Health Care Needs and Challenges

This assignment delves into the diverse healthcare needs of individuals within society. It examines specific challenges faced by homeless adults, immigrants and refugees, sexual and gender minority veterans, dementia patients, and caregivers. The text analyzes how cultural factors influence health care interactions and explores the role of spirituality in end-of-life care. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of interprofessional teamwork and patient satisfaction in online health information seeking. The assignment emphasizes the evolving landscape of healthcare and the need for targeted research and policy interventions to address these multifaceted needs.

UNDERSTANDING
SPECIFIC NEEDS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Concept of health, disability, illness and behaviour.........................................................1
1.2 Changes in perceptions about specific needs...................................................................2
1.3 Impact of legislation.........................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Different care needs of individuals...................................................................................4
2.2 Current system for supporting individuals.......................................................................5
2.3 Evaluation of services available.......................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Approaches and interventions..........................................................................................7
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention strategies............................................................................8
3.3 Potential impacts of emerging developments...................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Concepts of challenging behaviour................................................................................10
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour.....................................................................12
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging behaviour........................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
The health and social care sector has changed a lot from previous days because of which
it has become necessary for each care provider to have a deep understanding and knowledge of
their profession. This knowledge helps the care provider in understanding the requirements of
care users in better way. There are great advancements in the technologies which have helped in
providing care to its users (World Health Organization, 2012). In the present report, case study
will be referred for further discussion in detailed manner so that changes that have come in the
present day practices and legislations as compared to past time can be understood. Besides this,
various approaches and interventions that are available in relation to specific needs will be
studied.
TASK 1
1.1 Concept of health, disability, illness and behaviour
A number of concepts are relating to health and social care services are prevalent. The
employees who are giving service in health and social care setting are required to have a
complete and detailed knowledge of various concepts related to it (Kirmayer and et.al., 2011).
This helps in performing their job in an accurate way. Any misconception and disbelief related to
concepts of disability, illness and behaviour can result into harm for various objectives related to
health and social care.
Health: As per various specialists in medical field, the health is a condition in which there is no
existence of any bad medical status or illness. It can also be defined as a state of complete
physical and mental condition without any disease.
Disability: As per the specialists, the disability can be defined as inability of a person either
mentally or physically due to which they are not able to interact or take active participation on
equal basis in the society (Marziali, McCleary and Streiner, 2010). However, the disability in a
person cannot be undertaken as a health issue but it is a condition in which the balance between
features of body is not maintained.
Illness: Illness is basically a physical and emotional condition in which every person have a
different perception. It refers to the sickness in which various symptoms may be seen that can be
different for different persons.
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Behaviour: The behaviour can be understood as a reaction which an individual gives in response
of his surrounding events.
The above concepts reflect various conditions and status according to which the needs of
users of health and social care varies (Reeves and et.al., 2011). If a person is ill, he will have a
different need of physical caring, medications and rest. While a person who is disable, will
require more of emotional caring than physical caring so that they can feel themselves as a part
of society.
1.2 Changes in perceptions about specific needs
The world is moving towards the development phase in a faster speed because of which a
number of traditional belief, assumptions and thinkings have also been replaced by new ones.
This changed belief has also taken place in the field of health and social care. It is apparent that
those persons who have by type of disability and have some specific needs are more assailable to
be deprived, harmed, exploited or abused in the society (Mattocks and et.al., 2014). Therefore, it
becomes necessary to understand their specific needs so that their conditions and needs can be
addressed on time, failing to which may have serious consequences for health and mental
condition. Previously, the people with specific needs were not able to communicate effectively
about their needs due to inability in accessing proper channels. Because of this inaccessibility,
they were unable to tell their various needs. But, in present time, the perceptions have been
changed due to two reasons:
 Alteration in customs and trends
 Changes in philosophical beliefs.
In present case, it is evident that Peter who is having condition of Cerebral Palsy which
has resulted in his inability to use lower limbs and hearing takes active participation in local
theatre groups and also does swimming everyday (Edwards and et.al.,2010). This shows that due
to recent changes in perceptions of people for all individuals having specific needs, their
condition has improved a lot. Besides, this, they are now able to voice out their different needs
effectively which are not ignored but addressed in an appropriate way. There are two sort of
models that are used in the medical line. These models are social and medical model. There is
different between both sorts of models. Social model is one under which disable person is
considered as normal human being which need support from the relevant people in order to fight
with the disease from which it is suffered.
