(P21)Management and operations

Business

Management
And
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
A) Key differences role and characteristics of leader and a manager ........................................1
B) Roles and Functions of manager and functions of manger in different situations in Ben's
Cookies ......................................................................................................................................2
C) Theories and models of leadership .......................................................................................3
D) Differences of leaders and the functions of the manager by applying theories.....................4
E) Approaches Strength and weakness of leadership in different situations of Ben's Cookies. .5
F) Critical analysis of different approaches and theories of leadership......................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
A) Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers.....................6
B) Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.............8
C) Assessing factors within business environment that affects on operational management.....8
D) Leader and the manager can improve efficiencies of the operational management..............9
E) Factors affecting business environment and the wider community ....................................10
F) Evaluation of operational management and the factors .......................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is the important factor in the economic growth of the company.
It helps in doing the appropriate controlling and designing of process of production and
redesigning of the business operations. In this all the business practices of administrations is
created with the high levels of efficiency possible within the organisation. The management and
operation program focuses on managerial decision making through by using the different
functions in the business entity (Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011). Company members have to do proper
research in different areas which include logistics, distribution and the management of supply
chain. When the employees of business entity do proper production with good designing then
they can make appropriate decisions which assist in measuring the performance in competitive
market. Ben's Cookies is a chain shop in England and its a UK based organisation. It has a huge
chain of stores all over the world (Durkee, 2010). This company bakes and sells chewy biscuits.
This organisation bake different types of cookies and very fast production. In this report it has
focused upon different roles of the leader and manager along with the theories and models which
can be used by the leaders in improving performance of company in the market and the
approaches with situational leadership. Operational management is the administration of the
business practices to create the high level of efficiency for the ongoing processes of the
product .It is the combination of raw materials and labour into goods and services as possible to
maximize the profit of the organization.
TASK 1
A) Key differences role and characteristics of leader and a manager
Leaders are the individuals who leads a organisation by setting directional goals that
assist in taking the risks in performing the best work. They also help in seeking innovative ways
to do the appropriate working that helps in achieving the targeted goals of the organisation.
Manager is a person who managers over all work management of the organisation (Gunny, 2010).
They manage all the responsibilities for managing the revenue and the cost elements of the
income statements of Ben's Cookies organisation. Both play a different roles but perform for the
good will of the organisation.
Difference between Manger and the Leader are as follows-
Manger Leader

 Manager always tells and give advices
by giving them directions to the
employees to perform the work.
 The entity vision oriented which assist
in thinking about the future. Along with
this, they are staff oriented as well.
 Leaders never hesitate in taking any
decision that also includes risks. They
are decision-makers for the
organisation.
 They always deals with the conflict
situations and helps in solving the
matters.
 They set plans and give the details to
others.
 Managers always minimizes the risks
of the business.
 Leader take the responsibility for doing
the best work and leaders develop
power with people.
 Leader sets his ideas and ways of
working to the employees and tell them
that it will work surely.
 Managers are process oriented as they
are doing their work with the
appropriate process and they are also
career oriented that helps in developing
the staff's career.
 Managers always depend on the
superiors decision or higher authorities
of the organisation.
 Leaders avoid involving in the
conflicts. There always stay away from
the conflicts.
 Leaders always set directions and want
to keep everyone together.
 Leader always take risks and stretch
them.
 Manager takes only credit of doing the
work and manager exercise power over
people
This table shows the differences in the role of leader and manager, basically leader have an
individual ability to influence & motivates team member towards the achievement of goal while
the manager is responsible for coordination of all the work activities towards a share objective.
leaders are mainly people oriented to leading people to achieve the objective. while the manager
is task oriented for managing all human activities in a shared goal. leader role is subset of the
manager.

