Analysis of Planning for Growth and Development

The assignment provided is a collection of papers and articles related to planning for growth and development. It includes research studies on business planning-performance relationships in small firms, growth poles strategy in regional planning, planning for growth in natural resource boomtowns, and multi-objective reliability growth planning in early product-development stages. The document also features case studies on worker co-op sectors in Canada and planning for growth in South East Queensland. Additionally, it includes references to essential tools such as Porter's Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis.

Planning for Growth

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analysis of key considerations for evaluating growth opportunities & justify these in
organisational context.................................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluation of growth opportunities by applying Ansoff's growth matrix.............................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Different sources of funding along with it key advantages and disadvantages.....................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Designing business plan for growth of organisation............................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................16
P5: Succession and exit plan for small business with its advantages and disadvantages.........16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION
Planning is a central activity that assist firm in achieving high growth and development as
well as attain pre-defined goals within specified time frame. The process of planning starts with
measuring existing operation of company and determine what needs to be improved
operationally in the upcoming time period. With the help of growth planning, business owner
can track revenue and market growth while formulating effective business strategy. The chosen
organization for this report is R Robson (Guinot) which is UK based company primarily deals in
beauty treatment products (Barbour and Deakin, 2012) The given report covers key
consideration needed for massive expansion and future growth, developing business plan,
assessing different source of funding along with its key benefits and lastly ways top exist
business.
TASK 1
P1 Analysis of key considerations for evaluating growth opportunities & justify these in
organisational context
Growth in business forms critical factor for an organization to attain in order to maintain
sustainability and profits of the organisation. For this company together with its management
and workforce undertake planning for its long term growth objectives. This assists firm to
maximize its work efficiency, enhance its performance and to attain goals before or within
timelines. R Robson is a small enterprise in UK that deals in beauty and skin care products thus
it has wide scope to diversify its business by introducing innovative and distinctive concepts.
Therefore to launch a new product firm is required to thoroughly identify and analyse its both
external and internal market environment factors that are likeable to posses threats and to provide
opportunities to the firm (Brinckmann, Grichnik and Kapsa, 2010). Mentioned below are certain
analysis that is requisite for firm to undertake:
Competitive advantage
Resources In order to develop a new product company make use of many materials. In
case of cosmetics on of the most important factor that induces brand image is the quality of
products and services. Thus, it is requisite for R Robson to identify and select sources that
besides been of high quality are readily available to the firm.

Capabilities: Capabilities being the potential of firm and its workforce that is to provide
it an edge over is competitors. With emergence trends in people of all age group to look
presentable there is wide scope and high level of competition in beauty and cosmetic industry.
Thus, it is essential for R Robson to continuously launch innovative and unique cosmetics
products that fulfil needs and desires of its target audience.
Core Competencies: It forms the unique selling proportion of a firm that differentiae
firms products with that of various other substitutes available in market. Core competencies
should involve factors that are significant and of utmost importance to attract its customers and
to satisfy their needs. Thus, it is critical for managers of R Robson to evaluate and introduce
innovative and improved cosmetics that could provide firm with an advantage over its rivals.
Porters-five-forces Model
For identifying and analysing factors that could prove to enhance core competencies of R
Robson company make use of Porter generic Strategy Model that is based on three components:
Cost Leadership: The major objective of this strategy is to get an edge over competitors
by providing quality products and services at competitive or lower prices (Porter’s Five Forces
of Competitive Position Analysis, 2018). Thus, R Robson tries to reduce some costs from each of
its functional areas or operations like getting raw material at lower price, increasing efficiency of
its distribution channels by maintaining smaller and efficient logistics and supply chain
management. Also it is important for managers to set size of production batch in such a way that
it is helpful for firm to reduce its manufacturing costs and to get customer satisfaction.
Differentiation: This strategy involves offering product or service that is quiet
distinctive and unique and is not provided by any competitor in the industry. In case of cosmetic
and beauty industry there is change in customers needs and demands on regular basis therefore
this serves as a great opportunity for R Robson to identify, analyse its clients aspirations and
launch products and services as per their needs to gain their loyalty.
Cost Focus: It involves firm to ficus their strategies on the target market which is less
vulnerable to availability of substitutes or where there is less competition so that firm could
attain above average ROI. Thus, managers of R Robson try to identify those segments that can
help firm to gain advantage over its competitors (Burton, 2010).
Differentiation Focus: Applying this strategy firm concentrate its focus on providing
unique products to niche market. Thus , R Robson ensures that it launches beauty products that is

