Planning and Co-ordination in Construction Project

Planning and Co-ordination in the Construction Project

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Task A..............................................................................................................................................3
Gantt chart for the construction projects.....................................................................................3
Task B..............................................................................................................................................6
Calculation of duration from principles for three elements in the construction program...........6
Task C..............................................................................................................................................8
Analysis of allocating resources and considering health, safety and key risk.............................8
Task D............................................................................................................................................10
Proposal of suitable pm team structure for project....................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Effective project management includes planning, managing the resources and
coordinating to make sure that the project achieves their targets with the given duration.
Effective communication and monitoring is required at every stage of the project. This study will
discuss the work done by XYZ building contractor who has been given the project of Northwold
house. Further will prepare the planning report which will include the Gantt chart which covers
the construction and the activities and external works associated with the project. The study will
also calculate the duration for the three elements in the construction program, analysing and
justification of the allocating resources while taking the considerations into health and safety and
the key risks associated with it. This report will give light on the proposal of suitable pm team
structure for project.
MAIN BODY
Task A
Gantt chart for the construction projects
Gantt charts are basically bar charts which help in providing visual view of the tasks which
are scheduled over time. It is helpful in planning the projects of all sizes and also proves to be the
most useful way to show that which work is scheduled for doing on specific day and time. These
make it easy for the project manager to evaluate the start and end dates of all the tasks which are
to be performed in the project.
The Gantt chart will be made for the construction project for residential purposes makes
much easy for planning, managing and communicating the construction schedule which
facilitates everyone who are working towards the same goals of the project. The project manager
schedule and assigns the work to the subcontractors and crew and the construction schedule is
shared with the stakeholders and clients so that they can be informed at each stage of the project.
The project management tools and the stages can be used for the project of construction for
the residential purposes by the XYZ building contractor. This project can be divided into 5
basic stages in which further include the sub-activities (Ismail, Srewil and Scherer, 2017). The
five phases are project initiation, project planning, execution, monitoring and closure.

Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors

Initiation 42 days Thu 01-10-20 Fri 27-11-20
Feasibility test 20 days Thu 01-10-20 Wed 28-10-20
Deciding the objective 14 days Thu 29-10-20 Tue 17-11-20 3
Defining the project 8 days Wed 18-11-20 Fri 27-11-20 4
Planning 141 days Mon 30-11-20 Mon 14-06-21
Set SMART and CLEAR
goals 11 days Mon 30-11-20 Mon 14-12-20 5
Decide venue 16 days Tue 15-12-20 Tue 05-01-21 7
Identifying the work scope 17 days Wed 06-01-21 Thu 28-01-21 8
Developing road map 24 days Fri 29-01-21 Wed 03-03-21 9
Identifying the resources 12 days Thu 04-03-21 Fri 19-03-21 10
Identifying the strategies 10 days Mon 22-03-21 Fri 02-04-21 11
Deciding the time frame 12 days Mon 05-04-21 Tue 20-04-21 12
Selection of the tasks 16 days Wed 21-04-21 Wed 12-05-21 13
Cost estimation and
budget 8 days Thu 13-05-21 Mon 24-05-21 14
Selecting the laborers 15 days Tue 25-05-21 Mon 14-06-21 15
Execution 64 days Tue 15-06-21 Fri 10-09-21
Well-developed team 8 days Tue 15-06-21 Thu 24-06-21 16
Allocation of resources 12 days Fri 25-06-21 Mon 12-07-21 18
Task assignments 15 days Tue 13-07-21 Mon 02-08-21 19
Implementation of the
plans 10 days Tue 03-08-21 Mon 16-08-21 20
Effective Meetings 6 days Tue 17-08-21 Tue 24-08-21 21
Update project schedule 6 days Wed 25-08-21 Wed 01-09-21 22
Tracking the systems 6 days Thu 02-09-21 Thu 09-09-21 23
Modification in the project
plans 1 day Fri 10-09-21 Fri 10-09-21 24
Monitoring 42 days Mon 13-09-21 Tue 09-11-21
Effort and Cost tracking 11 days Mon 13-09-21 Mon 27-09-21 25
Performance of project 10 days Tue 28-09-21 Mon 11-10-21 27
Quality deliverables 15 days Tue 12-10-21 Mon 01-11-21 28
Meeting of project
objectives 6 days Tue 02-11-21 Tue 09-11-21 29
Closure 9 days Wed 10-11-21 Mon 22-11-21
Reviewing the punch list 4 days Wed 10-11-21 Mon 15-11-21 30
Review the termination
provisions 4 days Tue 16-11-21 Fri 19-11-21 32
Success measure 1 day Mon 22-11-21 Mon 22-11-21 33