B) Roles and Functions of manager and functions of manger in different situations in Ben's
Cookies
The roles of leader and functions of the manager are as follows -
Decision making- It is a way of choosing the best one alternative between two or more
courses of actions. It is a long process which helps in solving the problem ( Jiang, K., and et.al.,
2012). The members of Ben's Cookies company can make decisions through either an intuitive or
reasoned process or the combination of two. The leader and manager both have to make effective
decision which helps in attaining the goals and objectives.
Taking risks- To do the qualitative work the members of the company has to take the risk
. According to the leaders, they can't expert on all the facts of the business (Helfat and Winter.,
2011). Taking risks are the practice of taking actions which are having undesirable consequences
as it helps in achieving the goals.
Solving problems- The mangers and the leaders of Ben's Cookies has to use the
appropriate tools and techniques in solving the problem which occur in front of employees in
doing qualitative work by proper planning (Lun, 2011). The problems can be small or big, simple
or complex as well as it can be easy or difficult.
Building team- The organisation makes a good and effective team so that they can
perform the best at the time of competitions. Competitions are the hurdles to solve the difficult
conditions. Competition between different teams is very healthy and stimulating. Its the duty of
the manger to solve and discuss all the problems with the members of the team so, that they can
resolve the issues by which the company can make the best team (Kanchev, H. and et.al., 2011). To
maintain healthy and successful team in the company has to work hard and perform well so, to
make trust among all the members.
Management conflicts- This is the process that helps in learning and the members
outcomes that are included in the effectiveness in the organisational setting.
C) Theories and models of leadership
Naturalistic theories- This is leadership where the first to develop. This was built on the
ideas on that the leaders were born. Many beliefs were made n this theory. It was only the set of
beliefs. Like in many organisation belief is made that they will perform well. The theory says
that the quality of leadership are intrinsic. Leaders are born they are not made.

Functional leadership- These are based on very different assumptions. It mainly focus
on what actually the leader does in an organisation, that's called their actions and functions.
“Action Centred Leadership” is well know theories used in many different trainings of
leadership programmes. This theory is developed by studying about he successful leaders and
their actions , behaviours.
System Leadership- This approach helps in managing the discipline for examining the
linkages and interactions between components so that they can follow the defined system. It
helps in providing proper means of understanding, analysing and talking about the design and
construction. This is very realistic and common system (Cohen and Zarowin, 2010). So only the
organisation should follow proper system on the basis of the members and do the best at
appropriate operations at the different levels so to improve the profits.
Situational Theory- Its a functional leadership that doesn't help to deal with the changes
and the nature of the people being led. It is effectiveness in doing the work is contingent on his
ability to modify the management behaviour to the level of the subordinates maturity or
sophistication. In this leadership approach, style of manager or the leader may change which
helps in meeting the needs of other employees in the entity and it all depends on the situation . It
helps in developing people as well as their work (Jabbour, C.J.C and et.al., 2013). By this the
rapport is also established so that they can do the best.
Contingency Model- The model of leadership has relation with the situational theory
because it emphasizes on the importance of the both the personality of the leader and also the
situation of the Ben's Cookies leader tend to operate.
D) Differences of leaders and the functions of the manager by applying theories
Role of leader by applying theories are as follows-
Trait Theory: Its based on the characteristics of the many different leaders who are both
successful and unsuccessful. Its the approach study of human personality. The patterns of
behaviour and the thoughts and emotions are the measurements of traits that are defined
according to the primary interest of trait theory (Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis, 2012). Successful
leaders of Ben's Cookies have the interest, personality traits and abilities that are different less
effective leaders. The trait approach attempted to identify physiological like height, appearances
and weight. A set of core traits of successful leaders have been identified. There are not
responsible to find out about the person will be successful leader or not. The trait theory says that

