Psychology of Behaviour Sample Assignment

Psychology
of
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................1
P3 Identifying influences and factors contributing to criminal activity......................................1
M3 Theories of criminal behaviour.............................................................................................2
D2 Analysing real world crime applying psychological theory with causal factor, influences
and contribution factors...............................................................................................................2
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................3
P4 Psychological perspective applied by individual in public services......................................3
P5 Psychological perspective applied to teams within public services.......................................5
M4 Psychology practically applied by public services to reduce criminal behaviour................6
D3 Psychological perspective applied to work range of public services....................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
.........................................................................................................................................................7
REFRENCES ..................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Behaviour psychology play's an essential role in human behaviour that help in examining
styles as well as providing therapy to correct and negative destruction. It is define as study or
alteration of individual behaviour including their action, action, emotions and thoughts.
Additionally, techniques are applied that consist of cognitive, restricting, behaviour modelling in
classical and operant conditioning (Choi And et.al., 2017) This report is based on psychology
behaviour of a criminal behaviour its cause factors which are contributing criminal activity.
Eventually, determining psychology perspective that can be applied to teams and individuals
within public services. Moreover, analysing a real world crime by applying theories and
identifying its causal factor along its influences and contributory factors. Furthermore,
evaluating psychological perspective that is applied to work range of public services.
TASK 3
P3 Identifying influences and factors contributing to criminal activity
In today's context there are certain factors that are often starting point for understanding
criminal behaviour(Lasselin and et.al., 2016) Eventually, there are certain influences as well as
factors that are contribution towards criminal activity are determined below:
Factors affecting Crime:
Social climate environment: Social aspects have indicated its factors in influencing criminal
behaviours. Initially a child or an individual gets eradicated to merely obey society rules and
particular actions that are usually repeated due to correlated implications.
For example:
Financial issues: One of the biggest social criminal factors that are emerging
tremendously in today's context are financial cries of an individual in high competitive living
standards (Luthans,Youssef and Avolio, 2015) Eventually, money has made an individual to
create crimes for their survival of living hood.
Unemployment: Due to unemployment people are more addicted towards criminal
activities. Now a days living standards are increasing as recession is decreasing constantly
which are emerging to involve on such activities.
Education: In today's context, education play's an essential role in developing an
individual career in an appropriate manner. Herein, if an individual is uneducated or else dose
1

not have proper ethical manner than such people are emerging towards criminal activities in
constant to earn money. Such as practising thief and murdering some in need of money etc.
Influences of criminal activity
Peer pressure: Peer pressure is defined as group of individuals approximately of same
age group teens that influences an individual do unethical things which are not appropriate
towards society (Ma and et.al., 2016) Moreover, it do have certain consequences such as cause
trouble with law, affects health as well as encourages towards criminal activities.
M3 Theories of criminal behaviour
Psychological theories of crime are set out that criminal behaviour of an individual create
differences in thinking process. Additionally, there are many such theories that help in
identifying different thoughts and feelings that dictate their actions.
Cognitive theory: Cognitive theory is based on idea of cognitive process that defines
behaviours, thoughts emotion of an individual. Moreover, this theory have processed out with
stages of cognitive that help in identifying crime and delinquency (Moore and Gino, 2015) Such
as pre conventional level of children and focusing on external as well as internal consequences
trough out their actions. Eventually, convectional level is mostly common in adolescents or
among young youths that are usually divergent from society's ethics. Furthermore, post
convectional level is increasing in young youths which is influencing the critical examination of
human rights and moral principles.
Social learning theory: According to this theory people who are engage in crime
because of their association with other who are fully engaged in crime(Nelson And et.al., 2016)
This theory has reinforced with learned that there are certain favourable beliefs. Moreover, as
per consequences of this theory this theory help in identification to view crime that is desirable
or at least justifiable in certain situations. In fact this association this the best predicator of
delinquent behaviour than other prior delinquency.
D2 Analysing real world crime applying psychological theory with causal factor, influences and
contribution factors
In today's society criminal behaviour and criminal behaviour and criminal traits are
highly publicized in media commonly that are hitting up news television shows and moves.
Now a real world crime that is increasing rapidly are sexual assault (Norton and et.al., 2017) It
2

