have heart problems and so the company
must sell drugs related to heart disease. Environmental factors such as external competition
impact the behavior of the employees. The employees need to work hard for beating their
rivals on medical ground. The medicines need to be manufactured by implementing
innovative technology to achieve competitive advantage. Environmental factor also consists
of leadership styles and theories (GSK supports the All Trials campaign, 2013). The role of
leadership of the organization impacts the organizational culture. Psychological factors such
as motivation and need of the employees influence the corporate culture and structure. It is
the responsibility of the leaders to motivate the employees and make strategies to satisfy the
employees. The personal factors affect the consumer behavior of the company.
Task 2
2.1 Compare the effectiveness of the different leadership styles at GSK with any other similar
organization
The leadership styles have basic effects in small projects and business and additionally on the
greatest organizations in the world. Moreover, these styles impact everyone from senior
organization to the most forward school colleague. Also, they make the corporate culture that
affects the company as well its performance (GSK medicines availability website, 2015).
Andrew Witty, the CEO of GSK has restructured his business. Besides that, he isolated
research teams of his company into more small, fleeter units that strive for sponsoring. He
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updated the association into another legal structure and focused on changing the various
leveled culture. He extended the business to minimize shot.
Autocratic leadership styles
The autocratic leaders settle on decisions with alongside zero commitment from delegates.
Regardless of the way that the research demonstrates that imperious leaders indicate less
creative ability than more contemporary styles, this style still works when quick decisions
must be made without laborer company (Blanchard, Zigarmi and Zigarmi, 2015). The
employees of the company may feel some qualification with this style. Apart from it, these
leaders are strikingly comfortable and confident with the fundamental initiative commitment
in regards to association working and key courses of action.
Participative leadership styles
The participative leaders are opposite of autocratic leaders. Their styles emphasize the
management that offers guidance to its departments as well as teams. They implement their
techniques when they accept input from the individual staff members of companies such as
GSK (Kippenberger, 2002). The leaders of this style make decisions regarding corporate
culture. The staff also instinctively needs to please supervisors and organization. These
leaders are concerned with taking suggestions from the employees and provide feedback
regarding their work. It can help or hurt operations, consistently subject to the quality and
efficiency of power.
2.2 Explain how organization theory supports and explains the management practices at GSK
Here contingency theory is considered as the organizational theory which impact on the
administration of the company (Goldsmith, Baldoni and McArthur, 2010). According to the
Fiedler contingency theory of management, there is no one best way to lead a company like
GSK. The manager is concerned with the administration of the company. The contingency
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theory discards that there is only a singular way to deal with deal with the organization of
GSK. Apart from it, it suggests that the managers of the company must assess each situation
and furthermore settle on decisions rise to those conditions. The active managers who use and
implements contingency theory at work in a state of deliberateness and sharpness and that can
request each one of their assets (Tsumoto, 2009). The particular approach requires the leaders
to remain frightened and abandon contingent on courses of action, gauges, and custom as
their assistants for their choices. On the other hand, the contingency theory bolsters the
manager of GSK to consider the aftereffects of a decision as it relates to the whole
association. The action of the manager must reflect the obligation and lifestyle to prosperity
and security of the laborers, checking arranging, advantage presentation and additionally
customer service behaviors of the entire organization (Nicholson, 2012). Meanwhile, the
manager must respond to the present issue, as showed up by the induce purposes behind the
issue.
2.3 Evaluate three different approaches to management at GSK
Here, Amgen is selected as an organization similar to GSK. The three distinct approaches to
the management at Amgen includes scientific management theory, administrative theory, and
critical path analysis. The three approaches are evaluated below:
Scientific management theory
Scientific management theory is the appropriate classical approach to the management of
Amgen. It is also called Taylorism, and it analyses and synthesizes the workflow. The
primary objective is to improve economic efficiency. Overall, Taylor assumes that there is a
one most perfect technique for each endeavour to finish most prominent effectiveness and in
the midst of his age. He unflinchingly believes the division of work is the best way to deal
with achieve this. Regardless of the way that nowadays, due to the widening of the market
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and the company, the one most perfect way can scarcely be described, for instance, business
grasp extensive scale producing system can have an absolutely remarkable perfect technique
for creation than those accentuation on claim to fame displaying, his spirit of looking for after
the best way is still certain showed.
Administrative theory
Administrative theory emphasizes on the organizational management and the behavioral and
human factors in the management. Henry Fayol developed this theory. Moreover, the
administrative theory emphasizes on improving the worker's efficiency at the operating level.
Consequently, it leads to the improvement of the management efficiency. The theory follows
a top-down approach. Fayol has fourteen principles such as division of work, discipline,
delegation of authorities, chain of commands, compensation package, congenial workplace,
interrelation between individual interest and common goals of organization, centralization,
scalar chains, compensation package, order, job guarantee, equity, team spirit and initiatives.
Fayol has also five elements of management which helps a good manager to outline his key
responsibilities. The five elements are planning, command, organizing, monitoring and
coordination.