people are either born or made by certain qualities that makes leader are excellent in nature.
Certain type of qualities are present in the leader are intelligence, sense of humour, responsible
& creative in nature. This theory focused on analysing mental, physical & social characteristics
in order to gain charismatic personality.
Behavioural Theory: This theory mainly focus on the study of specific behaviour of a
leader. This theory provides real potential of marketing to the leader and as the behaviour of the
leader predict and influence of the leadership which is the best determinant of the leadership
success. Every company has different types of leaders who are also using behavioural theory and
they focus on organising, clarifying, initiating, and the gathering of the information. Behavioural
theory focuses on the behaviours of the leaders as opposite to their mental, physical or social
characteristics.
Functions of Leader by applying Theory-
Human Relations Theory: It helps the leaders in performing the proper functioning by
using mechanism and proper structure of the organisation (Lun, 2011). In human relation it helps
in providing the motivation, group motivation and leadership. Further, it helps in maintaining the
relationship between the employee and employer so that leaders can do the their work and can
not face any problem.
Chaos Theory: It helps the leader in the appropriate functioning in Ben's Cookies. In the
system of the company, small changes can cause the complex changes in the overall system. It
helps in introducing the new perspectives and the tools to study the complex system such as
biological, human, population growth and the solar system
E) Approaches Strength and weakness of leadership in different situations of Ben's Cookies
There are different approaches as follows-
Trait Theory- This theory is based on the study of the human personality and which are
interested in the measurement of traits. The strength of this theory is that it is a pleasing theory
and its valid for doing the lot of research. Along with this it gives the knowledge to the leaders
by the leadership process (Zang, 2011). Weakness of this theory is that it is very complex and
most of the factors which are included in this theory related to the situational factors. The trait
theory says that people are either born or made by certain qualities that makes leader are
excellent in nature. Certain type of qualities are present in the leader are intelligence, sense of

humour, responsible & creative in nature. This theory focused on analysing mental, physical &
social characteristics in order to gain charismatic personality.
Behavioural Theory- It focus on the motivation of the workers and the production along
with attitudes towards the managers. The strength is to provide the appreciation. It also helps in
providing the consideration of the employees well being. And by build the relationship between
workers and managers. Weakness of this theory is that it is over simplified and it is difficult to
predict the behaviour of the workplace.
Human relation Theory- It focus on the employees of the workplace than the rules
procedures and processes. It is the communication provider between employees and the
managers that helps in making the correct decision for the business (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-
Smith, 2012). The advantage of this approach is that businesses and consumers ate more equipped
to handle a person to person interaction when they are facing the issue. In this theory relationship
between the employee & the manager are like a open communication to share their ideas and
knowledge.
Chaos Theory- The strong point of this theory is that they have a wide applicability in
the modern science and technology. In the other business areas, proper management and
effective communication are necessary. The weakness of this theory is that in due mostly from
choosing the input parameters (Green Jr, and et.al., 2012). It helps in computing these parameters
depend on the dynamics underlying the data and on the kind of the analysis intended and it is the
highly complex and not always accurate.
F) Critical analysis of different approaches and theories of leadership
Analysis of different theories are-
Situational Theory:- In this theory the leadership fully depends on the situations that
occurs in Ben's Cookies. This theory help to know about different types of situation handling
problems. This help to performance task according to the situations and every types of them
needs the different styles of leadership ( Jiang and et.al., 2012). If the leader is good then, the
leader will adopt the leadership that will help in achieving the objectives and goals for the
successful business. Situational theory is the simple and easy to apply. The company member or
the employees should be mature and the competence of the group is often looked at the overall
factor. This theory is not all applicable to the managers. Situational leadership style is varying in