The construction project which is going to be undertaken is only for the residential purpose by
the XYZ building contractor. This will be starting in the mid of October 2020 which will cover
the area of about 1100 m2. This project will be carried out in five major phases as mentioned

above. It will be initiated by carrying out the step of project initiation, at the initial level, when
the project manager is not clear about the tasks and the goals, then the feasibility test is
conducted which will help in examining that the solutions proposed align with the objectives or
not. Here the project is defined and the possible solutions are written down to meet the specific
needs (Kim and Kang, 2018). The team is consulted and then certain solutions are identified.
After the initiation stage, the planning stage comes in which all the plans are made which will
be used in the project. This plays a major role which decides the success of the project. Here, the
project manager and the team evaluates the scope of the project work and then strives hard to
develop a perfect and accurate road map. Mainly the resources needed are identified. The
resources which will be used for the construction project will be products and materials, human
resources, subcontractors, construction plant, equipment and tools, space and facilities along
with the finance. SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely) and CLEAR
(Collaborative, Limited in scope, Emotional, Appreciable and Refinable) goals are made for the
project. In this stage, the time frames and the dependencies are decided along with estimating the
cost which will be required at every stage of the project which is included in the budget.
After all the things are planned, the implementation or the execution stage comes in which a
proper team is developed for the smooth functioning and the successful completion of the
project. The resources are also allocated and the project management plans are implemented.
Various meetings come under this stage for discussing the information and the status of the
construction project (Srinivasan and Dhivya, 2020). The schedule of the project is also updated
after completing every activity so that no task can be ignored within the decided timeframe.
Various tracking systems are also used for tracking the progress of the project and according to
this the project are modified timely.
After the implementation stage, the monitoring stage comes in which it is ensured that each task
aligns with the schedule of the project. This stage must not be one time carried out but must be
carried out regularly with the execution stage simultaneously. The project management plan
must manage each and every activity of the construction process from beginning to end. Various
tools are used at this stage including the Key Performance Indicators such as effort and cost
tracking which determines that the budget is on track or not, project performance which helps in
monitoring the unforeseen challenges and changes during the project, project objectives which

ensures that the goals and the schedule of the project are met and the quality deliverables to
ensure that the fulfilment of task deliverables is done (Tomczak and Jaśkowski, 2020).
The final step is the closure step when the deliverables are offered to the client by the XYZ
building contractor. This step also checks that the weak areas are accomplished or not. The team
is informed and the documents are hand over to the operations of franchise. After this, the
lessons which are learned during the project are examined and the things which were gone right
and wrong are also identified so that the weak areas can be improved in the future projects also.
This is how, the Gantt chart for the construction project will help in communicating the timeline
of the project visually in very understandable manner (Schaufelberger and Holm, 2017). This is
why it is considered as the timeline of the project. The top of the Gantt chart presents the time
frame and the left side of the chart represents the project activities. These charts are the best way
for keeping the construction projects on schedule and ensuring that the crew members, clients
and the subcontractors are in loop.
Task B
Calculation of duration from principles for three elements in the construction program
The construction program should include all the major activities related to construction
which includes the activities, scope of work, resources, time, constraints etc. explaining 3
elements of construction program which are:
Construction planning:
Construction planning is the important activity in the construction project; the effective
construction plan should include proper budget and time duration. This further includes:
Choice of technology and method, this is very critical thing and it defines the success of the
project which takes approx 6 months because it is very critical task and it also affects the cost of
project as there are many alternatives and technology also changes rapidly (Darko and et.al.,
2019). Next is the estimation of the required resources, the resources can be the human resources
and raw materials etc it takes almost 8 months. The estimation of resources are further used for
cash flow planning. This further include identification of work tasks as the construction project
include many work tasks so that's why it is time-consuming and expensive and it takes 1.5 years.
The tasks can be building floor, roofs, walls etc in a specified time. XYZ building contractor
assign different tasks to the labour and also define the time with it.