most advanced with unique features so that it can cater the demands of its clients and to build its
brand image as most innovative and trustable company.
PESTLE of R Robson (Guinot)
It involves analysis of R Robson's macro business environment that assist firm to analyse
various technological and other factors that can prove to be way of gaining opportunities and
avoid threats related to business:
Political Factor: These factors relates to the factors like political stability, various tax
policies, government regulations etc. that R Robson is required to be adhere by and follow in
order to successful diversify its operations in in different countries. Launching herbal products
will help firm to gain subsidies in nations like India where government promotes use of herbal
and organic products.
Economical Factors: It includes factors like income of people, inflation rate, etc that are
requisite for R Robson to consider prior launching its new products. It is because it will help firm
to identify it target audience, to ascertain its funds requirements and to find ways to reduce its
over all costs (Chapin, 2012). R Robson to introduce new product requires huge funds that are
likeable to posses threat to its sustainability and growth in case it product did not work out.
Social factor: It comprises factors like health consciousness, attitudes and beliefs of
people etc. R Robson being dealing in beauty and care industry requires to provide top and high
quality products to its customers that are skin friendly to them. It is important factor to be
consider as it directly influences brand image and consumers loyalty and trust. Frequent changes
in clients needs related to get innovative and herbal products tends to provide opportunities for R
Robson to enhance its growth.
Technological Factor: It involves factors like use of latest and advance techniques for
that could assist R Robson to shrink its cost of production, enhance quality of its products and to
generate higher profits. It also involves cost that is to be incur in training its employees to make
them efficient in handling new techno upgrades. This provides opportunities for R Robson to sell
and promote its new products and services by making use of online e-commerce websites and
shopping portals. It helps firm reach out wide target audience globally in cost effective manner
and in less time .
Legal Factors: In UK, there are various laws that determines the safety of beauty and
skin care products , setting standards to safeguard consumers . R Robson is thus required to

adhere by these laws where in company is requisite to label their products with list of all
ingredients that are used in product, its expiry and manufacturing dates, warning statements and
other precautionary instructions and information.
Environment factors: With gaining popularity of green consumerism and ethical issues
R Robson to get an edge is shifting its strategies to introduce herbal products. This will help
firm to get positive feedback from its consumers as today clients are concerned about probable
side effects of many artificial substances that are often used in cosmetics.
New product and service:
With emerging trend and customers awareness about the negative effects of various
artificial materials like paraben, petrochemicals and other toxins there is sudden shift towards
using herbal products. To gain advantage over its rivals and to expand its target business market
R Robson is to introduce herbal face creams that are made with natural ingredients and fruits
extracts (Christofakis and Papadaskalopoulos, 2011).
BCG Matrix: To ascertain its growth opportunities R Robson make use of BCG matrix
to review its product portfolio. It assist company to take important decision regarding whether to
invest in this project or to discontinue. Mentioned below are 4 quadrants that of BCG matrix: Dog: Cash consumption is low as there small pace of growth rate and market share. Question mark: Cash consumption is high as market share is low but growth rate is high. Star: Both market rate and growth rate is quiet high that lead to high cash generation Cash Cow: It comprises returns higher than market share. Thus, in comparison to inputs
profits are high.
GE Matrix: This matrix assists r Robson to analyse and measure its business portfolios
and also to set priorities as per distinct business divisions in a systematic way. Implementation of
this matrix helps company to ascertain one of the strategy the most profitable one out of grow,
hold and divest to adopt
Product Life Cycle: This techniques supports R Robson to introduce new product in the
market. It determines the time period over which new product is to be developed, launched into
the market and remove eventually from market. It comprises four stages for a product i.e.
introduction, growth, maturity and decline. It assists owners and top level management to take
decisions regarding various marketing strategies for each stage of product life cycle.

