Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Assignment
Added on 2021-06-17
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Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1Pharmacology and PathophysiologyBy Student’s NameCourse + CodeClassInstitutionDate
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 2Calcium ions act as neural transmitters where they are stimulated by action potential enabling them to open voltages dependant calcium Channels (Hsu, Lane and Lin, 2018) In neurons, calcium ions acts as transmitters where they can alter the electrical conductivity by modifying the closing of sodium and potassium channels in order to stimulate the release of aneural transmitter substances (Popugaeva, Pchitskaya, and Bezprozvanny, 2017) . This, in turn, leads to calcium ions mediated abnormalities that can lead to a disease. As a result, calcium ions dysregulation is involved in Alzheimer's disease(Small, 2009). Various amyloid proteins have been proved to be involved in the induction of calcium ions influx into neurons,making this calcium reflux alters neurological excitability. There are various drugs used in the treatment of the disease namely Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine (Downey, 2013). Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent the break down of acetylcholine, delay worsening and are generally tolerated. Memantine, on the other hand, acts by helping to improve memory, reasoning, language and increase people performance of little tasks (Downey, 2013).The memantane medication acts to regulate the activity of glutamate a chemical that is used in processing, storage, and retrieval of information(Marum, 2014). On the other hand, cholinesterase inhibitors act to prevent the break down of acetylcholine which is usually crucial in learning and memory (Downey, 2013). The drug also slow worsening of the symptoms and their complications are well tolerated(Small, 2013). These drugs include Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. The relevance of this study to the field of nursing include it help nurse to understand the effect of calcium in a patient with Alzheimer disease and offer a gap for research. Other than that, nurses and patients are able to understand different types of drugs available for treatment and their side effects and precautions.
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