is a cat in which another person is forcing sexual activity against his or her will. It can be
happened to anyone at any age, gander, race or socio-economic background at any time or place.
In this case biological theory of crime can be applied as this theory explains behaviour contrary
to societal expectation through examination in an accurate manner(O'Brien And et.al., 2016)
This theory is basically determines a human behaviour from generation to generation. In this
process much of human are connected with fundamentals which are rooted in instinctive
behaviour response characteristics of an individual who are intensionally or unintentionally
involved in it.
Causal factor:
Causal factors that re involved in such process are substance misuse, people who are
committed towards such crime are often target individuals who have lack of power community
such as women, people with disabilities, children, teens etc.. moreover, misuse substance used
are alcohol or drugs which have given to victim by person who are usually committed towards
the sexual abuse to make victim to make unnecessary sounds.
Contribution factor:
Contribution factor usually have negative impact for both abuse and sexual victimization
which are both viewed negatively in society. Eventually, such victims faced many problem
within society such a people do not look in a good way they always de morale their value as
making realisation that they have been facing such problems. Thus, such feeling compound
many challenges of healing out process as well as increase feelings of victimised of blame
shame and isolation.
TASK 4
P4 Psychological perspective applied by individual in public services
In context to psychology, perspective involves certain assumption about human
behaviour. Such as they function , behave or analysing things within an individuals. Herein,
application of psychological perspective and theories in public services on an individual or
personal level are:
Styles of communication: In today's context communication has a big impact on individual as
they can communicating with each other in and effective manner(Spanos, 2017) They styles of
communication are as follows:
3

Aggressive communication: This style of communication is expressed in forceful and
hostile manner which consist of alienating message in it. it is one of the healthiest and mist
effective communication system. It content message and may get destructed as now a days
people are too busy in reacting over message.
Assertive style: In this process an individual gain confidence to communicate with each
other as well as help in resorting games or manipulation. This communication process is born
with high self esteem and it one least adopted communication style adopted by individuals.
Passive style: In this style of communication people appear to be passive on surface
which are actually acting in direct or behind the scenes ways. This style is effective to deal with
over whelming lack of power. Moreover, an individual behave in such a manner behave
powerful as well as express their feelings in an effective manner.
Submissive style: This style of communication is characterised by being unclear needs
of given situation being overly flexible. A submissive characterised usually feel apologetic on
imposing people whenever you asked to do something. It is one of the best way to please each
and every one so that conflicts can be avoided.
Maslow's hierarchy theory: This theory is termed as one of the best motivational theory as this
help in motivating employees in an effective manner. One of the basic needs is for physical
survival in order to motivate individual.
Physiological needs: This needs are essential for an individual that are essential for
survival. For example air, foods, drinks, clothing and shelter etc. if an individual is satisfied with
this substance they feel motivated and performance their work effectively.
Safety needs: Safety is essential for an individual. If a person feel safe and secure in an
environment they they feel motivated in performing their task and actives in an effective manner.
Love and belongingness needs: After safety and psychological needs an individual
needs love and belongingness in order to have happy environment so that they feel motivated
and work accordingly. Thus, such interpersonal relationship motivates behaviour of an
individual in an effectively manner.
Esteem needs: In today's environment an individual feel motivated if a person have good
reputation or dignity in a society. This creates huge motivation among individual so that they
perform their role and responsibilities in an effective manner.
4

Self- actualization needs: In this style of motivational an individual wants to seeks
good personal growth and peak experience in its career. This help an individual to become
capable of everything in an accurate manner so that a person can leave its livelihood in an
appropriate manner.
P5 Psychological perspective applied to teams within public services
Now a days psychological perspective are consist of certain assumption that help to
identify team perception by analysing perception of a team members in different ways such as:
Team roles: In an organisation teams plays an effective role in psychological perceptive
of public services in an effective manner. Such as:
Shaper: Team help an individual to shape themselves as per need and occurrence of a
requirement(Wertz and et.al., 2018) As this help a team to face challenges and issues in order to
maintain positive mental attitude as well as strives out the best way in over coming such
challenges and issues appropriately. Thus, it have great application in order to have
interpersonal communication skills towards motivating their team members.
Implementer: In a team people who play implementer are those roles who are actually
doing things within a team. Moreover, it have great implication over team by having actual
performance into plans and procedures because of its conservative nature implementer become
rigid and slow to accept changes in a team.
Coordinator: Within a team coordinator are seen as prepossessing their team as
traditional manner. Herein, an individual need to be matured in its capabilities and listing process
skills. Moreover, it creates great implication in activities of team with delegating duties that may
be manipulated in directing teams towards the perceived goals of a team.
Monitor evaluation: Monitor evaluation have a great implication into decision making
process as they need to prefer critically to identify information before examining to any drawn
conclusion. Thus, monitor and evaluation are lacks of energy to motivate and are usually deemed
to be slow in decision making process.
Psychodynamic groups: It is one of the best powerful and effective forms psychotherapy for
people who are have disorder among themselves within a team. Such groups are determined
below:
Support group: support groups plays an effective role in supporting team members to
perform their roles and duties in an effective manner so that determined goals and objectives of
5