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On moral and human grounds treatment is given to the individuals. On other hand, in
case of medical model if any person is suffered from disease the medical treatment is given to
same and main focus is on helping individual to be cured from disability. Because individual is
treated as patient no focus is given on its education and employment. This is the basic difference
between medical and social model.
1.3 Impact of legislation
For governing any field in an appropriate way, it is necessary to make different
legislations and acts that can help in making a better management. Amidst of this, it is necessary
to have some social policies, that can help in changing perceptions and attitudes of individuals
towards different issues. In the sector health and social care, acts that have been made for
bringing improvements in this sector are as follows:
National health service act, 2006: The said act is primarily based on making allocation of funds
by National Health Service to various sectors that are providing their care and service to needy
persons (Thoits, 2011). All the activities and management of funds are looked after by
government, so that right functioning of each activity can be ensured. Besides this, enactment of
this act helps in fulfilling the needs of various bodies related to equipments and instruments so
that thy can give better care to care users.
Health and social care act, 2012: The major function of this act is to make various guidelines
and rules that can help in smooth functioning of various activities. Besides this, there is a need of
an act which can help in facilities operations management for which this act fulfils the objective
and make different activities which can aid in giving improvements related to this sector
(Baggett and et.al., 2010).
Social policy: The social policy refers to assorted norms, values, belief and culture of a society
which has a great role in changing the perception and attitude towards individual having specific
needs.
I have analysed that all these norms and acts have brought major developments in the
field of health and social care because of which the conditions related to people having specific
needs can be fulfilled. Because of the changes that have come in culture and values of society
has given a positive feeling to disable people, consequently they are less vulnerable to activities
of abuse, violence and harm. It has helped families like Peter, by giving them a better support
and care due to which they are able to recover (Aveyard, 2014).
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TASK 2
2.1 Care needs of individuals
An individual patient have following needs required to be fulfilled to gain their
satisfaction with treatment and hospitalisation effectively as: Physical: One who is suffered from specific disease needs physical support. This is
because due to disease energy level reduced in the human body and due to this reason one
face difficulty in doing physical work and its power to make decisions also reduced.
Thus, one needs physical support of care taker and relatives. Emotional: As mentioned above due to suffering from disease cognitive power of an
individual get reduced. Due to this reason one ability to make wise decisions and
selection reduced sharply. Hence, patient make lots of mistakes in day to day life. In such
kind of situation one need emotional support from friends and relatives Social: There are social needs of an individual who is suffered from specific disease.
When one is patient connection of same with the general public get reduced to large
extent. This negatively affect an individual. Thus, it can be said that patients have social
needs.
 Financial: There are financial needs of an individual as cost of medication is very high.
Hence, one need sufficient amount of finance to get treatment in better way from the
doctor.
2.2
Government plays crucial role in social welfare and health promotion for patients.
Likewise, there are variety of clinics established in different sectors for specific diseases as;
cancer, paralises, heart diseases and so on. Therefore, effective treatments and hospitalisation can
be provided to care takers in wide range systematically.
Covered in Brochure
TASK 3
3.1 Approaches and interventions
There are various approaches and interventions that are available in the field of health
and social care settings. As per this, the approaches and interventions help in getting the better
care and understanding of people with various types of difficulties. In addition to this, the
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approaches are helpful in getting a better vision of people with specific needs (Aveyard, 2014.).
Some of the approaches and interventions in the health and social care setting are as follows: Alternative and augmentative communication: This type of approach is applicable for
those individuals who have a need of some special form of communication through
which they can communicate in proper way. Thus, it is helpful for those people who are
not able to use standard form of communication (Shim, 2010). Behavioural and developmental interventions: This intervention is based on a large
range of development and educational strategies, different interactive programmes and
techniques which is based on teaching and coaching of individuals. Biomedical intervention: The biomedical intervention is related with interventions which
are meant for restricting or reducing the impacts of biomedical problems. This include
issues like various types of abnormalities, dysfunction of immune system and deficiency
of nutrients. Self-help: This is the one of the approach that is used in medical field for treatment of
patient. Under this patient is teach about the way in which it can meet its needs without
help of any person. It can be said that self-help is the one of the important tool that can be
used to support individuals with specific needs.