nature because it basically depends on the situational characteristics sometimes they are
favourable and unfavorable.
System leadership Theory:- Its the theory that describes as the leadership across the
organisational and the geographical with the range of the culture and without the managerial
control. But this theory does not offer specific tools and techniques for doing the practising for
the managers. Along with this it criticized as being too abstract and vague. This theory having a
holistic and the integrated view (Wang, 2010.). Manager of the Ben's Cookies must have to the
integrated thinking that are having the separate activities and the manager can make the proper
plan. This theory explains the combination of all the theories traits belongs to the geographic &
cultural issues because every organization have people who are belongs to different geographical
area and culture so that leader always follow the universalistic nature to handle all kind of
people.
Contingency Leadership:- By using the theory, leader of Ben's Cookies can attain the
success and the functions of various contingencies in the form of task or the variables for the
group. This theory is perspective in nature. Along with this leaders have to do the proper
research with the help of experts so that the company become flexible (Trkman, 2010). But this
theory is very complex and by that the leaders facing problems in testing the percepts of the
theory. This will help the leadership functions run easy in the organisation. Contingency theory
states that no one leadership style is applicable to all situation. every leadership style have certain
qualities based on certain situation. It basically the extension of the trait theory that human traits
are related to situation
TASK 2
A) Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers
Operations management is evident to play a vital role in the process of production that in
turn support the organizations like Ben's Cookies to operate with a systematic configuration of
their work. It is with a fundamental sense of operating with distinct strategic formulations to
attain the undertaken goals of the enterprise with a prompt role of their leaders and managers to
opt for some below outlined approaches-
 System approach- It is basically in context to adopt a systematic procedure in
processing the food with an expeditious acquisition of raw materials. This will in turn
assist the affiliated personnel's of Ben's Cookies in a timely conversion of their raw

materials in usable form of output with a further requisition of transporting it (Green
Jr, and et.al., 2012). A systematic formulation of work is hereby liable to give a prime
assistance in the fulfilment of all preceding objectives of procurement, manufacturing
and distribution (Dima, 2010). Wherein, a distinct economic system for all these
measures it also evident to prevail into the convergent marketplace of the cited firm.
As a result to which, a systematic approach is apparent to support them where they
can hereby refer to carry a primary assessment of their marketplace. By which, they
can hereby refer to identify the extrinsic factors that are prevailing in their market and
frame accordant strategies of work to correspond with the discovered scenario.
 Dynamic approach- It is mainly in accordance to meet out the current impulsive
means of the environment to adopt the strategies of global economy. This will in turn
benefit the quoted entity to work as per the present requisition of their market by
employing various strategies too meet out the prevalent demands of the consumers. As
per this dynamic approach, Ben's Cookies is required to displace its focus towards
learning new procedural with distinct occurrences and cognition to resolve any
pertinent difficulty in work (Naphade, M., and et. al., 2011). It is thus by concentrating
upon these particular constituents the ventures can refer to bring betterment in work
by meeting the technical and other related changes in the environment.
Both these approaches are however required to be undertaken by the deputed leaders and
managers of Ben's Cookies with a distinct set of roles as stated below- Leaders has a vital position in the organization where they are the direct responsible
bodies to handle the teams by together managing their work and other related concerns. It
is also in regard to set some primary missions of the establishment with respect to their
envisioned goals (Koontz, 2010). Wherein, it duly assists them to formulate liable
strategies to operate in a prospective manner. In context to which, they are hereby
required to align the work of their respective group members with the operational context
of their business for a timely accomplishment of their targeted objectives.
 Managers on another hand exists with a distinct set of role where they are more
concerned about pursuing a well structured format of work. In relation to which, they
hereby review the carried performance of the employees to correspond it with the
standardized norms of working by together ensuring a qualitative operation by them. For

