Agent-Based Modeling of Human Behavior

This assignment delves into the application of agent-based models (ABMs) in geographical systems, with a primary focus on modeling human behavior. It draws from various psychological theories and principles, including self-efficacy (Maddux & Kleiman, 2012), moral psychology (Rai & Fiske, 2011), positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014), culture-gene coevolution (Chudek & Henrich, 2011), and stress management (Driskell & Salas, 2013). The assignment also considers the structure of human abilities (Vernon, 2014) and risky adolescent behavior from an evolutionary perspective (Ellis et al., 2012). The goal is to understand how these psychological aspects influence agent behaviors in ABMs for geographical systems.

PSYCHOLOGY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Different psychological concepts are existing which describes about lifetime improvement
................................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Relation of mental theories with specific life phase.........................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Social and biological elements which effects human behaviours....................................4
2.2 Significance of social roles regarding health and social care settings..............................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Covered in Leaflet..................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Psychology can be characterised as the discipline which involves technological
examination of mental and behavioural activities. Psychology is the present objectives for
knowing a person and teams by establishing wide principles and investigating particular cases.
This is the study of behaviour and mind of a person or entire human being who are existing in
this world. It will help in understanding the major cause of problem which is known as
psychological issues, developing understanding of aliments and fighting with them (Kanai and
Rees, 2011). Psychology is that term which includes different practices of behaviour, etc. This
will also consist of subconscious and conscious elements of individual attributes. It can be
generally governed by various theories and sometimes need changes in personality which
follows correct process. The existing project is supported on human psychology. In this report,
various concepts of time period process are described. Along with this, different biological and
social factors which directly impact on specific behaviour of single person are discussed.
TASK 1
1.1 Different psychological concepts are existing which describes about lifetime improvement
There are several mental conception present which describe about the time period
evolution which are as follows:
Erikson vs Freud- Such are 2 names which can not be ignored at the time of discussing
regarding psychology. Father of psychology is also known by Sigmund Freud. Erikson and
Freud having different thinking (Kennedy, 2012). Freud mainly centring on the value of
consumption whereas Erikson was focused about how respondents take care of children’s
requirements.
The Freud's phase of psychological evolution:
Beginning to 1 year- It is states the spoken stage. In the point of process, the major
source of pleasant with kid through with mouth at the time of eating, sucking and tasting. Such
issues or problems occur in this stage which are called as spoken fixation.
1 to 3 years- This stage is also famed as improvement. In this phase, child acquire
awareness of command and capability by managing the movement of bower and bladder. A
person who gain prosperity at this level of life which can effectively developing and creating
awareness of productiveness and competencies.

3 to 6 years- It can be referred as a phallic stage. At this time period, child starts for
identifying their same sex parents (Maddux and Kleiman, 2012). On the other hand, boy
experience Oedipus complexity whereas girl children education the Electra involved.
1.2 Relation of mental theories with specific life phase
Relationship of psychological concepts with specific life phase:
Behavioural concept- It is that approach which studies the changes in behaviour in
human and the main reason for this theory are external factors (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). While
factors close to a person alterations, for example, if child is sick by his sources then it can
instantly impact on his well-being and major aspects and his quality cultural in effective manner.
This can be develop and creating a feeling of disappointment and anger in his mind and
according to this outcome, he is became anti-social. It will majorly influences on his health and
most of the time he will be stressed at many times. This can be lead towards manifestation of
various physical ailments involved in him.
Cognitive theory- This is the most effective branch of psychology which helps in
identifying the human behaviour and evacuating by using different processes. This will assist an
individual for getting correct information, the way which keeps it, then in different orientation
and ways with the help of these data has been processed by an individual. For example, when
two best friends are not seen each other for extended time period, at the same day he look at his
friend and say hi to him but another friend does not any reaction because he do not noticed him
and perceive his sound. After that first person is become angry on his another friend (Maslow,
2013). Also some negative feeling will be generated in first friend and angry on his friend.
According to this result, certain distance has been coming among both of them. Due to lack of
information absorbed by first one, also his response to thinks or procedure in his own condition.
TASK 2
2.1 Social and biological elements which effects human behaviours
Nature and Nurture argument has been creates deal of controversy. Gisee and another
theoretician mainly assistance the Nature arguments that strongly conceive that natural and
hereditary power show an important part in determining behavioural adjustment of a person
(Neisser, 2014). On this contrary, Skinner and Bandura are mainly supporting the Nurture
theory where they consider about cultural surroundings which play a leading function in crucial