Critical path analysis
Moreover, critical chart or PERT chart helps the organization to manage and schedule
complex projects. During the 1950s, the particular chart was developed to control large-scale
defense projects. The PERT chart is represented in a graphic illustration of a project as a
network diagram which includes some nodes which in turn represents milestones and events.
In order to follow a critical path analysis, the managers needs to list all activities in the plan.
After that, he need to plot the activities as a circle and arrow diagram. An effective critical
path analysis can make the difference between failure and success on complex projects. The
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particular analysis can be very useful for assessing the significance of issues faced during the
implementation of a specific plan.
Task 3
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation at GSK during periods of change
For any organization, leadership can be regarded as one of the soul factors. To be more
précised, leadership styles determine the success and the future of the company, here GSK.
These leadership styles also help to motivate the employees as well as the management
authority of the company. There are different leadership styles which are used by the leaders
of any organization for the sake of the betterment of the company, here GSK. Sir Andrew
Witty being one of the most successful C.E.O and also the leader of GSK has managed to
maintain a nice and pleasant leadership style, which has also helped the employees to get
motivation (de Vries, Bakker-Pieper and Oostenveld, 2009). The leadership styles which are
used by Andrew Witty are mentioned below.
Transformational style
This is one of the most effective styles of leadership. In this style the leader, here Sir Andrew
Witty, motivate and support all the employees as well as the management authority of the
company for the betterment of the company (Hariri, Monypenny and Prideaux, 2014). Thus
this style of leadership affects the mentality of the employees of the organization in a positive
way. It helps them to be confident and more dedicated towards their work. The
transformational style is one of the prime styles that the leader of the mentioned company has
used to motivate the workers of the company.
Transactional style
In this styles, the leaders are the person who judges the employees by their performance and
also gives those rewards and punishment (Hariri, Monypenny and Prideaux, 2014). This style
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also helps the employees to get motivation from their leaders. Sir Andrew Witty also uses this
style of leadership to satisfy his employees and to motivate them.
3.2 Comparison of two different motivational theory
There are many motivational theories which are used to motivate the employees of the
company, here GSK. The theories which are mainly used are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,
Herzberg's two-factor theory and much more. The comparison of both these theories is
explained below.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Source: https://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj50fL267T
SAhUCH5QKHUi8Cj4QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.simplypsychology.org
%2Fmaslow.html&psig=AFQjCNGLbQmNRd9ZG78C69KkMkgI9AMCKQ&ust=1488441
796875675
This is one of the basic and main theories of motivation. Sir Andrew Witty has used this
theory for the betterment of the company for many years, and it has to be admitted that he has
succeeded in his mission (Taormina and Gao, 2013). This theory was proposed by Abraham
Maslow in 1943. This theory mainly deals with the motivation of the employees
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psychologically. According to this theory, the employees should get their basic requirements
and needs. This will help them to be more dedicated towards their works. The basic need of
anyone is their physical need. The theory states that the leaders of the company first fulfill the
employee's physical need.
Physiological needs: Physiological necessities are the physical essentials for human survival.
In case these essentials are not met, the human body cannot work appropriately and will
finally fail. Physiological necessities are thought to be the most goal; they should be met first.
Safety needs: Once a man's physiological needs are for the most part satisfied, their security
needs start things out and summon lead. Without physical security – due to war, calamitous
occasion, family viciousness, youth misuse, et cetera – people may (re-)experience post-
traumatic nervousness issue or transgenerational harm.
Love and belongings: After physiological and security needs are fulfilled, the third level of
human needs is interpersonal and incorporates suppositions of belongingness. This need is
especially strong in puberty and it can repeal the necessity for prosperity as found in children
who stick to onerous watchmen.
Esteem: All individuals have a need to feel respected; this fuses the need self-respect and
feeling of pride. Respect acquaints the ordinary human yearning with be recognized and
regarded by others. People much of the time partake in a calling or preoccupation to get
affirmation. These activities give the individual a sentiment duty or regard.
Self-actualization: This reference "What a man can be, he should be" structures the
commence of the obvious necessity for self-acknowledgment. This level of need suggests
what a man's greatest limit is and the affirmation of that potential. Maslow depicts this level
as the longing to satisfy everything that one can, to wind up particularly the most that one can
be.
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Self-transcendence: In his later years, Maslow researched a further estimation of necessities,
while denouncing his own particular vision on self-actualization. The self just finds its
consummation in offering itself to some higher goal outside oneself, in unselfishness and
spirituality.
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Source: https://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiwnJSM9L
TSAhWHlZQKHSyZAXEQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Foshatrain.org%2Fcourses
%2Fpages%2F700herzberg.html&bvm=bv.148441817,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNGBiB-
uZmFoah4YZCiOJ5NlHpKSHQ&ust=148844398445781
This is another important and prime theory of motivation and also used by the leaders of the
company GSK. This theory is also called the hygiene theory of motivation. According to this
theory, there are some specific factors or requirements that should be fulfilled. This will help
the employees of the company to work more satisfactorily. For example, the remuneration
system of the company should be good and satisfactory for the employees. The administrative
policies also should support the employees. And the communication between the
management and the employees should also be nice and pleasant (EWEN, SMITH and
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HULIN, 2014). Thus the main purpose of all these theories is to provide job satisfaction and
motivation to the employees of the company. The two factor theory are described below:
Motivators: The motivators provide positive satisfaction arising from intrinsic conditions of
the job itself like achievement, personal growth and recognition.