Diffusion of Innovation: This theory explains about how, why and at what pace
technological up gradation is taking place in a market. This theory comprises four elements that
impacts the diffusion of new and innovative ideas like communication channel, time , social
system etc. Different categories of adopters are also defines that comprises innovators, early
majority, early adopters, late majority and laggards.
Collaboration:
As R Robson is planning to introduce new product, one of the ways to get success is to
collaborate with leading competitors of same industry. Mentioned below are certain modes that
company could consider:
Modes Meaning Benefits Drawbacks
Mergers &
acquisitions
It is amalgamation of two or
more firms and their assets
through various financial and
legal formalities in where
ownership of companies are
transferred.
 Already set up
business
operations
 easy entry
 Requires huge
investment'
 Issues related
to integration
of home office
operations with
new firm
Joint ventures Under this, two or more firms
join hands to pool their
resources for accomplishing a
particular objective or
completion of a project
 Helps in
enhancing
business
potential and
capacity
 brings new
insight and
expertise
 Undefined
goals

P2 Evaluation of growth opportunities by applying Ansoff's growth matrix
Ansoff's growth vector matrix is a strategical planning tool which provide a framework
for formulating strategies to exploit future growth opportunities. This model help in analysing
various factors that help company in increasing their sales as well as revenue. R Robson want to
expand their business operations for which it is very essential for the manager to analyse the
market and prevailing trends in order to identify the demand of their potential customers. So,
Ansoff growth vector matrix is a tool which help manager is analysing the opportunities present
in market and in formulating various strategies and policies in order to expand business more
appropriately. Following are the strategic approach involve in this model which help R Robson
in expanding their business with best possible strategy which assist them in capturing larger
market share and in growing faster: Market development:- this alternative of Ansoff growth matrix concentrate on selling
existing product and services into new marketplace. There are various options for using
this strategy such as adding new channel of distribution, product dimension, focusing ion
geographical marketplace and creation of new market segment using differential pricing
strategy (Eddleston and et. al., 2013). This is riskier strategy for R Robson as they don't
know about the customer's need and want in addition to this company is also not aware
about the competitors strategies. Diversification:- This strategy involve higher risk as it includes launching of a new
product in new market place but it also has the potential to allow company to achieve
higher return over their investment. Market penetration:- This strategy of Ansoff growth matrix more concentrate on selling
product and services into an existing marketplace at relatively low prices in order to
capture larger market share. It includes less risk as compare to other strategies hence is
adopted by larger number of companies. This strategy emphases on increasing the
volume of sale as under this approach company is very much aware about the customers
demand and their buying behaviour.
 Product development:- This approach includes the launching of new product in existing
market by bringing changes in various business operations and activities such as research
& development function. Product development strategy puts more emphases on bringing

internal competencies and capabilities for driving innovation in company's product and
services. This strategy is suitable for R Robson as they want to expand their business by
launching a new product (Grover, Bokalo and Greenway, 2014).
These all the strategies given by Igor Ansoff using which help a company in formulating
best possible strategy for expanding their business. Among all the above explained approaches
product development is best suitable strategy in case of R Robson as they want to expand their
business by launching a new product. With the increasing demand of beauty product company
want to launch new range of herbal organic face cream. So it is very beneficial for R Robson to
follow product development strategy by launch its new product range in existing market share
which in turn help in achieving market acceptances as existing customers prefer to purchase
product from their current brand rather than opting for new company's product.
TASK 2
P3 Different sources of funding along with it key advantages and disadvantages
R Robson (Guinot) is a small scale UK-based organization that primarily deals in selling
Beauty Treatment Products. For attaining higher growth and development, company wishes to
expand its business activities and capture high market share. Although it's credit rating is
relatively goods when compared to other competitors but still company keen for massive
expansion. In-fact, it raised an overdraft of £2.0 million from Bank but have never utilised it.
However for future expansion, adequate amount of funding is required which help firm in
carrying out business activities and operation smoothly. There are different sources of funding
available through which it can generate sufficient amount of money like bank loan, crowd
funding etc. Each one is having its own advantage & disadvantage which are discussed below
along with its brief description:-
Bank Loan: This is one of the most common and simplest form of loan capital for a
business. In general, it means sum of money borrowed by business or customer from a bank to
fulfil its specific purpose such as expansion of business, buying something etc. It is the easiest
way to avail funding (Hough and et. al., 2010). These loans provide certain tax breaks as well as
lower interest rate as compared to other sources of funding like overdraft. At the time of
repaying, client is liable to repay it along with interest amount as well. The amount of interest is
decided by bank and customers are bound to pay it.

