Principles of Management

This report analyses four behavioral theories of leadership and the path-goal and situational leadership theories. It also distinguishes between transactional, transformational, charismatic, and visionary leaders.

Running head: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Principles of Management
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Name of the University
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Executive Summary
The report has assisted in understanding and analysing the different kinds of styles of
leadership which has played different kinds of role in improving the business-related
operations. It can be seen that all kinds of leadership are appropriate for the different kinds of
business environment which needs to be incorporated as per the demand of the situation.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Analysis of Four behavioral leadership theories........................................................................3
Analysis of Situational Leadership Theory and Path-Goal Leadership Theory in Leadership..4
Distinguish between transactional as well as transformational leaders along with charismatic
and visionary leaders..................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
In present scenario of business environment, as commented by Hoch et al., (2018), the
leadership is considered to be the research area along with practical skill which encompasses
the overall ability of the individuals or the company to guide or lead the other teams or
individuals or the entire company. The major purpose of the report is to analyse four
behavioral theories of leadership and analysis of the path-goal and situational leadership
theories can explain the leadership prospects in a workable manner. Moreover, the
differences between transformational and transactional leader needs to be identified as well as
visionary and charismatic leaders.
Analysis of Four behavioral leadership theories
Ohio State Leadership Studies
It is considered to be the major behavioural leadership theory wherein the two critical
types of leadership characteristics can be found and out of which one can be high or low or
independent of one another as well (Hoch et al., 2018). The entire research was being done
and based on questionnaires to the subordinates and leaders of the different companies.
Michigan Leadership Theory
It is the other behavioural Theory wherein it indicates the fact that the satisfactory
results in the company is achieved which can be the result of the higher performance and the
satisfaction of the group and it can be suitable for the effectiveness of the firm in a suitable
manner (Zhou et al., 2018).
Great Man Theory

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It is considered to be the aspect which helps in stating the fact that some of the people
are born with the necessary kind of attributes which helps them in setting apart from the
others and these are the ones which are responsible in assuming the positions related to
authority and power (Zhou et al., 2018). The Great Man Theory examples include Abraham
Lincoln as they were the natural born leaders with the in-built behavioral leadership aspects.
Contingency Theory
It is considered as the theory which helps in stating the effectiveness of the leaders
and it is contingent, in what wayher or his style of leadership contests to the respective
condition and the leaders need to find out the situation and style which can be thrived by
them (Anderson& Sun, 2017). The motivation and leadership are the two aspects which
needs to be managed by the leaders as it is the significant aspects to the organizational
behaviour.
Analysis of Situational Leadership Theory and Path-Goal Leadership Theory in
Leadership
The situational leadership theory is defined as the one wherein the manager or the
leader of the company must adjust to the style which will be fitting in any kind of situation. It
is considered to be the adaptive style which encourages the different leaders to take the stock
of their team members and develop workgroups and people appropriately (Thompson&Glasø,
2015). It is simple in nature as it allows the different managers or the leaders in evaluating the
overall situation and apply the corrective style of leadership appropriately. It means that
choosing the right type of leadership for the right people and gain proper insights on
understanding the situation of the individuals effectively. Lastly, the leaders have the
permission to change the styles of management as they see it and perceive it.

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On contrary, the path-goal theoryis defined as the aspect which is mainly based on
specifying the style of leaders or the behaviour which will be best fitting the employee and
work environment as to achieve the sustained goals appropriately. It is based on Vroom’s
Expectancy Theory wherein individuals are ordered to behave in such a manner grounded on
expectations wherein act can be mainly followed by the assumed kind of consequence and on
overall attractiveness of outcome of the individual (Anderson& Sun, 2017). It is not
considered to be the detailed process wherein it helps in determining the environmental
characteristics and employee who will be providing support and main focus is on motivation.
The theory states the fact good leader delivers the stronginstructions, set high goals and
becomes involved in achievement of the goals and supports the different employees (Zhou et
al., 2018).
Distinguish between transactional as well as transformational leaders along with
charismatic and visionary leaders
The transactional leadership style is the one which employs punishments along with
rewards for motivating the different followers. It is responsive and these leaders work within
the organizational culture. In the respective scenario, it motivates the different groups by
interestingto own self-interest (Grabo, Spisak& van Vugt 2017). The transactional leaders do
not look in advance in the strategic manner for guiding the company to position themselves in
market leadership, instead these are the various managers who are concerned to make sure
that everything streamseffortlessly in the current scenario. The major motivational tool in
transactional leadership approach is the fact it attracts the different followers through stroking
their self-regard in the first place and it is best for the settled environment.

