Parenting and Family Issues
Added on 2021-04-21
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Running head: PARENTING AND FAMILY ISSUESPARENTING AND FAMILY ISSUESName of the StudentName of the universityAuthor’s note
1PARENTING AND FAMILY ISSUES1.a. Ans:- Bronfenbrenner have pointed out several levels or aspects of an environment thatinfluences the development of a child. The layers are Microsystem, Mesosystem,Exosystem and the macrosystem (Härkönen, 2005). The micro system refers to the small ambience where a child resides in. The microsystem of a child would include any relationship or an institution, they are interacting with.The microsystem can be referred to as their family, the caregivers or the playschool, peersand the educators of the play school. The next level of Bronfenbrenner is the mesosystemthat refers to the fact how different parts of the micro system of a child work collaborativelyfor the sake of the child (Härkönen, 2005). The exosystem level involves people and theplaces that the children might not interact with directly but have an influential effect on her.The exosystem can be referred to as the workplace of the parents, the family members otherthan the parents and the neighborhood. The macrosystem level is the largest level and theremote set of people that have a large influence on the child. Macrosystems includes theculture, government, values, and ethnicity, wars that can affect the child in a positive manneror in a negative manner.Thus the ecological system theory holds the different kinds of environment that anindividual encounters in his/ her everyday life that influences the growth and thedevelopment of a child throughout their life span.b. Ans:- The ecological theory was proposed by Urle Bronfenbrenner for explaining the ecologyof the environment of a child and how the theory is relevant to the growth of the child.
2PARENTING AND FAMILY ISSUESAs per the theoretical knowledge regarding the ecology of environment of the child, thepart of the micro-system affects how a child would react with the environment or the otherpeople. The temperament of the child, the genetic and the biological trait of the child is alsoresponsible for the behavioral pattern of the child (Härkönen, 2005). The microsystem refers tothe interaction of the child with their parents. It is the parents that will teach self regulation inchild and every moment of the interactive sessions with provide the adults with the opportunityto teach rules and regulation to the child. Mesosystem is the layer where the members of themicro-system interact to foster development in the child. For example a child's caregiver takingan active part in the schooling of the child, such as actively interacting with the teachers to findout the best possible ways to provide appropriate education to the child (Papadopoulou, 2012).Exosystem refers to the community surrounding the child such as the extended members of thefamily, friends, health institutions and the social care services. . For example if a child's parent isdismissed from work then it could also pose negative effect on the child as it would directlyaffect the economic condition of the family such as nutrition or education of the child. If thechild's parents receive an appraisal or promotion at work, then that would affect the childpositively as his/ her parents will be able to meet the needs of the child (Hart, 2013). The lastlevel is the macrosystem that depends upon the culture and the values of the society where thechild resides in. The values, parental ethno theories and the cultures differ from one culture to theother. The etiquette that is acceptable in one culture might not suite a different culture. Hence thethree developmental niches work together as a powerful system to design an appropriate settingfor children.
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