Advantages  With bank loan, client only need to worry making payments
on time. This come out as great advantage over overdraft
where customer is bound to pay full amount when bank
demands it, no matter whether he/she is having availability
of funds or not.
 Another main advantage is, it is cost effective method
through which any customer or client can raise finance at
comparatively lower rate or interest. With this, it definitely
help clients in saving their some proportion of money (Ziari
and et. al., 2012)
 It can be easily procured as bank provide depending upon
the credit rating of the company.
Disadvantages  Bank wants some collateral security against the loan raised
by clients. Without any assets or security bank will not
provide loan to its clients.
 Loan borrowers needs to make periodic payments to banks.
If somehow they fail to make payments on time, than in that
situation bank has the authority to seize client's assets. It
negatively impacts customer's credit score.
Crowd Funding: It this, adequate funds are raised in small amount of money from large group of
people and that too with the help of internet. Crowdfunding is a form of alternative finance and
sourcing. Usually under this type of sources, amount of capital is raised to finance a new
business venture (Keough, 2015). It makes use of vast network of people through social media
website or crowdfunding websites to bring entrepreneur and investors together. Basically it serve
as a great opportunity for entrepreneurs in terms of raising millions of dollars from anyone with
money to invest.
Advantages  It is an quickest way to raise capital with no upfront fees.
Pitching can be done in an appropriate manner mainly

through online platform through large number of clients and
investors can be attracted.
 Another main advantage of this method is it provides
valuable feedbacks of customers. Not only feedbacks it also
provide additional information regarding flaws or gaps,
request modification or customization etc.
Disadvantages  It's a little complex procedure as lot of work needs to be
done before pitching investors. Depending upon the amount
of money that client is willing to raise, preparation are done
accordingly.
 High possibility of stealing of business idea with a
copyright or patent. There is no secrecy with under this
source of funding.
Peer to peer lending: Under this method, amount of capital can be raised without the use of an
official banking institutions. Peer to peer lending means eliminates the middleman or
intermediary from the process but it also includes more efforts, time and risk than other general
lending scenario(Li, Mobin and Keyser, 2016). It is a platform which connect borrowers to
investors with attractive rate of interest. On the basis of credit rating, loans are given to clients or
borrowers.
Advantages  All the resources & contents are shared equally by all peers
which means all are having equal access on given resources.
 Elimination of third party makes the process of borrowing
easy and quick.
 This method is little inexpensive as compared to other
source of funding.
Disadvantages  The main drawback of this funding source is it provide very
less information regarding both investors and borrowers.
 It can adversely impact credit rating of business as well as

clients.
TASK 3
P4 Designing business plan for growth of organisation
Business plan is a business document that is prepared by managers of R Robson for
ascertaining their future course of action to accomplish its objective and aims. It involves detail
analysis of resources required i.e. human, physical and financial, estimated time and rtechniques
that are to be taken into consideration for attaining set targets. Mentioned below is the business
plan for R Robson (MacLeod, 2013).
Business plan of R Robson for launching herbal face cream is mentioned under-
Vision & Mission:
Vision – R Robson works with the vision to cater needs of each and every age group and to
promote its brand as qualitative and skin friendly
Mission: Mission of R Robson is to get established as most prestigious and trusted cosmetics
brand around the globe.
Objectives strategies costs:
Strategic objectives: Objective of R Robson is to gain 20% increase in sales volume by
launching herbal face cream with natural ingredients and fruit extracts within December, 2019.
Internal analysis
SWOT
Strengths Weaknesses
 Collaboration with established market
leaders.
 High quality and herbal products
 Huge investment in R&D and to launch
herbal products is a costly affair that
requires huge funds
Opportunities Threats
 Diversification of business in
developing economies like India
 Demand for herbal and organic
cosmetics
 Intense competition in cosmetic and
beauty and skin care industry which is
dynamic