Construction pricing:
The construction project include the cost of whole project which can include the supervision
expense, overhead expenses and profits. The factors which affect the price is also dependent
upon the location and the facility available for the construction. XYZ building contractor will
take 2 years of time in deciding the prices. As the owner want good quality of construction in the
reasonable price but did not want to take major risks. The contractor says that one cannot
estimate the actual construction cost because of the imperfect information. The contractor do
good negotiation so that they can get low price of the goods. All the costs are not possible to
determine, the construction projects include such costs as well which is the prime costs and the
provisional costs.
Labour, material and equipment utilization:
XYZ building contractor efficiently utilizes the labour, equipment and materials. Labour
productivity is defined from the o0utput by labour within one hour. The contribution by the
labours are major in the construction project that's why they influence more than the capital and
the material which include inventory, field servicing, procurement etc it they all are carefully
selected then it helps in the cost reduction. The use of advanced technology increased the quality
of work of construction project and also reduces time in completion of the project. Those
companies who do not adopted the innovation and did not mould themselves with the changing
environment have to reduce their market share as their customers had moved to their competition
(Elwakil, 2017). This element will take about 2 years of time duration, all the materials, and
equipments should utilize in such a manner that their complete benefit can be taken. Productivity
of the labour also influenced by the wages or safety benefits given by the company. XYZ
contractor gives all the safety tools to their workers like gloves, caps, boots, safety glasses etc
and timely wages are given by the company which increase their productivity.
Task C
Analysis of allocating resources and considering health, safety and key risk
Allocation of resources in construction means providing resources to numerous task and
project based on the availability of resources (Hiyassat, 2020). Distribution of resources plays a
vital role in the construction, resources help the team to make plans and policies for the

completion of the project. Accurate allocation of resources avoid conflicts and save the time and
cost as well. Correct resources make the project executed within the given time period.
The major resources which is used in the construction is human resources, labours,
equipments, funding, tools, products and materials. Allocation of these resources to the correct
person and workers helps the construction project to get completed on time. All these resources
required to utilize the planning of construction (Jang, 2019).
It helps the HR to know the problems at the start which is going to come at time of
construction, so the manger can make policies to reduce such problems. Proper allocation of
resources provides control over the project. HR plays a vital role in the forecasting of the project
for that they collaborate with the different project mangers and contractors and also determines
the labour needs. Apart from this HR look forward to hire skilled and eligible workers because
many large construction projects which are run by government needs labour union and skilled
workers. Safety of workers and their health is very important in the construction because labour
often uses those equipments which can cause injury and can harm the workers. Thus, it is the
responsibility of HR to protect the health of worker and they have to look for the wages and
remuneration of them.
There are various key risks associated with the construction project but staying the
workers safe should be the key and first priority of the construction company. Major accidents
and unpredictable risk can pop up anytime which can stop the project and working. This is one of
the main risk associated in the construction industry.
To reduce this issue management can check the safety measures at the work place.
Default in subcontractor is also a big risk, which directly linked to the cash flow problem of the
company. Increment in the project cost, delay in the fulfilment of the contract is another risk
which can make the work slow thus the cost will get increased. The major risk is the conflict
which arises between the contractor and the workers, due to this, sometimes workers stop the
work hence the fulfilment of project get delayed. Next issue which interrupts the working is
mistakes and errors in making plans and policies owing to that, company has to pay unnecessary
extra cost and budget got failed in such situations. Thefts can happen at the work place in which
the required tools, material and equipments get stolen. Sometimes technology failure can be a
risk, because all the workers are not well-versed with the usage of new tools and machines and

they don't know how to use them. It may cause injury to their heath and project got delayed.
Geographical conditions are also a key risk factor in the project.
If the project is associated nearby the river, floodplain, and highly sensitive zone, so the
weather can interrupt the working. Wrong selection of raw materials and equipments can lead
the project delayed. Economical instability, recession and political factors can affect the project.
If the prices of raw material get increased, so the entire budget got failed and management need
to make new plans and policies to meet the changed prices and complete the project on time
(Risk in building design and construction, 2020).
The construction industry is famous for high risk and poor health and safety record of the
workers. There for there are some lows and legislation has been imposed by the government for
the health and protection of workers. For that workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation
1992 has been imposed by the government top all the construction industry, in which they have
to make sure about the health and life safety of the workers like- the management of the
construction company (Legislation in the construction industry, 2017). They have to provide
proper lightning, heating, and ventilation to the workers on the place where they are working.
And the workplace should be clean so that workers don't have to face any heath disease due
unhygienic areas.
Apart from this all the necessary facility should be provided to the workers like- toilet,
refreshment, and slipping hazards as well. Besides this legislation, Provision and Use of work
Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) has been made by the government to protect the health
of the workers (Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 2021). In which the construction
company should maintain the equipments in safe condition and make sure that all the equipment
and machinery properly get installed at the workplace. This is the responsibility of the
construction company to make sure that only those workers uses such tools, equipments and
machineries who got the proper training about the usage of those machines. Except this, the very
important legislation of the welfare and development of the workers has been implemented by
the government is Personal protective equipment at work regulation 1992 (PPE), this low works
for the personnel protection of the workers. This legislation is focused on providing equipments
protects the worker in against of health and safety risk at work. This includes providing safety
helmets, footwear and safety harness. Apart from this high visibility clothes also being provided
to the workers to safeguard them from any kind of hazardous.

