Allergic Asthmatic Attack Caused by Pets: Nursing Intervention and Health Condition Management Strategies

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Pet allergies are one of the most prevalent
allergic reactions affecting 15 to 20% of the
world population. Hanania et al. (2013)
mentions that people do not visit their
healthcare professionals because they deny
the fact that pets are responsible for their
allergic responses. Genetics plays an
important role in the pathophysiology as those
individuals are likely to face such allergies if
their family members or parents are affected
with such allergies (Possa et al. 2013). The
pathophysiology of pet allergies include the
foreign substance such as dust, mold or pet
dander which the human immune system
determines as a threat to human body.
Therefore, against these antigens or foreign
proteins, human body produces antibodies,
which targets these antigens (Akdis et al.
2013). Therefore upon inhalation of these pet
dander, human immune system responds to it
by increasing the inflammatory responses,
even in the nasal passages or lungs.
Prolonged similar responses initiates asthmatic
responses due to increased airway
inflammation. This is the way, pet allergy
affects people by increasing the allergic
reaction and initiating the asthmatic
inflammatory reaction (Wright and
Phipatanakul , 2014).
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Key messages Implementation
Allergic asthmatic attack caused by pets
A case of a 10-year old girl admitted to hospital due to episodes of allergy due caused by her cat
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Sousa, J. C. 2017. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines—2016
revision. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 140(4), 950-958.
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2013. Exploring the effects of omalizumab in allergic asthma: an analysis of biomarkers in the
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Infection, 64(5), 449-477.
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inflammation in allergic asthma. Frontiers in pharmacology, 4, 46.
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463.
Wright, L. S., and Phipatanakul, W. 2014. Environmental remediation in the treatment of allergy and
asthma: latest updates. Current allergy and asthma reports, 14(3), 419.
As the patient is affected with pet related
allergies, there is a set of recommendations
related to clinical aspect, patient education and
helathcare program and policies should be
provided in this context.
Clinical aspect:
While receiving care whether in-patient or out-
patient, the patient should be kept away from
the cat for a month and it should be determined
that the cat is restricted to a room and not
spreading its dander in other rooms or places
(Eichenfield et al. 2014).
The entire care process should be conducted in
a room with high efficiency particulate air filters
as presence of little amount of allergen can
lead the patient affected with asthmatic attack
again (Cicardi et al. 2012).
HealthCare professionals should provide timely
and efficient care to the patient as in such
allergic condition, patient requires complete
focus and assistance.
Patient education
Providing patient a detailed counselling and
educational session about management of
pets, their restrictions, their limitations and their
ability to harm their health can make the patient
aware of the allergens present in their home
and they can take preventive measures such
as cleaning the pets to remove the molds
present on their body or limit the pet in a room
so that allergens do not spread (Brożek et al.
2017).
Further, they can use filter with high efficiency
so that all the allergens present on the room
could be cleaned properly.
Implementation of the all these nursing
management will include theories of family
centered and patient centered care. as the
patient is 10 years old and her cognitive ability
to take decision of her health is not
appropriate, her parents will be included in the
care starting from intervention to discharge and
in this course, they will be provided with
educational session regarding pet allergies and
preventive home remedies so that after
discharge they can control their daughter’s
health condition (Eichenfield et al. 2014).
Secondly, they will be provided with
interventions of diet and nutrition so that
emergence of allergic inflammation could be
relieved in any adverse condition. One such
intervention is nasal lavage using which the
nasal cavity congestion is removed 9 Wheatley
and Togias, 2015).
Finally, the entire family will be asked to take
their pet for monthly cleaning and vaccination
to a veterinary professional so that potential
health consequences due to that cat could be
avoided (Cicardi et al. 2012).
Background Recommendation
Logo
The key messages identified from the literature
search was associated with the nursing intervention
and health condition management strategies using
which the asthmatic allergic reaction could be
managed.
• As per Wright and Phipatanakul (2014), the first
intervention will be managing the emerged
allergic and asthmatic condition of the patient.
For this purpose, she will be provided with
Flonase, which is a decongestant spray used to
remove the congestion of nasal cavity and using
anti-allergic medications to lower the allergic
inflammation.
• The second intervention will be providing the
patient with educational session including
cleaning, pet management and maintenance
practices as these are the primary techniques
while managing asthmatic condition of patient
living with pets. as per Burns (2012) it will help to
make the patient aware of the pet and their
related allergens and they will be able to manage
such condition without any ailment.
• the third intervention will be application of HEPA
or High Efficiency particulate Air filters as Kneen
et al. (2012) determines that these filters
decreases the rate of allergens in the air by
forcing through these filters that traps the air
within them and makes the air free from dust
mites and other allergens.