 Cash crunch due to various adverse
economic situation pertaining to
different nations
Target Market
Target Market for R Robson new herbal face creams are customers belonging to age group
between 16- 50 years that intensively use cosmetics and wear make-up and thus are conscious
about side effects of artificial materials used in various skin care products (Mitchelmore and
Rowley, 2013 ).
Financial information
To launch its new product for enhancing its sales volumes firm requires huge funds to be
invested in adopting new technology and making use of herbal materials in its products. For
this firm make use of various sources of funds like bank loan, crowd funding and per to peer
funding to raise required amount of funds that gives maximum returns. There is need for R
Robson to adopt extensive promotional activities like advertisement to promote launch of it
new products(Moseley, 2013).Advertisement involves making use of TV commercials, fashion
magazines, and other online sources, etc. that fits company's budget. Forecasted cost for
launching herbal lipstick is as under-
Total forecasted budget
Particular 31/12/15 ($) 31/12/16 ($) 31/12/17 ($)
Manufacturing cost 2000 - -
Promotional expense 900 800 600
Advertisement
expense
600 560 580
Catalogues 200 400 300

Machine Maintenance
cost
700 800 850
Total Cost 4400 2560 2330
From the above discussed budget, manufacturing cost has to be considered by manager in
order to attain appropriately (Guinot). Advertising cost, machine maintenance cost,
promotional expense, etc. are needed by them. In order to attract customers, managers are
thinking to develop lipsticks with some model. It requires some modifications which will
improve their product and will establish a good reputation in the market (Chapin, 2012).
Catalogues are necessary as they increases the knowledge about different shades of lipstick.
Less expenses were incurred in 2016, 2017 as compared to 2015.

Cash flow statement provide information related to inflow and outflow of cash. There is use of
some policies that helps them to perform business in proper way. Cash flow statement includes
description related to operating, investing and financial statement. Operating expenses is
concerned with routine expenses of business, investing activities are related to investment made
by company lastly financial activities provides knowledge about raising of funds (Christofakis
and Papadaskalopoulos, 2011). Aggregate income of last three years was 72001. In investing
activities there is use of purchase and sale of plant and machinery. R Robson (Guinot) repays
loans. They pays dividend over issued shares.

TASK 4
P5: Succession and exit plan for small business with its advantages and disadvantages
Every organization always tried to expand its business operations but it is not that simple
task as lots of changes are required to be done in business operations. Therefore, it is essential to
understand what changes can be made so as to expand business on large scale. The manager of
an organization are required to make decision whether to expand business or exit from the
market after analyzing their profitability from last few years. Decision regarding exist can be
made if an organization continuing facing losses from last many years and still have no chances
to earn profit in near future (Pallagst, 2010). Therefore, it requires suitable planning related with
exit or succession plan. It affects their business operations as well. For this, the manager is
playing an important role in performing roles and responsibilities according to the required
changes as per the market trends.
Ways of exit options:
Winding up: It is the way of leaving market with the intervention of legal bodies. The
business manager of an organization sees that the business are continuing facing losses and still
have no chance in future to earn huge then they need to communicate with BOD of company and
accordingly BOD may decide to end up the business.
Benefits Drawbacks
 The legal bodies took interfere in
winding up process due to which the
chances of facing fraud in society are
minimum (Todes, 2012)
 Such winding process consumes more
time due to delay in taking proper
actions by manager.
 All liabilities are set off and assets are
paid to directors and promoters.
 Financial image of business are
minimised due to ending up the
business.
Selling: In this way, the business are handed over or transfer to the other party in
exchange of some amount of payment. It requires proper evaluation which assist in performing
business operation in more effective way. Such decision of selling business can be taken due to
lack of financial resources and other resources Valler, Phelps and Wood, 2012)

Benefits Drawback
 Selling business doesn't requires more
time as compared to other exit option.
 There are high possibilities that the
amount received in return of business
are lower than actual price.
 No effect on goodwill of company thus
the sales of company remain stable.
 Difficult to make promotional plans in
order to build new image of owner in
market.
Ways of succession:
Merger and acquisition: It is considered as best method through which an organization
can build reputed image in competitive market. In this, two companies come together and
combined together with an objective of capturing large market share.
Benefits Drawbacks
 Improvement in features of products
due ton having lots of ideas from
skilled employees of both companies.
 There is no confidentiality of sharing
profits and financial details of
company.
 Sustainability and profitability of an
organisation are also increased.
 The chances of conflicts among the
managers of both organisation are more
Integration: In integration, activities of two or more companies which are related with
same or different field are combined with an objective of expanding business operations on large
scale. There are mainly four types of integration which includes vertical, conglomerate, forward
vertical, horizontal integration (Wu, 2015).
Benefits Drawbacks
 There is increases in market reach and
minimises cost as well.
 The chances of monopoly of one
product are more due to which the
overall performance of business
organisation are much affected.
 R&D team can perform better with the  The growth of business are much

help of integrations more deeply. slower due to delay in making effective
decision and proper planning.