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For instance- Bill Gates is transactional leader as he had the capability to influence
and transform the entire world and company. He has been successful in inheriting his
ambitions that has led him to be on top.
On the other hand, the transformational leadership style is the aspect wherein the
leader employs the charisma along with enthusiasm for inspiring the different followers
which is known as transformational leadership. In the respective scenario, the leaders mainly
lay proper emphasis on ideals, values along with needs of the different followers (Gebert,
Heinitz&Buengeler, 2016). The respective style is helpful to the strategic development of the
business and the main motivational tool is inspiring the different followers through setting the
group interest as the priority and is best suited for the turbulent environment (Banks et al.,
2016).
For instance- Jeff Bezos is considered to be the transformational leader who have
been successful in managing the employees and achieve the success in market.
Charismatic Leadersare the different individuals who gain the knowledge through
following as their personality demands the same. They are considered to be the charming
individuals who have the capability to make the different individuals think that they are like
them (Dartey-Baah, 2015). These kinds of leaders motivate the different followers in such a
manner which will help them in letting the things done and there can be certain things which
needs to be done appropriately and it is the style which is almost of the divine origin. For
instance- Barack Obama is the charismatic leader who have been capable of handling the
different aspects of the task and managers appropriately.
Visionary Leaders are the different individuals who can be utilising the idea
regarding the manner in which the things can be done and it will be helpful in motivating the
individuals to do and perform the activities (Deichmann& Stam, 2015). The visionary leaders

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help in providing the strong picture of the necessary future which stimulates the enthusiasm
along with engendered obligation. They have the risk-taking approach which will be
beneficial in coming up immediately with the solutions which can enhance their growth and
they are considered to be the strategic business planner as well. For instance-Henry Ford is
considered to be visionary leader as he has the capability of understanding the vision of
company and achieve them as per the guidelines (Hoch et al., 2018)
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be determined that leadership is the major aspect which needs to be
managed by the different companies to achieve the goals and achieve the sustained
competitive advantage. From the differences of the different styles of leadership, it can be
seen that the goal is to increase the motivation among employees and provide satisfaction and
empowerment to the different employees and gain sustained competitiveness in the market
that will be enhancing the goals.

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References
Anderson, M. H., & Sun, P. Y. (2017). Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need
for a new ‘full‐range’theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1),
76-96.
Anderson, M. H., & Sun, P. Y. (2017). Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need
for a new ‘full‐range’theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1),
76-96.
Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., &Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic
review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The
Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634-652.
Dartey-Baah, K., 2015. Resilient leadership: A transformational-transactional leadership
mix. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), pp.99-112.
Deichmann, D., & Stam, D. (2015). Leveraging transformational and transactional leadership
to cultivate the generation of organization-focused ideas. The Leadership
Quarterly, 26(2), 204-219.
Gebert, D., Heinitz, K., &Buengeler, C. (2016). Leaders' charismatic leadership and
followers' commitment—The moderating dynamics of value erosion at the societal
level. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 98-108.
Grabo, A., Spisak, B. R., & van Vugt, M. (2017). Charisma as signal: An evolutionary
perspective on charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(4), 473-485.

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Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and
servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A
meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529.
Thompson, G., &Glasø, L. (2015). Situational leadership theory: a test from three
perspectives. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(5), 527-544.
Zhou, L., Zhao, S., Tian, F., Zhang, X., & Chen, S. (2018). Visionary leadership and
employee creativity in China. International Journal of Manpower, 39(1), 93-105.