 Advocacy: Advocacy can be given by motivating individual to take treatment
consistently and learn different relevant approaches on time. By giving back support due
care of the patient can be done and treatment can be given in proper manner to same.
These types of approaches and interventions are helpful in understanding the needs of
older people (Murray and et.al., 2012). Besides this, it also helps in giving them proper care and
support so that they can have a better condition regarding their health.
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention strategies
The evaluation of various interventions will help in knowing the effectiveness of different
approaches so that they can be proved to be of much help.
Non statutory provisions
Non statutory provisions are those under which hospitals at their own level determine the
way that must be followed to treat patients in proper manner.
Behavioural and developmental intervention: The educational programmes and interactive
learning has proved to be of good use as it has aided in encouraging the individuals and make
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them able to cope up with their disabilities (Tustin, 2010). In the case of mentioned approach
there is full autonomy to the hospitals and at their own discretion they can decide whether to
follow specific approach.
Statutory provisions
Statutory provisions are those under which Government Issue some practices that must be
followed to treat patients in proper manner.
Biomedical intervention: With the help of biomedical interventions, various types of challenges
immune dysfunctions and care needs of the older people have been fulfilled which helps in
solving the major issues. In the case of mentioned approach there is no full autonomy to the
hospitals because government already prepare strict rules and regulations and government have
to follow same.
These intervention strategies are helpful in monitoring of patients needing a special care
so that a proper check can be made to ensure improvements in their health. Besides this, various
issues related to the old people's care and their challenging behaviour can be guided and
maintained in a better way with the help of a above mentioned interventions and approaches
(World Health Organization, 2012). There are number of people that are suffered from the
disease like dementia and due to this reason their learning ability declined sharply. In such a
situation it become difficult to handle such kind of patients. Sometimes care takers treat patients
badly. Thus, there must be clear segregation between right of care takers and protection that
patients must have. It must be ensured that even individual is suffered from dementia it is treated
in systematic way. However, if situation become out of control then in that case care taker must
have right to take action against patient to control it. In same way, patients must have protection
right under which if situation may be possible to be control then in that case tough action from
side of care taker must be prohibited. This must be clear difference between right and protection.
The people with specific needs have the right to use various services as well as to work. They
also have the right to not to be discriminated while accessing health and social care services. In
contrast to this, people with specific needs require protection from harm and injury. In this
regard, they must be provided with the required tools and supports so that they are capable of
protecting themselves.
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3.3 Potential impacts of emerging developments
In the society, various norms and cultures are prevailing which may or may not
cooperate in the development of an individual with specific needs. It is evident that due to early
practices of society, different beliefs were set up which did not support the individuals with
specific needs. Because of this, they were deprived of many rights. In current system, a lot of
improvements have come due to which the many health and social care centres are actively
taking participation for improvements. This active participation from health and social care
practices, it is evident that many issues have been resolved (Kirmayer and et.al., 2011). Some of
the potential developments have been done which has resulted into well being of the persons
having specific needs. In addition to this, further developments are being done in this area so that
overall improvements can be made in such regard. Under the programmes of health can social
care setting, plans have been made to benefit people mentally and physically. This potential
development's scope can be increased by the participation of societies. This will help in giving
them encouragement and inspiration to develop themselves. Moreover, different development
planning are set to give better employment opportunities for the individuals having specific
needs along with various other services (Marziali, McCleary and Streiner, 2010). By educating
these individuals, a great contribution can be made in development of society and country as
well.
There are various impacts due to emerging developments. There has been an
advancements in the technologies which has transformed the way of dealing things. Besides this,
there are various inventions in the medical field that has helped in making life of people easier
and much improved. Apart from this, the legislations and various policies have been modified
under which programmes of health can social care setting, plans have been made to benefit
people mentally and physically. Technology: Improvement in technology positively affect people as it make simple for
doctors to perform complex operations in systematic manner. It can be said that
technology is the factor that help doctors in performing operations easily. Medical advancement: New researches are conducted in medical fields and many new
research outcomes are obtained. These research outcomes are taken in to consideration to
develop innovative ways to perform operations.