CONCLUSION
From mentioned report, it can be concluded that success and growth of any company
depend upon how effectively it formulate strategies and how systematically it implements them.
For massive business expansion, there are various aspects that needs to be taken into account
such as analysis of market environment, various sources of funding, different entry and exit
options and assessing the growth opportunities. For doing it successfully, several tools and
models were used such as PESTLE, Porter's Generic Strategy, BCG Matrix etc. Additionally
different sources of funds are also assessed along with its key advantage and disadvantage which
ultimately help business owner in taking decision accordingly.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Barbour, E. and Deakin, E.A., 2012. Smart growth planning for climate protection: Evaluating
California's Senate Bill 375. Journal of the American Planning Association. 78(1).
pp.70-86.
Brinckmann, J., Grichnik, D. and Kapsa, D., 2010. Should entrepreneurs plan or just storm the
castle? A meta-analysis on contextual factors impacting the business planning–
performance relationship in small firms. Journal of Business Venturing. 25(1). pp.24-
40.
Burton, P., 2010. Growing pains: The challenges of planning for growth in South East
Queensland. Australian Planner. 47(3). pp.118-125.
Chapin, T.S., 2012. Introduction: from growth controls, to comprehensive planning, to smart
growth: planning's emerging fourth wave. Journal of the American Planning
Association. 78(1). pp.5-15.
Christofakis, M. and Papadaskalopoulos, A., 2011. The Growth Poles Strategy in regional
planning: The recent experience of Greece. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in
Urban Management. 6(2). pp.5-20.
Eddleston, K.A. And et. al., 2013. Planning for growth: Life stage differences in family firms.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 37(5). pp.1177-1202.
Grover, B.E., Bokalo, M. and Greenway, K.J., 2014. White spruce understory protection: From
planning to growth and yield. The Forestry Chronicle. 90(1). pp.35-43.
Hough, P. and et. al., 2010. The worker co-op sector in Canada: Success factors, and planning
for growth. Canadian Worker Cooperative Federation.
Keough, S.B., 2015. Planning for growth in a natural resource boomtown: Challenges for urban
planners in Fort McMurray, Alberta. Urban Geography. 36(8). pp.1169-1196.
Li, Z., Mobin, M. and Keyser, T., 2016. Multi-objective and multi-stage reliability growth
planning in early product-development stage. IEEE Transactions on Reliability. 65(2).
pp.769-781.
MacLeod, G., 2013. New urbanism/smart growth in the Scottish Highlands: Mobile policies and
post-politics in local development planning. Urban Studies. 50(11). pp.2196-2221.
Mitchelmore, S. and Rowley, J., 2013. Growth and planning strategies within women-led SMEs.
Management Decision. 51(1). pp.83-96.
Moseley, M.J., 2013. Growth Centres in Spatial Planning: Pergamon Urban and Regional
Planning. Elsevier.
Pallagst, K., 2010. The planning research agenda: shrinking cities–a challenge for planning
cultures. Town Planning Review. 81(5). pp.i-vi.
Todes, A., 2012. Urban growth and strategic spatial planning in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Cities. 29(3). pp.158-165.
Valler, D., Phelps, N. and Wood, A., 2012. Planning for growth? The implications of localism
for ‘Science Vale’, Oxfordshire, UK. Town Planning Review. 83(4). pp.457-488.
Wu, F., 2015. Planning for growth: Urban and regional planning in China. Routledge.
Ziari, I. And et. al., 2012. Integrated distribution systems planning to improve reliability under
load growth. IEEE transactions on Power Delivery. 27(2). pp.757-765.
Online:

Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/essential-tools/porters-five-forces.html >.