teams can be achieved within stipulated period of time. Moreover, short term groups have a
specific number of session for people in order to support new group of people in developing a
new and effective teams.
Educational groups: This groups of people consist of high level of educated people who
are utilising their knowledge and experience in creating application towards developing an
effectively team members. Moreover, an individual are sharing their experience and problem
solving skills so that team can maintain their perception in an attractive manner. Thus, in this
way they can overcome their issues and problems so that their goals and objectives can be attain
in an effective manner without any difficulties.
Self help groups: In such groups there are self help groups that are adopted by team
members so that they can adopt their own planning and strategies so that they can overcome their
issues and problems in accurate manner. Thus, it will have great implication over such issues and
a team will attain their goals and objectives in an effective manner.
Thus, in this psychological perspective are applied within team members so that they feel
motivated in carrying out their task and activities in an effectively manner without any
difficulties. Hence, a team can become dynamic in nature as well as attain their goals and
motives within stipulated period of time.
M4 Psychology practically applied by public services to reduce criminal behaviour
Psychology are defined as field that may work in prison, rehabilitation, police
departments, laws firms, government agencies or private practices. Such cab be applied in social
environment so that they can reduce criminal behaviour in emerging context of society.
Moreover, government needs to implement certain laws and norms on regular;r basis so that
criminal cases can get reduces gradually in an effective manner. For such instance they need to
determine suspected criminal has been done from mental issues or have been done intentionally
in order to abuse someone. Thus, it is one of the prime duty of a government to create strict rules
and regulation so crime can reduce. Moreover, they can plan strategies and planning procedures
with effective polices so that society can adopt it as well as help in decreasing level of criminal
activities in today's complexity.
D3 Psychological perspective applied to work range of public services
Public service psychology implement psychological science as well as principles for the
safety of public and judicial system. With the perspective of human behaviour, practitioners
6

work within the criminal justice system to solve the issues which keep community safe. Apart
from this behaviourist psychological approach proposes two major procedures in which people
learn from their environment i.e., classical conditioning as well as operant conditioning. Out of
which classical conditioning involves learning through association whereas, operant conditioning
include learning by the consequences of behaviour. Apart from this, behaviourism also believes
in the scientific methodology as well as observable behaviour will be only studied because this
can be objectively measured. It reject the thoughts such as people have free will as well as on
believes that environment determines all behaviour. Moreover, psychological working with law
enforcement agencies in order to deliver a range of direct psychological services to various
officers and other departments that help in providing services to law full enforcement agencies
that are not evolved or evolved in different environment takes in order to toll human being. It
also helps to identify successful candidates for law enforcement and evaluate them on variety of
ranges of emotional stability criteria that consist of suitability for law enforcement work.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that it is study individual behaviour
including their action, action, emotions and thoughts. It help an individual to overcome its
negative in society so that criminal activities can decreased in an effective manner. Additionally,
techniques are applied that consist of cognitive, restricting, behaviour modelling in classical and
operant conditioning. Moreover, with the adoption of such techniques an perspective of
individual and team members are change that ultimately help in achieving their goals and
objectives in an effective manner within stipulated period of time.
7

REFRENCES
Books & Journal
Choi, K.W. And et.al., 2017. Applying network analysis to psychological comorbidity and health
behavior: Depression, PTSD, and sexual risk in sexual minority men with trauma
histories. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 85(12). p.1158.
Lasselin, J. and et.al., 2016. Mood disturbance during experimental endotoxemia: predictors of
state anxiety as a psychological component of sickness behavior. Brain, behavior, and
immunity. 57. pp.30-37.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M. and Avolio, B. J., 2015. Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford
University Press, USA.
Ma, J. and et.al., 2016. A systematic review of the predictions of the Interpersonal–Psychological
Theory of Suicidal Behavior. Clinical psychology review. 46. pp.34-45.
Moore, C. and Gino, F., 2015. Approach, ability, aftermath: A psychological process framework
of unethical behavior at work. The Academy of Management Annals. 9(1). pp.235-289.
Nelson, S. K. And et.al.,2016. Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-
focused behavior on psychological flourishing. Emotion. 16(6). p.850.
Norton, T. A. and et.al., 2017. Bridging the gap between green behavioral intentions and
employee green behavior: The role of green psychological climate. Journal of
Organizational Behavior. 38(7). pp.996-1015.
O'Brien, K.S. And et.al., 2016. The relationship between weight stigma and eating behavior is
explained by weight bias internalization and psychological distress. Appetite. 102.
pp.70-76.
Spanos, N. P., 2017. Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social psychological perspective.
Hypnosis: Theory, Research and Application, p.183.
Wertz, J. and et.al., 2018. Genetics and crime: Integrating new genomic discoveries into
psychological research about antisocial behavior. Psychological science. 29(5). pp.791-
803.
(Choi And et.al., 2017) (Lasselin and et.al., 2016) (Luthans,Youssef and Avolio, 2015) (Ma and
et.al., 2016) (Moore and Gino, 2015) (Nelson And et.al., 2016) (Norton and et.al., 2017)
(O'Brien And et.al., 2016) (Spanos, 2017) (Wertz and et.al., 2018)
8