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 Legislation: Legislations are prepared in healthcare sector which instruct hospitals to
operate in proper manner. Thus, this affects the people and practices.
TASK 4
4.1 Concepts of challenging behaviour
Challenging behaviour
The challenging behaviour is defined as the concept which is culturally abnormal with a
high intensity and aggressiveness in different durations that can be dangerous for other persons'
life and safety issues. In such cases, there is a possibility that the suffering person may deny to
have the access of any medical service. They may have the attitude and aggressiveness of high
level that they may even harm themselves (Reeves and et.al., 2011). These types of challenging
behaviour is quite common in the health and social care practice which poses a challenge for
health and care providers as well. The society also does not accept such behaviour easily, but
through various efforts that have come up in recent times have helped in changing the attitude of
society against such people.
Various challenging behaviour arise are related to the different kinds of diseases like
stomach pain, headache, constipation, throat infection etc.
Concepts related to it
The present case of Mr. JC showcases the situation of challenging behaviour where he is
specific to various kinds of things. Any thing which he doesn't like makes him aggressive
because of which he harms different care providers as well (Mattocks and et.al., 2014). He does
not believe any person nor he founds any of the care provider's attitude and manners positive
except the manager's. This is a challenging behaviour where he dos not treat anyone in a positive
manner so that he has been given special care from a professional. Here it is evident that the staff
is also very unhappy with his attitude for which the manager is giving them a better
understanding about the case.
Reasons
There are number of reasons of such challenging behaviour in an individual. The major
and most common reason among all is the isolation of an individual (Edwards and et.al.,2010).
Many times, it is apparent that when a person does not get much time with family or friends, they
often show such behaviour to catch their attention. This generally develops into a major issue in
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later periods giving rise to a psychological problems. In present case, Mr. JC is also suffering
from such issue as he is isolated because of which, a problem of challenging behaviour is
developed in him.
Under mentally disorder: When a health practitioner going to provide services to the
mentally disorder people or patient then face issues regarding to the give proper treatments. The
reason is that, patient not understand anything and by which sometimes refuse to take medicines.
Further, doctors face several challenges from this kind of mental patient at the time of giving
better treatments.
Under physically disorder: Moreover, the patient who has physical problem then
challenges with the doctors are that to handle him there are at least to nurses or practitioners
required. Along with this, each and every time like eating, sitting etc. support is needed which is
also one challenge with them.
Under neurology disorder: With such kind of patients, there are cognition power of him
reduces and disease of forget some situations occur. Furthermore, on the time he cannot taken
medicines which is he challenge with health practitioners.
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour
The challenging behaviour of patients in health and social care setting is a critical issues
as it have a mixed impact on various persons (Thoits, 2011). It is clear that the due to the
challenging behaviour of various individuals can be dangerous for different fellow patients as
well as for the care providing staff in the health and social care organisations. This issue
primarily takes place due to the patient living in isolation. Thus, they are kept among other
patients so that they can interact with each other. However, this is not possible in case of more
severe cases. This can lead to various serious consequences due to which the fellow patients and
care providers can also be in dangerous situation. In present case of Mr. JC, it is apparent that the
care providers are also unhappy with his behaviour. Thus, it is necessary that they are taken care
of in a proper manner and with adequate emotional care (Baggett and et.al., 2010).
As per the study, it is essential to have the communication level among various
concerned authorities to be of greater degree. To gain the changes and better results, targets must
be decided along with a specific deadline. Moreover, for violating the policies and rules, there
should be the provisions related to punishments and penalties.
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When the challenging behaviours are to be arisen then create several impacts which are
like communication, hamper to targets and time frame to achieve objectives, dedications etc.
Moreover, able to recover the solutions that whether punishments needs to give or not.
There are several kinds of criteria settled out through which health practitioner going to
provide health-care services kin appropriate manner which are like time out, targets as well as
boundaries. In order to give the effective services there are time is settled out that within specific
period certain treatments are mandatory to provide. Further, targets are also determined that
which kind of treatments and services are to be given like to the mental patient electrical short
has to given or not. Moreover, when talking about the boundaries then health practitioner face
challenge. For instance, proper criteria as well as boundary is made hat up to certain level of
treatments health practitioner cannot go above this.
