How Pharmacy Technicians Apply Health Promotion and Wellbeing Principles in Practice

This article discusses how pharmacy technicians apply health promotion and wellbeing principles in practice. It covers factors that influence health and wellbeing, the relationship between public health and pharmacy, and the role of pharmacy technicians in promoting public health. The article also explores the principles of effective behavior change and environmental factors that influence behavior change.

How Pharmacy
Technicians apply the
principles of Health
Promotion and Wellbeing
in practice

Table of Contents
TASK 1: Understanding factor that influence health and well-being and the relationship between
public health and pharmacy.............................................................................................................1
Section 1: Factor influence health and well-being.................................................................1
1.1: Relationship between lifestyle and health and wellbeing...........................................1
1.2: Factor impact on health and wellbeing.......................................................................1
1.3: Impact of health and wellbeing on society.................................................................2
Section 2: Relationship between public health and pharmacy...............................................3
1.4: Functions of public health organisations....................................................................3
1.5: Role of health promotion in relation to public health.................................................3
1.6: Role of pharmacy services in supporting public health..............................................3
1.7: Role of pharmacy services in current health promotion policies, campaigns and
interventions......................................................................................................................3
TASK 2: Principle of behaviour change applied in health promotion.............................................4
1.1: Principle of effective behaviour change..........................................................................4
1.2: Environmental factor that influences behaviour change.................................................5
1.3: Barrier to behaviour change............................................................................................6
1.4: Type of health promotion approach................................................................................6
TASK 3: Role of pharmacy technician in the promotion of public health......................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

TASK 1: Understanding factor that influence health and well-being and the
relationship between public health and pharmacy
Section 1: Factor influence health and well-being
1.1: Relationship between lifestyle and health and wellbeing
The variety of lifestyle and health related habit which is also known as the behavioural
factor that can affect the major individual health. It usually includes smoking, alcohol and poor
diet that may lead to create the issue of obesity or malnutrition. Therefore, the lack of exercise,
sexual behaviour and the issue which may use to create the issue which is also resulted with
substance abuse. The relationship between lifestyle and health and wellbeing is usually
interrelated that include if a person is used to take proper diet with the fixed time interval, the
health and wellbeing of the person is maintaining in effective way. Whereas, if the person is
taking poor diet and doing smoking and drug abuse it may cause the issue of disease and illness.
It directly affects the person health and wellbeing. For example, if any individual has habit of
smoking and binge eating with the substance abuse, it indicates the sign of risky behaviour that
originate the issue of diabetes, obesity, overweight and many more disease which impact the
health and wellbeing. Therefore, the lifestyle and health and wellbeing of any individual is
related with the each other.
Diet: In this, the diet is the vital element that used to perform within the people for the healthy
outcome.
Exercise: The exercise is the key elements which is help to show the outcome that is based on
the healthy approach that improve the quality of life.
Smoking: It is addictive in nature are usually cause various of issue with the disease. In addition,
it is usually show the major cause which is related with the habit of addiction due to the nicotine
and rise several issue.
Substance use: Substance abuse is usually related with drug or such drug which is addictive in
nature. In addition, they usually follow in order to create the symptoms such as addiction and
while quitting the withdrawal symptoms is also arising.
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Risky behaviour: The risky behaviour which is analysed with such context is aggressive
behaviour and various arising complication which is based on improper health that contribute to
poor health outcome.
1.2: Factor impact on health and wellbeing.
There are number of factor which may affect the health and wellbeing of individual. The
hindrance is usually occurring on the wider level when the people used to affect due to such kind
of factor. In this, the individual and wider determinant, biological, chemical, physical, social and
psychosocial factor is usually major affect factor that affect the health and wellbeing of any
individual.
Individual and wider determinant: While taking the context of individual determinant, it
affects the person health and wellbeing with the various of causes that include genetic disease or
illness such as diabetes, the behaviour of people such as smoking and excessive drinking of
alcohol, the medical care and social factor which may affect the person health and wellbeing.
The wider determinant of health that mainly include social factor, economic factor and health
inequalities influence the health and wellbeing.
Biological factor: In this, the biological factor that may also influence the health and
wellbeing of individual are age, sex, inherited condition and genetic makeup. For example, the
older adults which is biologically prone towards the poorer health than the younger due to the
physical and cognitive aspect that affect during the ageing. Therefore, the sickle cell disease is
the common example of the various of genetic determinant of health.
Chemical factor: The chemical factor that include allergen, dust and many more which
trigger some of the disease stage that include asthma, coronary obstructive pulmonary disease
and many more disease that is arise due to the chemical factor affect the person health and
wellbeing. Therefore, the wider range of people are usually affected due to the chemical factor
and they are associated with the people for the short term and longer term it depend on the
disease and their treatment.