Task D
Proposal of suitable pm team structure for project
The construction project is done with the persons who are working together for the
success of the project. The construction management hierarchy include top-level, middle level
and low level management.
Top level management:
They are the senior most person which include project managers and senior engineers.
They are the professional people having expertise in the construction field and having the
professional degree of bachelor or masters in the engineering field. The responsibilities of the
project managers include planning and execution of the construction project and the senior
engineers have responsibilities of the development of designs, manufacturing tools, engines and
other devices related to construction (Brady and et.al., 2018). Both of their roles are very
important in the construction project because they are the people who are responsible for the
product quality and check the issues which comes within the construction.
Middle level management:
They are the middle person in the organization which communicated with the top-level
and lower level of management which includes the architects and junior engineers. Architects are
responsible for the designing of building, they design the dummy building project which tells
that how the project will look like. Junior engineers like civil engineers have the knowledge of
the construction field, they coordinate with the architects on the designing part, safety, deciding
about raw materials and methods to be used for the construction. They also have the role in
managing the skilled workers and assigning them work in order to complete the construction
project.
Lower level management:
Construction requires different people to complete the project so many lower level
employees are required to carry the construction activities. The lower level include labours, iron
workers, tradesman, carpenter etc. labours consists of unskilled workers who do the construction
activity using the equipments like power tools, heavy tools, hand tools etc given to them to
complete the task (Faten Albtoush and et.al., 2020). Sometimes they even work as assistant to
the operators in the construction field. If they have any issues in the work then they contact to the
middle level of management.

CONCLUSION
After analysing the entire report it can be concluded that, this report presents a Gantt
chart for the construction program, along with the key activities and this Gantt chart helps the
company to estimate the budget and time span of the project. Except this, calculation of duration,
elements of the construction programme has been discussed in this report with the help of this
company can easily fulfil the project at the standard time limit. Apart from this, how to allocate
resources in appropriate manner has been defined in this report along with the various health and
safety legislation has elaborated here. Apart from this suitable team structure of the project has
discussed in this report.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Brady, D.A. and et.al., 2018. Improving transparency in construction management: a visual
planning and control model. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Darko, A. and et.al., 2019. Review of application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in
construction. International journal of construction management. 19(5). pp.436-452.
Elwakil, E., 2017. Integrating analytical hierarchy process and regression for assessing
construction organizations’ performance. International Journal of Construction
Management. 17(1). pp.76-88.
Faten Albtoush, A.M. and et.al., 2020. Factors Effecting the Cost Management in Construction
Projects. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 11(1).
Hiyassat and et.al, 2020. Risk allocation in public construction projects: the case of
Jordan. International Journal of Construction Management, pp.1-11.
Ismail, A., Srewil, Y. and Scherer, R.J., 2017. Integrated and collaborative process-based
simulation framework for construction project planning. International Journal of
Simulation and Process Modelling. 12(1). pp.42-53.
Jang and et.al, 2019. Business models and performance of international construction
companies. Sustainability.11(9).p.2575.
Kim, H.S. and Kang, L.S., 2018. Functional Analysis of 4D CAD System and Improvement of
Function for Applying Linear Construction Project. Journal of the Korea Academia-
Industrial cooperation Society. 19(9). pp.269-278.
Schaufelberger, J.E. and Holm, L., 2017. Management of construction projects: a constructor's
perspective. Taylor & Francis.
Srinivasan, N.P. and Dhivya, S., 2020. An empirical study on stakeholder management in
construction projects. Materials Today: Proceedings. 21. pp.60-62.
Tomczak, M. and Jaśkowski, P., 2020, July. Accelerating the execution of construction projects
by relocating resources. In Creative Construction e-Conference 2020 (pp. 14-19).
Budapest University of Technology and Economics.
Online
Legislation in the construction industry., 2017 [online] available through:
<https://app.croneri.co.uk/feature-articles/legislation-construction-industry#:~:text=The
%20Health%20and%20Safety%20at%20Work%2C%20etc%20Act
%201974%20%28HSWA,persons%20working%20on%20their%20premises>
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)., 2021 [online] available through:
<https://www.healthyworkinglives.scot/workplace-guidance/safety/personal-protective-
equipment/Pages/ppe-legislation.aspx>
Risk in building design and construction., 2020 [online] available through:
<https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_constructio
n>
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