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging behaviour
The people with a challenging behaviour are in need of keeping in special care as they are
more vulnerable to give harm to other patients as well as any care provider. They take very
aggressive form because of which it is necessary that they are kept in proper room with some
special monitoring so that they cannot harm themselves or any other person. When a person with
challenging behaviour becomes aggressive, that means he is asking for something strongly.
Thus, in case of his inability to convey the message in appropriate way they can take aggressive
behaviour (Aveyard, 2014). In case of Mr. JC, he also takes the aggressive behaviour when he
does not find things appropriately in the way he wants. Therefore, people with such challenging
behaviour require to be treated by a professional who has a complete knowledge of the issues.
Besides this, he should be able to understand their behaviour in a calm way and show them a
great understanding of kn owing their feeling. Thus, it will help in getting their condition better.
One of the best strategy to complete the work with challenging behavior is use of the
professional standards and values. By taking support of the standard procedures the practitioners
can provide better services which is one of the challenges for them. Moreover, by considering
code of practices as well as proper policies, procedures and premises they able to work and
complete task with challenging behaviours.
When the health practitioner like nurses, doctors etc. face challenges while giving
treatments to different kinds of patients then several types of legislations as well as codes of
practices are adopted. The doctors are highly mandatory to use code of practices like give proper
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and effective kind of treatments as well as medicines accordance to their diseases. The
neurology patient is not able to understand anything about treatments, medicines etc. that means
doctors cannot cheat with him in adverse ways. For this, he must provide those kinds of
treatments and medicines which not harm to his physical parts and not create any negative
impact. It must be according to the legal rules and legislations.
CONCLUSION
The above report is based on understanding specific needs as per which the health and
social care setting has been referred. In the report, different cases have been taken into
consideration according to which it has been attempted to make an analysis on changes that have
taken place in health and social care setting. It is evident that due to different practices and steps
undertaken by government and health and social care settings, various developments have
emerged (Shim, 2010). This has resulted in improving the conditions of such people who have
been facing different challenges in getting a proper care and in society. The report has concluded
that due to different norms, the attitude of society has also changed in present time because of
which the people with specific needs have set up themselves in a much better way. They have
started feeling better in the society and have become efficient in coping up with various
challenges.
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REFERENCES
Journals and Books
Aveyard, H., 2014. Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Baggett, T.P. and et.al., 2010. The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: a national study.
American journal of public health. 100(7), pp.1326-1333.
Edwards, A. and et.al.,2010. Review: The understanding of spirituality and the potential role of
spiritual care in end-of-life and palliative care: a meta-study of qualitative research.
Palliative Medicine. 24(8), pp.753-770.
Kirmayer, L.J. and et.al., 2011. Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees:
general approach in primary care. Canadian Medical Association Journal,. 183(12),
pp.E959-E967.
Marziali, E., McCleary, L. and Streiner, D.L., 2010. Evaluation of an assessment battery for
estimating dementia caregiver needs for health and social care services. American Journal
of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®. 25(5), pp. 446-454.
Mattocks, K.M. and et.al., 2014. Understanding health-care needs of sexual and gender minority
veterans: how targeted research and policy can improve health. LGBT health. 1(1), pp.50-
57.
Murray, S.A. and et.al., 2012. Illness trajectories and palliative care. Int Perspect Public Health
Palliat Care. 30, pp.2017-19.
Reeves, S. and et.al., 2011. Interprofessional teamwork for health and social care (Vol. 8). John
Wiley & Sons.
Shim, J.K., 2010. Cultural health capital: a theoretical approach to understanding health care
interactions and the dynamics of unequal treatment. Journal of Health and Social
Behavior. 51(1), pp.1-15.
Thoits, P.A., 2011. Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health.
Journal of health and social behavior. 52(2), pp.145-161.
Tustin, N., 2010. The role of patient satisfaction in online health information seeking. Journal of
health communication. 15(1), pp.3-17.World Health Organization, 2012. Dementia: a
public health priority. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization, 2012. Dementia: a public health priority. World Health
Organization.
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Online
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