Physical factor: The factor which is used to known in order to render the physical and
mental health outcome in such of older adults that majorly include race, gender, age, amount and
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the type of physical activity that create stop within the moment and generate the aspect of
disability that affect the health and wellbeing of people.
Social and psychosocial factor: There are wide range of factor which may affect the
health and wellbeing of the individual is due to the social determinant of health that influence the
health equity in positive and negative way that include, income and social protection, poor
education, unemployed and job security, improper food security and many more factor that affect
the person health and wellbeing.
1.3: Impact of health and wellbeing on society.
Management of disease: The impact of health and wellbeing among the society is the major
factor that is taken within the community with the different rationale that support the people
health and their wellbeing. The intervention or management of disease.
Service and resource: if person is facing the issue of diabetes or COPD and they require
medication and support and it is fulfilled by society. these are usually termed as service and
resources. Therefore, the service and resource are also provided within the society that
configure the positive health outcome.
Dependency and inequalities: In addition, the poor income may lead to create the issue of health
inequalities among the people. The health inequalities are usually arising due to the lack of
income that inhibit the person to take access to proper health benefits.
Section 2: Relationship between public health and pharmacy
1.4: Functions of public health organisations
Public health is referring as the science of protecting the safety and improving the health of
community with help of education, policy making and the research for disease and the injury
prevention. For example, public health England. They used to serve number of populations with
the vision to educate and prevent the spread of disease and injury. The core function of the public
health is health promotion that support the government and communities and develop the
education among the population to cope with the address of health challenge. In addition, the
major function of the public health organisation is to promote, protect and improve the people
health and their wellbeing.
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1.5: Role of health promotion in relation to public health
the health promotion is usually linked with public health. It is achieved by building public
policies, creating supportive environment and provide strength to the community action and
personal skills. There is vital role of a pharmacy service within the public health that include
identification and solution of community health issue by inspection of monitoring of health
status. Diagnosis and finding which is used to made in the such case of the community with wide
health hazards and many more
1.6: Role of pharmacy services in supporting public health
In addition, pharmacy used to lead to create the better healthcare service to the public health.
Pharmacy technician usually take part in the public health policy development. They play role by
linking of disease prevalence and drug utilisation. The Pharmacy technician also helps to enable
the different development of effective health policies and also contributed within the disease
prevention that is placed within the larger context.
1.7: Role of pharmacy services in current health promotion policies, campaigns and interventions
In context with pharmacy service, they play vital role in the health promotion policies, campaign
and intervention. In addition, they have specific key role for the intervention such as optimising
the use of medicine, supporting people with the aspect of self-care and promoting the vision of
health life while providing the proper information and knowledge that pursue the healthy
behaviour. therefore, they also support the people in order to live healthier and they also showing
the aspect which is helpful in order to support people that they live their life in independent
ways. In the above case scenario, for the COPD, diabetes and many more. The proper health
promotion technique with the quantification of suitable fact and figure such as use of camping in
order to educate the people and many more.
TASK 2: Principle of behaviour change applied in health promotion
1.1: Principle of effective behaviour change
In this, one of the pathways for physicians in order to enhance the well-being behaviour
of the patients and to enhance the compliance with significant recommendations is by
incorporating the peculiar principles for altering the well-being behaviours into their pre-existing
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practices (Principles of changing health behavior, 2020). Based on the observations of
successful well-being education programs, there are the eight principles of well-being behaviour
change being identified are as mentioned below:
Diagnostic principle: In this, the very basic task while altering the well-being behaviours
is to acknowledge the root causes of the behaviour. Simply as physicians, must examine a
disease before it can be properly treated, so too must a behaviour be examined before it can be
properly treated.
Hierarchical principle: After the principle of diagnoses, the second principle involves
here in altering behaviours is hierarchical principle. The following principle can argue that there
is a natural precedence in the value of the factors that impact the behaviours such that the first
order of an organization is to assure about discard components are in a place before intervening
on the allowing components and that allowed components have been addressed before
intervening on the strengthened components.
Cumulative learning principle: It is generally associated with the principle of hierarchy.
And to affect the behaviour of physicians and patients, a series of learning experiences should be
contrived in a sequence which can take into an account the pre-learning experiences as well as
the coincident incidental experiences to which the learners will be unprotected. In this, the
learnings do not occur in a vacuum.
Participation/ goals and planning principle: It is the principle which is considered by
various guiding principles in all well-being education programs. The principle can hold that the
success of the well-being education programs is proportional to the degree of containing
individuals in defining their needs, setting their priorities, can controlling their solutions as well
as evaluating their progress. The principle can enable the packaged behaviour alteration
programs to be acquired in order to meet the different conditions of a given population.
Situational specificity principle: In this principle, it can particularly hold that there is
nothing inherently high or low about the intervention methods to attain the alteration in
behaviours. It is always depended over the conditions, the targeted people, their timings and
sincerity of the agent of behaviour alterations.