Hygiene factors: Hygiene factors such as job security, salary, status and fringe benefits do not
give positive satisfaction though dissatisfaction results from their absence. Moreover, the
term hygiene is utilized in the sense that these are maintenance factors.
3.3 Evaluation of the usefulness of motivational theory
Motivational theories are something that every company should maintain to get dedicated and
honest employees which mainly helps the company as a whole. These motivational theories
are made to motivate the employees of the company and to provide them job satisfaction by
using some key factors. Employees are the main aspect of any company, large weather scale
or small scale, if the relation between the management and the employees are not good, it
could cause disobedience among the employees which will harm the company as a whole.
Those the first target of any company must be to satisfy their employees (Boss, 2015). In a
case of GSK, the CEO as well as the leader Sir Andrew Witty has adapted some specific
motivational theories for the betterment of the company, such as the Herzberg's two-factor
theory and the Maslow's hierarchy theory. Both the theories deal with the motivation and
satisfaction of the employees in a different pattern. To conclude it must be admitted that the
motivational theories are very effective and useful for the organization to motivate the
workers and employees of the company, here GSK.
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Task 4
4.1 Evaluation of the nature of group behavior at GSK
Every organization whether it is large scale or small scale it must have some specific and
basic aspects, such as the team works, groups and much more. The nature of the groups and
mainly the behavioral aspects are the most important factors for the company. GSK being one
of the most successful and well-established companies they are surely maintaining the group
behavior in a nice manner. The leaders and the managers of the company are the people who
are responsible for any up gradation as well as degradation of the company. Thus it is also
their job to maintain a nice and pleasant behavioral aspect in the organization, for that they
have to implement behavioural theories of leadership. Behavioural theory suggests that
leadership needs a strong personality with a well-developed positive ego. With the help of
behavioural theories, leaders of the company can motivate and support the employees of the
company. The leaders and the management authority can build a nice and pleasant
communication with the employees. In response to the primary critics of the trait approach,
researchers began to research leadership as a set of practices. They surveyed what productive
leaders did, developed a logical classification of exercises, and perceived wide cases that
exhibited assorted organization styles. Behavioural theory furthermore intertwines B.F.
Skinner's theory of lead change, which considers the effect of reward and teach on
developing behaviour. An instance of this theory, in actuality, is an administrator or pioneer
who rouses looked for direct by rebuking specialists who arrive late to social events and
demonstrating thankfulness when they are early or on time.
This will help the employees to be more dedicated and more obedient towards their superior.
Other than these there are also some ways to maintain a nice behavioral ambiance in the
organization. The leaders must follow some established motivational theories and leadership
styles. This will help them to provide job satisfaction to the employees and also to motivate
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them. The management authority must be conscious towards the working environment of the
company. These are some basic points that the leaders and the managers of the mentioned
company should follow to improve the behavioral aspect of the company.
4.2 factors that affect effective teamwork
In every organization, there are groups and teams appointed to do a certain task or job. These
teams are mainly led by the leaders and the managers of the company. Thus it is quite natural
that the companies and the leaders must follow some basic guidelines to lead and to maintain
a certain system for the team to do their jobs. There are some certain ways to motivate and to
operate a teamwork with skill and positivity which are mentioned below.
Focus on goals
There are some basic norms of operating a teamwork in a positive manner. One of them is
focusing on goals. First, the leader of the organization or the company must set a target to
achieve for the team and to motivate the members of the team to reach their goals. It is the
responsibility of the leaders of the organization to set the target with some specific plans and
strategies. GSK being one of the most renowned and successful companies they are
maintaining this point properly.
Communication
Another important point is the communication between the managers and the leaders and the
employees of the company. If the behavior of the leaders and the management authority is not
good and pleasant with the employees, it may cause serious disobedience among them. Thus
the leaders must maintain a nice and pleasant communication with the employees. This is one
of the prime reason for the success of GSK. The communication between the employees and
Sir Andrew Witty is very good.
Leadership
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The last but obviously not the least, leadership is one of the key points that affects the
teamwork. If the leader is not supportive and cooperative towards the workers, the team can
never succeed in their goal (Buljac-Samardzic et al., 2010). Sir Andrew Witty is a great
leader for a reason. He has never demotivated his employees in any teamwork. Thus it is
quite clear that GSK has managed to maintain all the mentioned points with proper skill and
perfection.
4.3 Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning at GSK
Effect of technology is huge nowadays in every sector whether internal or external factors of
a company. If the technology of an organization is not up to the mark, it can never reach to its
ultimate target. GSK being one of the most named and established a multinational company,
the leader as well as the management of the company are much aware of the value and
importance of the technology for the sake of the improvement of the company. Sir Andrew
Witty has managed to implement some modified and better technology for his employees and
co-workers (Buljac-Samardzic et al., 2010). Thus it is quite clear from the above report that
the company GSK has gained success by using all the mentioned guidelines and norms.
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