which, they tend to fix a reliable criteria for the same with a mandate outlook of pursuing
it.
B) Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
The concept of operations management has a substantial role in the organization with a
prime contribution in the production procedures of the businesses like Ben's Cookies. It is
strategic tact that converts the inputs into usable commodities to further serve it to the clients and
users by together adding a principle value to it. It thereby strives to enhance the efficiency of the
establishment to fulfil the pertinent needs and demand of the consumers. The term operations
management is duly associated with three main strategic intrusions that includes overseeing,
designing and controlling the production procedural (Dhoul, 2014). It is however with a
fundamental sense of redesigning the functional prospective of the business in context to the
production of their products and services. The function of operations management tends to differ
as per the nature of the organization where its existence in a manufacturing industry like Ben's
Cookies.
It will be distinct as that of any service based organization with no tangible products to
serve their customers. It therefore depends on the convergent intent of the enterprises where the
cited entity will involve designing effective procedures to produce their goods by timely
acquiring the raw materials. This will also necessitate them to ensure sufficient number of
employees with proper training to work and maintain the structural equipment's in their
respective number of factories. Wherein, on referring to the value of operations management,
this process is evident to add worth to the offered products and services of the quoted firm where
it also tend to ensure quality control at the forepart of their undertaken system of production
(Rippel, Suchánková and Teplý, 2012). This is basically with reference to insure an optimum
utilization of the available resources with no prior wastage in it that will in turn help the
establishment to improve their overall productivity.
C) Assessing factors within business environment that affects on operational management
There exists varied environmental factors that duly impact upon the operational
management of a business as referred below- Internal factors- These are the factors that are duly involved within the organizational
set and are therefore in control of their [prevalent administrative bodies where these
constituents are further divided in some below described components-

◦ Fiscal variables- It is mainly in context to specify those financial elements in Ben's
Cookies that are highly dependent on the context of their operations management. It
is basically in context to the structure of their capital resources. This will in turn
stipulate the allocation of budget along with other fiscal norms and policies to
directly impact upon their undertaken decisions (Armstrong, 2014).
◦ Intrinsic relations- It is basically to depict the internal affinity among the business
participants like the employees, administration, proprietor, suppliers and investors,
etc., to assure a coordinated outlook of work in them. A determined affinity among
them is evident to impact upon their operational management with a foremost role of
the manager to frame accordant decisions to create a sound relation between them.
 External factors- These factors are certain extraneous components that are often in the
control of the administrative bodies in the establishment (Drusch and et.al., 2012). This is
for instance to specify about the contenders of Ben's Cookies in the market where a high
level of competition among them will necessitate their operations manager to frame
accordant decisions. It is with a fundamental sense of combating the contending situation
in the market by closely observing the undertaken operational strategies by the rivals
(Helfat and Winter, 2011).
D) Leader and the manager can improve efficiencies of the operational management
Operation management is a business administration practices to create the highest levels
of possible efficiency with in the organisation. Its a field of multi disciplinary which helps in
focusing in the different aspects of Ben's Cookies. The leaders and managers of the company has
to focus on the different functions so that they can do qualitative work and perform well. To
make the proper co-ordination by putting the more efforts among the workers which assist in
improving the efficiency and they have to do the work with effectively so that the leader as well
as manager can not face any problem, its the duty of the employees and the employers of the
company (Zang, 2011). The employees of this organisation has to control the quality along with
the proper management of the supply chain which helps in improving and increasing the
profitability and productivity. Leaders and managers of the company have to make the correct
decisions so that they can do the proper improvement in the Ben's Cookies so, that the workers
do the work with efficiently and effectively (Pestle analysis. 2017). Leaders of the company
have to share the appropriate information among the team members which helps in attaining the