Multiple methods principle: The principle can follow the diagnostic principle, insofar as
a multiple cause in variably will be found for any given behaviour. And for every multiple
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discards, enabling and strengthen the identified components, a different method of the
comprehensive programs will improve the success of the alterations in behaviours.
Individualization principle: It is the principle of emphasizing as well as coordinating the
principles of cumulative learnings, participations as well as the situational specificity. It
generally refers to the change of learning experiences of every people.
Principle of monitoring and feedback: The principle generally assures that the people
whose behaviour is quite expected to alter obtain direct and quick feedback on the degree of
progress as well as specific effects on their behaviours.
1.2: Environmental factor that influences behaviour change
There are specific environmental factors that can make impact over health and well-
being. The factors can involve chemical pollution, change in climate, air pollution, disease
causing micro-organism, lack of access to well-being care, low infrastructure and reduced water
quality (8 Environmental Factors that Affect Health, 2021).
Chemical pollution: There are various unique chemicals that can influence the health and
well-being and frequent, exposure to the harmful or dangerous chemical substances can creates
the well-being vulnerabilities.
Environmental factors: It is another environmental problem with having major change
for human well-being is the alterations in climate, along with the enhancement in the natural
disasters that significantly attended the shifts in the climate of Earth. In this, it can also influence
the health of an individual as there are liquid, solid as well as the gases particles that are being
suspended in the air and can causes poisonous and adverse impacts over the health and well-
being of an individual.
Lack of access to well-being care: It is generally another environmental component that
can specifically contribute to an illness among people as well as an overall reduced well-being
outcomes is living in a particular region with having lack of access to the well-being care
services.
Disease causing micro-organism: These components can generally present another region
of public well-being concerns. As there are various millions of microbes that can exists between
the human body and can live in soil, water and air as well. In addition to this, many of them does
not involve the negative well-being effects as well as most of the microbes can perform essential
biological functions like encouraging the immune and digestive well-being. In addition to this,
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the dangerous microbes are commonly known as pathogens that can infect the human body and
causes illness among human body. Furthermore, eating is the only way in which the harmful
microbes or pathogens that can contract with illness caused by harmful microbes.
Social factors: In this, it can play an essential role in shaping the development in
behaviours. In this, the isolation rearing outcome in people which are less explanatory, reduced
social as well as more aggressive than people grow in the groups.
1.3: Barrier to behaviour change
The change in behaviours is generally a preventative approach as well as concentrates on
the lifestyle behaviours which will influence over the well-being. The barriers that are involved
to the behaviour change can involve the lack of time, access problems, financial costs,
entrenched behaviours and attitudes, limitations in the physical environment, the reduced socio-
economic status and many more.
Social barriers: The social barriers can involve the lack of feedback, lack of immediate
consequences.
Environmental factors: The environmental factors can involve place, space, time, noise and
climate.
1.4: Type of health promotion approach
In this, promoting well-being is generally a process of allowing the people to enhance
their control over as well as to enhance their well-being as well. These all can be fulfilled by
growing the well-being public policies, creating the supportive ecosystem, as well as
strengthening the actions of the community and their personal skills as well. In addition to this,
there are basic approaches of the health promotion such as behavioural change, medical,
educational, societal alterations, client-centred, empowerment and the evidence based.
TASK 3: Role of pharmacy technician in the promotion of public health
Covered in leaflet.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
White, R.G. and Van Der Boor, C., 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial period
of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adults in the UK. BJPsych
open, 6(5).
Etheridge, B. and Spantig, L., 2020. The gender gap in mental well-being during the Covid-19
outbreak: evidence from the UK (No. 2020-08). ISER Working paper series.
Pitchforth, J., Fahy, K., Ford, T., Wolpert, M., Viner, R.M. and Hargreaves, D.S., 2019. Mental
health and well-being trends among children and young people in the UK, 1995–2014:
analysis of repeated cross-sectional national health surveys. Psychological
medicine, 49(8), pp.1275-1285.
Hunter, B., Fenwick, J., Sidebotham, M. and Henley, J., 2019. Midwives in the United Kingdom:
Levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress and associated
predictors. Midwifery, 79, p.102526.
Bignardi, G., Dalmaijer, E.S., Anwyl-Irvine, A.L., Smith, T.A., Siugzdaite, R., Uh, S. and Astle,
D.E., 2021. Longitudinal increases in childhood depression symptoms during the
COVID-19 lockdown. Archives of disease in childhood, 106(8), pp.791-797.
Online:
8 Environmental Factors that Affect Health, 2021 [Online] Available through:
<https://online.regiscollege.edu/blog/environmental-factors-that-affect-health/>
Principles of changing health behavior, 2020 [Online] Available through:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/19988085_Principles_of_changing_health_behavior>
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