the major response and actions of an individual. Some of these societal aspects directly affects
the surviving form of a person that are as follows:
Belief- In this, human response in various way when they meet with an individual of
various religions. For example, Muslims are proofed as differently in united kingdom and this
will advised as modest by Britishers.
Education- This will play an important part in deciding different kind of regard accepted
by an individual or given to some other individual (Chudek and Henrich, 2011). For example, a
police force can be granted special honour and significance of authority office in compare to the
common man. Educational factors lower the skills of education which lead towards bad
behaviour and other factors such as media, cultural environment and society give influence on
his behaviour.
Cultural factors- Culture is play an important impact on the behavioural form of a
person. Each individual consciously and unconsciously adopt and use different concepts of his
culture and behave as per this situation.
Biological factors- Biological factors are mainly affects the human behaviour in positive
or negative manner. Genetic is also one of the major factor that can directly affects and
determine behaviour of an individual (Rai and Fiske, 2011). Every human being has different
types of characters which includes talent and ability, so all such factors comes from the heredity.
There are various biological aspects which directly affect on the behaviour of human in
the examination of mental behaviour of a person that are as under:
Social factor- The socialising is one of the social aspects which directly affects the
human behaviour due to its general process where human gain information, ability and languages
in their society. As per this case study, a person various things from his family in childhood stage
that affects his behaviour.
Genetics- Genes passes through parents or ancestors to their children or offspring in
effective manner. Major disease passes from parents to their children by using this. So this can
be considered as an essential factor which spread illness of a person (Seligman and
Csikszentmihalyi, 2014).
Neurological factor- This can be trouble connected with brain. As per the case study, any
of the nerve or organ of the brain does not create wholly which lead towards abnormal behaviour
among an individual.

2.2 Significance of social roles regarding health and social care settings
The value of social function that are as follows:
Psychological health- There are various cases where mental surroundings and factors
reason issues respected well-being. For example, if a minor communicate due to sufferings from
major sickness, then accordant to this physician whole surroundings is also answerable which
directly affects on his harmony of brain and happiness.
Care giver attitude- The mental position controlled by care providers which directly
affect on child behaviour (Ajzen, 2011). If a child grow with having optimistic cognition then he
will not occurrence any harassment and mistreatment.
Surroundings at schooling- If an environment of education place is not so great where
minor utilised to work and this will effect on human activity. If a person made great friends then
he may acquire new and different things but dreadful fellowship will harmfully affects on
youngster head.
Experiment self esteem- Self esteem will also determined into informing at the time of
discussing regarding well-being and social care settings. If kid has lack of this abilities then it
also cause various welfare problems.
According to the case study, negative effects of deficiency, low metabolic and imbalance
hormones process (Stern, 2011). At the life stage, he is physical and mentally not much strong to
conflict with dangerous illness and he is able for taking necessary actions or stand for solving
personal issues. Both these factors such as social and biological affects the behaviour of human.
Mental and physical health is an important factor. Also he is facing major issues and problems
such as mental disorder and depression so he need to take care and support his family,
community, society and friends. This will play an essential role for reducing the addicts and
more practices which assist in improving health and well-being.
In this case study, proper and regular medication is an important factor for improving his
health. When person having high level of stress, he has opportunities for losing his memory. In
such situation, social roles assist in remembering his own identity ad also assist in developing
self confidence among him (Vernon, 2014). These help in maintaining conformity and traditional
positive behaviour in human being. This study will give positive impact on human behaviour so
they can take care of then and provide personal attention to him.

TASK 3
Covered in Leaflet
CONCLUSION
As per the section mentioned study it can be analysed that psychology is the helpful study
in regular life. It help in understanding and evaluating a person personality, behavioural structure
and it environment which influence various factors affected to an individual. There are different
psychological theories of lifespan development which has been described in this project. Various
social and biological aspects directly impact on human being behaviour that can be explained.
Along with this, importance or applications of psychological principles which affects behaviour
change. This is the study of behaviour and brain of a person or entire human being who are exist
in this world. It will help in understanding the major cause of problem which is known as
psychological issues, developing understanding of the aliments and fighting with them. There are
certain theories of psychology which are related to a person who experience high level of stress
among children and immaturity due to various reasons like violence, insult etc.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Kanai, R. and Rees, G., 2011. The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human
behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.12(4). pp.231-242.
Kennedy, W .G., 2012. Modelling human behaviour in agent-based models. In Agent-based
models of geographical systems (pp. 167-179). Springer Netherlands.
Maddux, J. E. and Kleiman, E. M., 2012. Self‐efficacy. The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical
Psychology.pp.89-101.
Maslow, A. H., 2013. Toward a psychology of being. Simon and Schuster.
Neisser, U., 2014. Cognitive psychology: Classic edition. Psychology Press.
Rai, T. S. and Fiske, A. P., 2011. Moral psychology is relationship regulation: moral motives for
unity, hierarchy, equality, and proportionality. Psychological review. 118(1). p.57.
Seligman, M. E. and Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow
and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands.
Stern, P. C., 2011. Contributions of psychology to limiting climate change. American
Psychologist. 66(4).p.303.
Vernon, P. E., 2014. The structure of human abilities (psychology revivals). Routledge.
Ajzen, I., 2011. The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections.
Chudek, M. and Henrich, J., 2011. Culture–gene coevolution, norm-psychology and the
emergence of human prosociality. Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(5), pp.218-226.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. Toward a psychology of optimal experience. In Flow and the
foundations of positive psychology (pp. 209-226). Springer Netherlands.
Driskell, J. E. and Salas, E. eds., 2013. Stress and human performance. Psychology Press.
Ellis, B. J. and et. al., 2012. The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: implications for
science, policy, and practice. Developmental psychology. 48(3). p.598.
Fulton, E. A. and et. al. 2012. Human behaviour: the key source of uncertainty in fisheries
management. Fish and Fisheries. 12(1). pp.2-17.
Heider, F., 2013. The psychology of interpersonal relations. Psychology Press.
Howell, D. C., 2012. Statistical methods for psychology. Cengage Learning.
Online
10 Types of Psychological Theories. 2017. [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-theory-2795970>.