goals which are decided by the leader of the business entity. Along with this by maintaining the
quality of the work they can obtain the success in the competitive market. Manager of the
company play a important role in the Total quality management so that they require the great
amount of the planning and research. They act as a facilitator at the workplace and the manager
having a duty to assist the employees in implementing the total quality management (Gimenez,
Sierra and Rodon, 2012). Manager of the company have to user the proper strategy in making the
correct decisions and have to put the more efforts so that leader and the staff members do the
work with the proper quality so that form can attain the goals and objectives.
E) Factors affecting business environment and the wider community
Political factor- This factor mainly effects the company is that support of the
government for the globalization, along with the political stability in the markets. The regulatory
bodies have to support Ben's Cookies for e-commerce. Political factors includes fiscal policy,
tax policy and trade tariffs etc. political factors are governmental activities & conditions in which
factors are change according to the governmental change like laws & regulations & other trade
barriers.
Economic Factor- Economic conditions directly affect the Ben's Cookies remote or the
macro environment. These factors affect the company is that they has to expand the agreements
for the international trade and the stability of the company in economy (Zang, 2011). This factor
determinants of the economic performance that impact directly on the company and also
resonating for the long term effects. economic factors are also a two types micro & macro. In
micro market size, demand, supply & relationship with suppliers & distributors. while in macro
the interest rate, currency exchange rate, recession & depression.
Social factor- These social factors affects the business entity is that they have to increase
the diversity for the consumer. Along with this it is having the high health consciousness.
Further, it increases the support for the rights which helps in fulfilling the demand of the
consumer (Leadership and management. 2017). They also scrutinize the environment of the
market and gauge determinant like population analytics, cultural trends and demographics. In
social factors consumer preferences & taste, age group & culture are change according to the
change in the fashion & technology
Technological factor- These factors are used to innovate in techniques that may effect
the operations of the organisation. They have to use the new and innovative technology in

making the better products for the consumers which helps in attaining the maximum profit.
Technological factors are the combination of both the hard & soft features which are rapidly
change due to the new innovation and changing environment.
Legal Factors- They have both external and internal sides (Wang, 2010). Ben's Cookies
has to use the proper policies and the laws which helps in attaining the targets. With the have to
capture the opportunity so that they can obtain the highest revenue. Legal factors are actually
framed by the central Govt. and state Govt. formulates the rules & regulations for the industries
& others in which we say that how much noise can create in the environment. how much
pollution can emit in air.
Environment factor- This factor is influenced by the surroundings . These affect the
environment are that they have to change the climate and have the emphasis on the sustainability
of the business. It helps in increasing the popularity of the low carbon lifestyle. Environmental
factors are of two types Micro & Macro. Macro factors are further divided in also two types
internal & external factors. both the internal & external factors together influence the work of the
organization. Internal factors are those factors which are exist within an organization. The
internal factors are comprised with the organization financial condition, organizational structure
& culture, managerial policies & company brand & image. On the other hand external factors are
exist outside the organization but greatly affects the organizational functions. under the external
environment political, social , economical, technological, natural & geographical factors.
F) Evaluation of operational management and the factors
The area of the management of the company have to do appropriate controlling and
designing is know as Operations management, in this process of the production as well as
redesigning the operations of the business in the production and manufacturing of goods and
services. The employees of Ben's Cookies has the responsibility so that they ensure the business
operations which are efficient in nature (Wang, 2010). Along with this they have to use the
appropriate resources which assist in increasing the sales and attain the maximum revenue. The
manager of Ben's Cookies has to manage the quality of the merchandise which helps in doing the
improvements or the developments. Company members have to do the appropriate changes
which helps in attaining the goals and objectives (Operation management. 2017). Along with
this they have to maintain the competition in the domestic market. Along with this they have to
choose the proper location to do the business so that they can do the lot of things which affect the

political risk, currency risk, brand fit. Political risk helps in maintaining the stability in the
market at the high competition. The leader and manager has to perform the proper work with
proper quality which helps in reducing cost and by that they can attain the success along with the
targets (Diabat and Govindan, 2011). The leader and manager of the business entity have to use
the appropriate models or the approaches in doing and maintaining the quality of the work so that
they can obtain the profitability and proficiency.
CONCLUSION
The above report has made after the observation of the staff members of the company
have to do the appropriate management in doing the better operations so that they can attain the
success in the competitive market. When the employees of Ben's Cookies is doing the better
operations and functions with the proper designing along with the control then in measuring the
performance they can not face any conflict and by that they can obtain the leading position.
Leader and manager of the business entity have to fulfilled the roles and responsibility which are
assigned to them by the higher authorities ,so that they can easily reap the targets. Leaders as
well as managers of the entity have to use the appropriate theories and models in the different
situation so that they can easily resolve the issues and and when all the issues resolved then they
can attain the maximum revenue.

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